< h2 id="hi-10888" > rhino horn</h2>
Pinyin Xī Jiǎo
Aliases Low Density (Compendium), Black Rhino Horn ("Criterion of Evidence"), Xiang Rhino Horn (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine).
Source:The Book of Scriptures
The source is the horn of the Rhinoceros Indian Rhinoceros, Javan Rhinoceros, Sumen Rhinoceros and others. The rhinoceros is fierce, and when hunting, it must first hide on the side of the road, shoot and shoot, or detect the path where its footprints haunt, and set traps on the way to capture it. After killing, cut off the horns of the rhinoceros.
Original form (1) Indian rhinoceros, also known as: one-horned rhinoceros ("Compendium").
It is second only to elephants and hippopotamus in weight, with a length of about 3.2 to 3.5 meters and a shoulder height of 1.8 meters. The head is large, the neck is short, the ears are long, the eyes are small, and the nostrils are large. The skin is thick and completely hairless except for the ears and tail. There are wide folds and ridges in the shoulder blades, under the neck and at the joints of the limbs, which are lined with many wart-like bumps on the surface of the skin, and the skin is dark gray with a slight purple color. Both male and female have a horn at the end of their noses, black, conical, thick but not long, and generally about 30 to 40 cm long. The limbs are stout, each with 3 toes.
It lives in the humid, dense, uncultivated grasslands of the subtropics. Solitary or two cohabiting, nocturnal, strong sense of smell and hearing, and weak vision. Feeds on fresh shoots, shoots, bamboo, mangoes, etc. It is found in Nepal and northern India.
(2) Javan rhinoceros, also known as: small one-horned rhinoceros.
The shape is similar to that of the Indian rhinoceros and is smaller. The skin also has thick folds, but the 3 folds on the back are completely connected up and down. Only males of this species have horns, grow at the end of the nose, and have small horns, only about 25 cm long.
It lives in tropical dense forests and loves to swim in the water and is afraid of the sun. It is often solitary or hermaphroditic , feeding on fresh shoots , shoots , leaves , bamboo , mangoes and figs. Distributed in Java.
(3) Sumun rhinoceros, also known as: double-horned rhinoceros.
It is the smallest in size, with a length of about 2.4 to 2.5 meters. The body is hairy, brown or black, and the skin is thick and thick. Both male and female animals have double horns on their noses, with long front horns and short posterior horns, which are born in a longitudinal column. The upper lip is not prominent.
The habits of life are the same as those of the previous species. It is found in Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia in Sumatra and Borneo.
The meat (rhinoceros meat) and skin (rhinoceros skin) of the above types of rhinoceros are also used for medicinal purposes, and each is detailed.
The characteristic angle is conical, tapering from the bottom upwards, slightly curved, and the length varies, and the large one is more than 30 cm long. The surface is dark black , and the lower part is lighter and grayish-brown. The bottom periphery has horsetooth-like serrations, called "horsetooth edges", about 3 cm high, and the surface is uneven. The "horse's tooth edge" has longitudinal stripes and hard straight thorns in the upper part, commonly called "bristles", sometimes cracked; the middle is gradually smoothed upwards, the corner tip is blunt and shiny, and the mane-like dots are visible. There is a longitudinal groove in front of the corner, the length of the ditch is about 9 to 15 cm, the depth is about 3 cm, it is used to be called "gutter", and there is a prominent high post on the chassis under it, the length of the post is about 6 to 7 cm, and the height is 2 to 4 cm, which is called "ground gang". The chassis is large, oblong, narrow in front and wide in the back, shaped like a turtle's back, 13 to 20 cm long, 11 to 14 cm wide, gray-black or black-brown, gradually becoming lighter outward, gray-brown or gray-yellow, the bottom surface is concave into 3 to 6 cm, customarily called "nest", and covered with mane-like dots, commonly known as "sand bottom". The matter is hard, but split from the longitudinal surface, and it is tied smoothly, without stranding. The pound flakes are off-white with sesame flower dots or short lines. The breath is slightly fragrant but not fishy, and the taste is slightly salty. It is preferable to be dark and shiny, complete and crack-free, gray and black on the sand background, large mane and fragrant. The chassis is grayish-black and the features are incomplete or inconspicuous.
It is mainly produced in India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places.
In addition to the above varieties, there are two kinds of rhino horn users: (1) wide angle: also known as horn, pillar horn or Pegasus horn, which is the horn of african black rhinoceros or white rhinoceros. The angular shape is long, up to about 60 cm long, tapering upwards from the bottom, rounded in the middle, slightly curved in the upper part, and the tip thin and slightly flattened. The upper part is gray-black, the lower part is grayish yellow, and the goods are mostly painted a shiny dark black. The chassis is round, the nest is shallow, and the five-day ditch is hilly and the edge of the horse's teeth, which is fishy. There are also sawn into irregular small pieces, called "wide-angle flaps".
(2) Small rhino horn: also known as "mushroom head", is a small horn on the top of the rhinoceros. It is 3 to 13 cm long, dark and shiny, and the lower half is lighter in color and has many longitudinal cracks. The top is rounded like a small bun head. The chassis is round, 3 to 9 cm in diameter, the "nest" is shallow, and the "sand bottom" is thinner. The longitudinal profile silk is thick, smooth, ungutered, and grayish black. Pound pieces are more curved. Slightly cloudy taste.
The main component of the chemical component rhino horn is keratin. In addition, it also contains other proteins, peptides and free amino acids, guanidine derivatives, sterols and the like. Among the constituent amino acids of rhinocorne, cystine accounts for 8.7%, and there are 3 basic amino acids: histidine, lysine, and arginine. Its molecular number ratio is 1:5:12, so it is similar to wool, horn, etc., mainly belonging to eukeratoin.
Recently, inexpensive buffalo horns have been used in medical practice to replace rhino horns, thus promoting the study of the composition of the two horns. For a comparison of the composition of the two horns, refer to the "Buffalo Horn" article. Simply put, both horns contain cholesterol, but rhino horn also contains trace amounts of other sterols, basic peptides, which have aspartic acids and buffalo horns. Rhino horn also contains fewer guanidines than buffalo horn.
Rhino horn decoction, performing paper electrophoresis, on the anode side there are two positive points of indamine that are slightly slower than cysteine, after hydrolysis, there is cysteine. Another acidic amino acid was found that was slightly slower than cysteine.
Rhino horn is extracted with hot water to obtain 2 mg / g of amino acids, containing about 20 kinds of acids such as serine and glycine. The decoction also contains ethanolamine.
Pharmacological effect (1) on cardiovascular effects
Rhino horn decoction has a cardiotonic effect on normal and weak ex vivo toads, rabbit hearts and toad in place, rhino horn on dogs, rabbits blood pressure first rises, then falls, and then continues to rise, this blood pressure change may be due to the comprehensive effect of the heart and blood vessels. Perfusion of the lower limbs of the toad first shows a brief contraction followed by dilation.
(2) Antipyretic effect
Rhino horn and wide angle have no antipyretic effect on E. coli fever house rabbits, and buffalo horn suspension and buffalo horn injection have no obvious antipyretic effect on cow milk fever house rabbits.
(3) Other functions
Rhino horn, cattle or sheep horn, pig's trotter claw nail decoction has an excitatory effect on the intestines of isolated rabbits. The total number of white blood cells on rabbits rises sharply after a decrease. There is no inhibitory effect on staphylococcus in vivo or in vitro.
(4) From the preliminary test results of experiments such as isolated heart, intestinal tube, rabbit blood pressure, antipyretic, blood picture, and bacteriostatic, some people believe that the role of cattle and sheep horns and pig trotter claws and rhino horns is basically similar.
Another name is that after the rhino horn is soaked in normal saline, it has an excitatory effect on the ex vivo frog heart after a short period of inhibition (amplitude increases, and the heart rate does not change significantly); the blood pressure rises after intravenous injection of rabbits, the blood vessels in rabbit ears are dilated, and the intestines and uterus in vivo rabbits are excited; for rabbits with fever, intravenous injection can reduce body temperature to normal; there is a mild pupil dilation effect on rabbit eyes; mice with intravenous injection of 30% 0.5 ml can have spasm, incomplete breathing, and protruding eyeballs, disappear within 5 minutes, and then appear sleep for 5 to 6 hours.
Concoct rhino horn slices: take the rhino horn to split the salted lobes, soak them in warm water, fish out, pound the pieces, and dry them in the sun. Rhinoceros powder: Take rhinoceros horn file powder and grind it into a very fine powder.
(1) "The Theory of Lei Gong Cannon": "Whoever cultivates all the horns, the great taboo salt is also." "
(2) "Materia Medica Derivation": "Rhinoceros horn tip, it is better to wear it, if it is scattered in the soup, then the crumbs." "
Sexual taste sour and salty, cold.
(1) The Book of Scriptures: "Bitter taste, cold." "
(2) "Beilu": "Sour and salty, slightly cold, non-toxic." "
(3) "On medicinal properties": "Sweet taste, there is a small poison." "
Into the heart, liver meridian.
(1) "Materia Medica": "Into the Yang Ming." "
(2) "Lei Gong Cannon Pharmaceutical Sexual Solution": "Into the heart, liver and two meridians." "
(3) "Materia Medica": "Start with Taiyin and Shaoyin, Foot Yin, And Shaoyin Sutra." "
Functional indications for clearing heat, cooling blood, calming shock, detoxification. Cure typhoid fever fever into the blood, frenzy, irritability, delirium, macules, yellowing, vomiting blood, blood, blood, blood, carbuncle swelling poison.
(1) The Book of Scriptures: "Cure all poisons and miasma." Kill hook kisses, duck feathers, snake venom. "
(2) Notes on the Collected Works of Materia Medica): "To relieve the poison of the Pyridoxin." "
(3) "Don't Record": "Cure typhoid fever, warm disease, headache, cold and heat, and all kinds of poisonous gases." "
(4) "Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Dispel the evil gas, calm the mind, relieve the heat, disperse the wind and poison, and cure the back, carbuncle, sores, and suppuration as water." During the Lord's healing, he was as hot as fire, bored, poisoned into his heart, and spoke wildly. "
(5) "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica": "Cure red diarrhea, study for the end, and take it with water; and the main stroke nausea and pain, diet poisoning and medicinal poisoning, heat poisoning, bone and muscle stroke, heart wind and depression." He also used water mills to take juice and children's clothes to cure fever. "
(6) "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Cure upset, stop alarm, reduce fever and tear phlegm, relieve mountain miasma and xi poison, and calm the liver and eyes." Cure stroke aphasia, hot poisonous wind, when the gas is crazy. "
(7) "Outline": "Grinding juice to cure vomiting blood, blood, blood and typhoid fever blood storage, wild words, yellow spots; acne is dense, internal heat is sunken or not scab." Diarrhea liver cool heart, stomach detoxification. "
Dosage for internal use: grinding juice or grinding powder, 3 to 6 minutes; decoction, 0.5 to 2 yuan; or into pills, scatter. External use: rub the juice.
Note (1) "Lei Gong Cannon Burning Theory": "Women who are pregnant do not take it, they can eliminate tire gas." "
(2) Notes on the Materia Medica: "Pine resin is made." Evil mushrooms, thunder pills. "
(3) "Compendium": "Cohosh is made for it." Evil aconitum, black beak. "
(4) "Materia Medica": "It is not suitable for those who are too hot to be sick with acne; typhoid fever is irritable and should not be misused." "
Compound (1) cure warm and hot summer plague, spasm and fainting, slanderous spots, dry tongue color, or purple, or round and hard, or black moss; and cure acne and heavy poison, entrained purple spots, and acne after the after-toxic internal blazing, mouth and throat rot, red eyes: black rhinoceros horn tip (grinding juice), stone calamus, skullcap each six two, true huaishengdi (cold water washed and soaked in mashed juice), honeysuckle (fresh people mash juice with Yuliang) each - jin, dung Qing, forsythia each twelve, plate blue root nine two, fragrant sauce eight two, yuan ginseng seven two, pollen, purple grass four two each. Each raw sun is finely ground (avoid stir-frying), with rhinoceros horn, ground yellow juice, dung clear and mashed as pills (do not add honey, such as difficult pills can be boiled and rotten), each weight of three dollars. Cool boiled hydrated clothing twice a day. Halve the child. If there is no feces clearing, you can add people in the yellow four two research pills. ("Warm Longitude and Latitude" Shen Xidan)
(2) Cure Taiyin temperature disease, god dimwitted whisperers: rhinoceros horn tip two money (punching mill), yuan ginseng heart three money, lotus heart five points, bamboo leaf curl heart two money, Lian Qiao heart two money, Lian xin Mai Dong three money. Serve fried in water. ("Wen Sick Article Discernment" Qinggong Soup)
(3) Cure typhoid fever poison Neisheng, body red spots: rhino horn (pound), ephedra (to remove the root joint), plaster one or two each, huanglian (to whiskers) three points, mountain gardenia kernel one or two halves. On the five flavors, coarse pounding sieve, each serving of five money dagger, water a lamp and a half, fry until one lamp, go to the bottom, serve warm. ("The General Record of Saint Francis", Rhinoceros Soup)
(4) Cure acute yellow, irritability of the heart, red pain in the eyes: rhinoceros crumbs one or two, Yin Chen two two, skullcap one or two, gardenia one or two, Sichuan cohosh one or two, Sichuan mangosteen two two. On the medicine, pound the sieve for scattering. Four dollars per serving, take a cup of water, and three or seven bamboo leaves, fry until six points, go to the water, regardless of the time to serve warmly. ("Saint Huifang" Rhinoceros Horn Scatter)
(5) Treatment of typhoid fever and mild diseases, should sweat without sweating within the blood storage, and epistaxis, vomiting blood inexhaustible, residual blood stasis, yellow face, black stool. Eliminate blood stasis: rhinoceros horn one or two, raw ground yellow eight two, peony medicine three two, peony skin two two. On the four flavors, finely cut, with nine liters of water, boil three liters, divided into three servings. ("A Thousand Golden Fangs" Rhinoceros Dihuang Soup)
(6) Cure vomiting blood like goose and duck liver, day and night: rhinoceros horn two two (pound shavings raw use), platycodon two two (raw use). On the second taste, pounding for scattering. Warm wine under the two money dagger. (The General Records of Saint Francis)
(7) Cure diarrhea blood: rhinoceros horn (chips), dry ground yellow, ground elm two or two. On the three flavors, pounding sieves, honey pills are as large as marbles. Take one pill per serving, one liter of water, fry five, go to the bottom, and serve warmly. ("Ancient and Modern Recordings")
(8) Cure children's sore rashes, not cold, but irritable, urine is astringent, thirsty, or red spots: rhinoceros horn (pound), licorice (hot) each half two, windproof two two, skullcap half two. The top is coarsely chopped. Copy three dollars per serving, a lamp of water, fry until seven points, remove the slag and serve warmly, regardless of the time. ("Miracle Cure" Rhino horn scatter)
(9) Cure children with eclampsia and ignorance, confusion, tongue chewing, and looking up: rhinoceros horns at the end of the half-money dagger, water two big combination, serve it. (Guangli Fang)
(10) Cure erysipelas in children, wandering all over the body, wind and heat irritability and anger: burdock (fried), wattle mustard, windproof, skullcap each one dollar, rhino horn five dollars, raw licorice five points. Serve fried in water. Paste it with slices of refined beef for external use, and replace them with dry ones. ("Odd Fang Class" Rhinoceros Horn Disinfectant Drink)
(11) Cure fever throat redness, sores in the mouth, can not be eaten: rhinoceros crumbs one or two Sichuan cohosh one or two, Sichuan rhubarb (filed, slightly fried) one or two, horse tooth nitrate half two, yellow cedar (file) half two, skullcap one or two. On the medicine pounding sieve for scattering, take four large cups of water, fry until a large cup, go to the decanter, add honey to the triad and sum, fry one or two boils, let warm, slowly swallow. ("Shenghuifang" rhinoceros horn frying)
(12) Cure eye swelling and pain: the end of the rhino horn is two halves, the Qin Gang (to remove seedlings, soil) two or two, huanglian (to remove whiskers), talc (crushed), horse tooth salt one or two each, almonds (soup dipping, peeling tip, double kernels, oil out) half two. On the six flavors, mashed into the end, and evenly, with sugar water into a medicinal boiling into a paste, each with soap large, boiling soup washed. (The General Records of Saint Francis, Rhinoceros Horn Cream)
(13) Cure gangrene: drink rhinoceros horn juice. (A Thousand Golden Fangs)
Each family discusses (1) "Outline": "Rhinoceros horn, foot Yang Ming medicine also." The stomach is the sea of the valley of water, and the dietary medicine must be received first, so the rhino horn can solve all poisons. All the internal organs are in the stomach, the wind is evil and hot and poisonous, and it must be dried first, so the rhino horn can cure all kinds of blood and the evidence of frightening spots. "
(2) "Materia Medica": "Rhino horns, nowadays people use vomiting blood, blood, blood, typhoid fever to store blood and make wild rumors, yellowing, spots, sores dense and hot extremely black depression, etc., all of which are taken from the stomach into the heart, the dispersion of evil and heat, the cool blood detoxification and detoxification of the ear." "
(3) "Materia Medica": "Rhinoceros horn, sexual rise and good dispersion, so cure typhoid fever poison closed table, hot and drowsy and sweat can not be solved." The sharpened tip is inserted into the medicine, and the sweat is taken as quickly as in response. Zhongjingyun: If there is no rhino horn, the person who replaces it with cohosh is in this way that both things are entering the Yang Ming, and the work is scattered, and the present person cannot understand it. Every doubt is that he knows the relief of the rhinoceros horn, but does not know that the rhino horn can rise and disperse, especially the speed of cohosh. If the qi is weak, the pulse is thin and unfocused, and the acne is bloody, and the true yin is insufficient, etc., those who are afraid of sweat, cold, and scattering should be afraid. Or as a last resort, it should be used with supplements. "
(4) "Benjing Fengyuan": "Rhino horn, cure vomiting blood, blood in the blood, blood in the stool, rhinoceros horn yellow soup as a special medicine." If you suffer from qi deficiency for a long time, it is forbidden to dissipate blood qi with its energy consumption. It is especially necessary for those who are full of blood fever and poison in acne; but at the time of six or seven days of grouting, it is forbidden to cut and suppurate as water; and the residual poisonous carbuncle after scabs is not taboo; but the acne that is full of qi and poison must not be committed. "
Excerpt from the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine