Citrus is one of the favorite fruits of the majority of consumers. It has been cultivated in China for more than 4,000 years and is a veritable "elderly" fruit. Ancient poetry has clouds: round like beads, color like Dan. He can break through the same share and eat, and he is not ashamed of Dongting Mountain. It depicts the "famous family" in the fruit - citrus.
It is called a famous family because the citrus family is really large and is constantly expanding. Oranges, grapefruit, oranges, grapefruit, lemons, lime, ugly oranges, kumquats, etc. are among them.
And this huge family has only 3 ancestors, citron, orange and grapefruit! Through hybridization, the three produce new varieties, and new varieties cross with each other or with the former, and continue to produce new varieties. Any two citrus varieties hybridize with the potential to make a new variety that has an impact on the world! In recent years, the more popular citrus varieties such as "Unknown Fire" and "Harumi" are also new varieties produced through hybridization!
Such a free-spirited citrus family also has natural enemies!
Its appearance once made the citrus that was "round like a bead, as colorful as Dan" fall into the "mortal world", and fell to the !!! before it was ripe. It is the orange small fruit fly, why does it have such a great ability? This has to start with its characteristics.
Adult orange fly
Reducing production and income will also bring "psychological shadows"!
Orange small fruit fly, also known as oriental fruit fly, fruit maggots, needle bees, etc., belongs to the order Diptera, fruit flies, with larvae to eat fruit, resulting in fruit rot or unripe first yellow and fall, the occurrence of serious regional yield loss of up to 90%, and even no harvest; its harmful characteristics make the fruit surface look intact, but a closer look can find worm holes, so that the quality of the fruit is seriously damaged.
Bring psychological shadows to consumers, eat citrus with orange small fruit flies, and cause panic in psychology. Surveys have shown that after consumers buy citrus with orange flies, they will not continue to buy it for a sales season, which has a serious negative impact on the entire citrus market and makes the fruit industry consumer market sluggish.
Orange small fruit fly hazard
It is difficult to prevent and treat, and the fruit farmers have headaches
1. Since the orange small fruit fly larvae are a latent insect pest, once it is drilled into the fruit for food, it is difficult to achieve the desired effect of ordinary spraying control; and chemical control will also cause some environmental and food safety problems. It is recommended to use attractant products combined with supporting traps, which can monitor the population dynamics of orange small fruit flies, grasp the occurrence rules, find the appropriate timing of application, and avoid blind medication.
2. Adult insects have strong activity ability, and the flight distance can generally reach 6.5 to 8.0 km, the maximum flight can reach 46.16 km, and the diffusion distance in the orchard can generally reach more than 2 km. Spraying liquid insecticidal effect is poor.
3. The orange fruit fly has a liking for the selection of host species and maturity, and transfers the host hazard with the maturity of different host species. When the fruit tends to ripen, the orange small fruit fly occurs the most seriously, and at this time, the spraying will inevitably affect the marketing of the fruit, if the medicine is not sprayed, the yield and quality will be greatly reduced, which is a headache for the fruit farmers!
4. Generational overlap is serious, with many algebras and large cardinalities. Orange small fruit fly in the southern orchard is seriously harmful, short development cycle, strong reproductive ability, serious insect age differentiation, pupae, larva and eggs are hidden, resulting in difficulties in prevention and control, can be combined with other agricultural control, biological control, physical prevention and control to effectively reduce the harm.
Quarantine pests in China, the harm is widespread!
In 2007, the orange fly was included in the "List of Quarantine Pests of Imported Plants of the People's Republic of China", and is currently distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou and other Yangtze River basins and areas south of the country. The "polyphagous nature" of the orange fruit fly also affects more than 250 kinds of fruits and vegetables in more than 40 families, such as mangoes, bananas, guavas and pears, in addition to citrus.
The orange fly harms a variety of fruits
First, the identification characteristics of the orange small fruit fly
1. Adults: 7 to 8 mm long, transparent wings, yellow-brown wing veins. Dark black and yellow all over. The back of the thorax is mostly black, but the yellow "U" markings are very pronounced. The abdomen is yellow, with a black transverse band on the back of sections 1 and 2, and a black longitudinal band in the center from section 3 to the ventral end, forming a distinct "T" shaped marking. The female worm has developed oviducts and consists of 3 segments.
Orange fly male (top) and female (bottom)
2. Egg: fusiform, about 1 mm long, about 0.1 mm wide, milky white.
3. Larvae: maggot-shaped, thin head, thick tail, composed of 11 solitary nodes of varying sizes. Larval stages – generally divided into 3 instars, l to 2 instar larvae do not bounce. 3-year-old mature larvae will bounce from the host fruit to pupate.
Orange small fruit fly larvae
4. Pupa: it is a pupa, oval, about 5 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, and is pale yellow when pupae is first dissolved, and then gradually becomes reddish brown. The old mature larvae bounce into the soil layer for 2 to 5 cm to neutralize pupae.
Second, the law of occurrence
1. Spikes occur
After the fruit changes color, the number of insect populations rises sharply, and in the southern region, it begins to enter the peak of the epidemic in May. Generally, May to July is mainly harmful peach, plum, mango, guava, August to September is mainly harmful to grapefruit, Wenzhou orange, Nanfeng orange, September to November is mainly harmful to Nanfeng honey orange, sand sugar orange, kumquat, starfruit, Shatian grapefruit, October to December for harm to kumquat, sand sugar orange, sweet orange, Taiwan jujube and so on.
2. Lifestyle habits
It can feather adults throughout the day, with the most abundant feathering from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. The feathered adult worms first crawl to a cool place to rest for 2 to 3 h, and then begin to fly or feed after the wings are fully expanded and the body color and wing spots are fully revealed. In the field, adults prefer to feed in the morning, mainly feeding on the nectar secreted by the female adult oviduct stabs the host fruit or the naturally injured fruit, and the nectar secreted by some plants.
3. Algebraic and overwintering occurs
Multiple generations occur in a year, and the annual generational differences in different regions are large, the generations overlap, and the insect age differentiation is serious. Orange fruit fly occurs in the most suitable area for 3 to 5 generations per year, almost no overwintering phenomenon; in more suitable areas occurs 2 to 3 generations per year, with pupae overwintering in the soil; in the sub-suitable area occurs 1 generation per year, but can not overwinter; in areas that may be suitable, orange small fruit fly can complete generational development, but can not overwinter; in non-suitable areas, orange small fruit fly can not complete generational development.
Multiple control techniques to save orchard yields!
1. Agricultural control
Bagging technique is used to reduce the spawning rate of orange fruit flies on the fruit. During the ripening period, the fallen and rotten fruits in the field are removed in time, and the affected fruits are buried in a soil pit of more than 50 cm, and the soil is covered tightly.
2. Physical prevention and control
The use of orange small fruit fly attractant monitoring guidance and prevention, the use of orange small fruit fly preference for yellow, the use of yellow armyworm board trap, and the use of orange small fruit fly in the development of the maturity of the need to supplement small molecule protein characteristics of food traps.
3. Biological control
At present, the more mature natural enemy product of the orange small real fly is the Alishan submarine fly cocoon bee.
4. Chemical control
In the adult bloom period, the canopy is sprayed with low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides in combination with physical and biological control methods; from the beginning of fruit discoloration to the end of harvesting.
Although the fly is small, it is a fierce character! If you want a good harvest of fruit, you must do a good job in all-round prevention and control measures, wait in a strict position, and eliminate it