Turtles, also known as footfish, dough fish or turtles, are amphibians and reptiles. Turtle meat is high in nutritional and economic value, containing up to 45% protein, and is rich in vitamins and minerals, which is one of the supplements. The carapace, bone, fat, blood, head and neck of turtles are all valuable medicinal herbs. Therefore, the development of artificially farmed turtles can not only increase economic income, but also exchange a large amount of foreign exchange for the country.
First, the life habits of turtles
Turtles are cold-blooded animals, life is quiet and afraid of surprise, xiyang is afraid of the wind, and xijie is afraid of dirty. "Spring water on the beach, summer hot willow shade dive." Autumn is cold into the cave, winter is cold to drill deep pools." The most suitable water temperature for turtle life is 15 to 17 °C, and in April to May of each year, when the water temperature rises above 10 °C, the turtle begins to move out of the water. From April to November, the growth activity period of turtles is the most frequent. From late November to April is the hibernation period for turtles; when the water temperature drops below 10°C, the turtles dive into the mud and sand to overwinter. May to August is the breeding season for turtles, 5 to 6 years old turtles can achieve sexual maturity, sexual maturity of turtles, when the water temperature rises to 20 ° C can be mated. The diet of turtles is very mixed, but it is mainly based on carnivorous food, and likes to eat animal feed such as field snails, river shrimp, and small fish.
Second, the main points of the feeding technology of turtles
1. The construction of breeding ponds should be built in places with good sunshine and a relatively quiet environment. The area of the pond should not be too large, the collective breeding is between 1 and 2 acres, and the family breeding can be smaller. The depth of the pond is about 2 meters, from the pond to the shore into a slope, the slope is 1:3, the slope width is about 2 meters, and supplemented by sediment about 15 cm thickness, a certain number of weeds and shrubs are cultivated for turtles to spawn. The pool must be paved with a shiny wall of masonry to prevent turtles from escaping. The bottom of the pond is cement that should be covered with about 20 to 30 cm of soft mud for turtles to lurk in winter. The water depth in the pool should always be 40 to 60 cm. Turtle ponds can be converted from old fish ponds or mixed with domestic fish, and wooden planks should be placed in the pond for turtles to rest and feed.
2. When raising small turtle fry into adult turtles, they should be raised in separate ponds according to their size to avoid large turtles from swallowing small turtles. The feeding density of turtles is generally 1 square meter, stocking 20 to 30 1-year-old turtles, 7-20 2-year-old turtles, 3-5 3-year-old turtles, and 1-3 4-5 year old turtles. Turtles are miscellaneous, the feed requirements are not high, small fish, shrimp, earthworms, snails, pumpkins, wild vegetables, corn, animal offal and carcasses and slaughterhouse scraps can be used as feed. Feeding twice a day, once in the morning and once at noon, the amount of dry bait feeding should be 2 to 5% of the body weight of the turtle, the wet fresh bait should be increased to 15% of the turtle weight, the water temperature is between 15 and 34 ° C, the turtle swallows actively, grows rapidly, and should be fed enough bait. The specific feeding amount should be flexibly increased or decreased according to the eating situation of the turtle.
3. Prevention and control of diseases and predators
Turtles are highly adaptable, more resistant to diseases, and less common diseases. However, within 2 to 3 months after hatching, small turtles are prone to disease, the mortality rate is very high, and common diseases are:
1. Acute enteritis newborn turtles are particularly delicate and extraordinarily foraging, and if they live in an unclean environment, they are prone to disease. The main symptom is inflammation of the lining of the intestine, adhesions of the intestines, and a foul odor. Treatment can first be with 1% potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the small turtle, and then with garlic and tetracycline mixed into the feed feed feeding, the drug dosage ratio accounts for more than 1/1000 of the feed amount.
2. Small turtles with broken epidermis are prone to bite each other and cause injuries, thus being infected by aquatic microorganisms. During prevention and control, the stocking density can be properly controlled, the pond water can be disinfected regularly, and one in 10,000 formalin can be used for injured turtles.
3. Dorsal swelling disease and swollen neck disease are fed with antibiotics or furacillin mixed into the feed.
4. Bell parasitic disease should be bathed with 8 parts per million copper sulfate solution or 20 percent potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes.