Point one or two: raise sheep in mountainous areas, correctly understand and efficiently prevent and control sheep intestinal parasitic diseases

Point one or two: raise sheep in mountainous areas, correctly understand and efficiently prevent and control sheep intestinal parasitic diseases

Sheep intestinal parasites (sheep intestinal worms) refer to the blood spear nematode, gastric nematodes, flagellar, roundworm and other migratory parasites that mainly inhabit the stomach and intestines of animals, which can cause anemia, pallor, emaciation, damp heat diarrhea or diarrhea in sheep, gastrointestinal catarrhal inflammation and other lesions. The disease is more common in free-range households in the vast agricultural and pastoral areas, focusing on endangering young lambs, and the comprehensive incidence and mortality rate are high. Adult sheep infected with this disease have a certain resistance, the comprehensive incidence is high, the fatality rate is relatively low, but it can lead to the growth and development of sheep inhibition, the body's immunity declines, the ratio of material to meat declines, breeding benefits are greatly discounted. Therefore, modern large-scale and moderate-scale sheep farms must attach great importance to the prevention and control of sheep intestinal helminthiasis.

About pathogens

The bullseye lesion of sheep intestinal worms is a key part of the stomach and intestine that plays a role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which can cause inflammation, edema, congestion or bleeding, ulcerative erosion, necrosis and shedding of the epidermal mucosa of the stomach and the lining of the intestine, and thus cause secondary (or concurrent) infection to aggravate the disease, which shows that the disease is also a strong immunosuppressive disease. Sheep intestinal worms are hypoallergenic or insensitive to various antibiotics, and the use of antibiotics in the clinical treatment of this disease is mainly to control secondary (or concurrent) infections symptomatically; its reproduction process includes two periods of life history, body, inside and outside, so the history area and pathogenesis of the disease have a large risk of compounding the disease; under the condition of removing the carrier of organic matter such as manure and bedding, routine disinfection, continuous drying, continuous high temperature, Continuous sunlight (including ultraviolet rays) has a good antiseptic effect, large-scale farms in the use of effective antimicrobial means while adhering to more than half a year of recuperation period, can be a large number of pathogens in the breeding environment to kill a large number of pathogens; the traditional anti-intestinal helminth preparations include imidazole propithiazole, tetraimidazole, levamisole, thiazole, mebenzole, etc., the author combined with long-term clinical practice believes that the above preparations can be used as the choice of drugs for routine deworming in the history field, but the symptomatic treatment of onset sheep recommends high-purity avermectin or ivermectin compound preparations, In clinical practice, the high-purity preparation has a better killing effect on a variety of in vivo and foreign parasites in sheep.

About the manifestation of symptoms

The clinical symptoms of this disease vary from sheep to sheep, and are greatly affected by unfavorable factors such as breeding environmental conditions, feeding management level, and nutritional status. (1) Young lambs (1-30 days old). The rumination function of lambs within 30 days of age has not yet been established, and its infection with intestinal worms is mainly due to the increase of the lamb's ability to move and expand the range of activities, and its involuntary licking of various dirt in the environment increases the risk of parasitic infection. Symptoms include wet and hot diarrhea or severe diarrhea in the onset lamb, perianal (tail) often sticking to feces, rapid dehydration, anemia and emaciation of the body, rough and inverted by hair and dullness, mental depression, often isolated and alone, comatose and drowsy. In the early stage of the disease, the lamb still has a certain appetite, but with the secondary (concurrent) infection aggravating the disease gradually deteriorates until the appetite is completely abolished, the sick lamb immediately has multi-organ failure, severe neurological symptoms, etc., and the sick lambs die of exhaustion in a short period of time, and the fatality rate is as high as 50%. (2) Nursery lambs (31-60 days old). The rumination function of the nursery lamb is basically established and sound, and it can self-feed a small amount of fresh and tender crude fibrous feed that is easy to digest, and it is easy to cause various parasitic infections due to licking the environment and ingesting unclean dietary sources at this stage. At this stage, the body resistance of lambs has been enhanced, the symptoms of young lambs are mild when infected with intestinal worms, the appetite of lambs is basically normal or slightly decayed, most of them are manifested as damp and hot diarrhea (thin), occasional bloody stool, the tail is often glued to feces, the coat is coarse and the luster is dull, and the body is gradually emaciated. During the period, sensitive anti-parasitic preparations and antibiotics are used in time to provide symptomatic treatment, strengthen refined feeding management, and generally recover after about 1 week, and the case fatality rate is relatively low (about 10%). (3) Fattening sheep (after 60 days of age). The digestive system of fattening sheep is gradually developed and perfected, with the rumination function being established and perfected as the demarcation point, the feed of fattening sheep has changed from mainly breast milk and concentrate to crude fibrous feed, and sheep at this stage are mainly infected with parasitic diseases by eating unclean dietary sources. Early infection of gastrointestinal worms in fattening sheep generally has no obvious symptoms, only a few cases of damp and hot diarrhea or mild diarrhea, and the appetite of sick sheep is basically normal. In the middle and late stages of the disease, there are gradual physical wasting and anemia, indigestion (including rumination), coarse hair, thin stool, bloody feces, and live parasites and eggs in the stool. Indigestion and malnutrition are common symptoms of intestinal worm infection in fattening sheep. Due to the strong resistance of adult sheep, there are generally fewer deaths in the absence of serious secondary (concurrent) infections, and the fatality rate of fattening sheep infected with intestinal worms is about 4%.

Popular features

All sheep are susceptible, but the focus is on endangering young lambs, young lambs infected with the disease symptoms are the most obvious and the highest fatality rate, adult sheep infection with this disease is mostly chronic, consumptive process, the fatality rate is low but seriously affects the comprehensive breeding benefits. The disease is perennial, but the highest incidence is the spring and summer with higher temperature and large air humidity during the year, one of the reasons is that during this period, intermediate vectors such as "four pests" and body surface parasites multiply in large quantities and widely spread pathogens. The main source of infection of this disease is the disease animals, people infected with intestinal worms and other animals, including dietary sources and utensils contaminated by pathogens (live worms, worm eggs, segments), etc. are also potential sources of infection, so there is a great risk of recurrence of historical diseases and the risk of circulating re-infection in the history field. Transmission routes are mainly gastrointestinal ingestion infections, but also through the respiratory tract, damaged epidermal and mucosal tissues, blood circulation (in vitro with protosite bites) and other ways to invade the infection. After being verified by modern practice, the implementation of the high-bed (floor-type fence) sheep breeding model and the realization of "livestock-fecal separation" are effective in reducing the incidence of infection of the disease.

Prevention and control measures

First, protect highly sensitive and susceptible animals. Special houses raise pre-birth ewes and newborn lambs, strictly clean and disinfect the lambing house before childbirth, pay attention to the cleaning of the nipples of nursing ewes after childbirth, prevent newborn lambs from eating pathogens, and in principle, it should be prohibited to use the disease-inducing house as a birth house and a breeding house. As far as possible, professionals should implement professional care for lambs, ensure that newborn lambs eat enough colostrum, strengthen scientific feeding management, and maintain good neatness and health are of great significance to reduce the risk of infection.

Second, environmental control. The incidence field and the medical history field must implement the "all in, all out" system management at the end of the breeding period, "all out" after the clearance of the whole field thoroughly cleaned and cleaned, disinfected and extinguished the source, the removed manure, bedding, etc. should be harmlessly disposed of according to regulations, and the relevant equipment and utensils in the sheep farm (house) should also be cleaned, disinfected, dried and prepared, the whole field should be disinfected at least 3 times or more and dried for backup, it is recommended to adhere to at least half a year of rest period, which is crucial to reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease. The breeding process prohibits the random mixing of purchased commercial sheep, or the random mixing of sheep from different sources, day-old age (growth stage), sex, and use (breeding, meat), because random herding and high-density stocking sheep on the same unit area will only increase the risk of infection indefinitely. Once a suspected case is found in a sheep house, isolation and treatment measures should be taken immediately, the sheep during the rehabilitation treatment period should be raised in a special house, the sick sheep that have not healed are prohibited from being mixed with the healthy group, and the primary disease house should be cleaned and disinfected, and the pathogenic pollutants such as manure and bedding in the house should be harmlessly disposed of according to the system. In the spring and summer, summer and autumn, the "four pests" and the in vivo and foreign parasites multiply and multiply in large quantities, and attention should be paid to the elimination of the "four pests" and the planned deworming work.

Third, drug symptomatic control. The author recommends that the experience of self-efficacy prevention and control be as follows: (1) self-propagating and self-cultivation farms, the first deworming at 30-40 days of age; the second deworming at 90-100 days of age; the targeted repulsion of intestinal worms can be selected for propethiaziumazole (aka: anti-helminthiasis, 5mg/kg) or levamisole (10mg/kg) disposable internal administration. (2) Old sheep farms and multi-batch sheep farms are recommended to be dewormed at least once in spring and autumn; the same adult flock (fattening sheep) that implements captivity all year round adopts high-purity avermectin or ivermectin to deworm the whole group once/ year, uses propionhiimidazole or levamisole to deworm the whole group of insects twice / year, uses nicloclophenol to deworm the whole group (1 time in spring and autumn), and uses the whole group of pycnone to deworm 1 time / year (at the beginning of the year or in the middle of the year). (3) Adjuvant treatment, after feeding antiparasitic drugs to sheep, it is recommended to use cattle and sheep special gastric dispersion, gastrointestinal activity, hawthorn appetizer dispersion, Jianqu and other Chinese herbal powders with appetizing spleen, detoxification and detoxification effects of the whole group of mixing ingredients to reduce the burden of liver and kidneys, alleviate the irritation damage of the deworming agent on the digestive tract, and promote the sheep to restore normal appetite as soon as possible; or the use of "compound amino acid oral liquid" internal administration (filling / mixed drinking) The effect of tonic and synergistic effect is also quite obvious.