Speaking of Zhuge Liang's First Northern Expedition, most people can remember the famous Master's Table and Ma Ji's Lost Street Pavilion. Sighing that Zhuge Cheng xiangxing's dream of reviving the Han Room had not yet been realized, he passed away, and died before he could succeed in his life, which made the hero cry. Most people think that Ma Ji suffered himself in the street pavilion and caused the failure of the Northern Expedition of the Shu Army, here I will carefully sort out the process for your reference.
Statue of Zhuge Liang
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the first Northern Expedition</h1>
In the spring of 228 AD, the Han army prepared for the Northern Expedition. The Governor Qianbu, Sima Xiang, and Liangzhou Assassin Shi Weiyan proposed the plan of meridian valley. It was suggested that Wei Yan himself lead five thousand elite troops, directly out of The Chu, along the Qin Mountains to the east, when the meridian to the north, before and after ten days can march to Chang'an. The Wei general Xiahou Shu, who was guarding Chang'an, was cowardly and unscrupulous, "If you hear that you are dying, you will flee by boat", and Chang'an is within reach. The State of Wei gathered an army "for twenty days", and Zhuge Liang's army could take the opportunity to "come from the Xie Valley, it will be enough to reach". In this way, the west of Chang'an can be pacified in one fell swoop.
Map of the First Northern Expedition
However, Zhuge Liang believed that there were too many unstable factors in this plan, and it might not be so smooth, and once it failed, it would be in a dilemma, and in the end Zhuge Liang chose "An Congtan Dao, you can take the Long Right flat, and you will be able to conquer it without worry", and established the strategy of attacking the Long Right first as an offensive springboard.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang sent the Zhendong general Zhao Yun and the Yangwu general Deng Zhi to lead an army and horses as suspects, and Jigu posed a situation to attack The city from the north of Xiegu Road to attract the Wei army. Cao Rui ordered Cao Zhendu to supervise the right armies and go to defend against Zhao Yun. Zhuge Liang personally led the main force to attack Qishan.
Because the State of Wei was defenseless in advance, zhuge Liang suddenly led a large army to kill, resulting in the three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui, and Anding on the right side of Longyou unable to resist, Tianshui, Nan'an Taishou even abandoned the defensive city and fled east, the Wei state of Tianshui shou jiang wei, Liang Xu, Yin Xiang, Shangguan Yan and others surrendered to Zhuge Liang, and the Yongzhou assassin Shi Guohuai retreated to Shangyi to wait for help. In an instant, three of the five counties of Longyou (Longxi, Nan'an, Tianshui, Guangwei, and Anding) surrendered to Zhuge Liang, but only Guangwei County and Longxi County refused to surrender. Longxi Commandery Taishou Youchu resolutely resisted. The entire imperial court of Cao Wei was "fearful of the government and the opposition".
Ancient Tianshui
Just as Zhuge Liang led the Han army all the way to sing triumphant songs, at the time of the Long Right Attack on the city, the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, who was far away in Luoyang, rushed to the rescue and personally went to Chang'an to sit in the town, sending the general Cao Zhen to Defend Zhao Yun in Yi County, Zhang Gao led his army to resist Zhuge Liang, and Cao Wei Liangzhou assassin Shi Xu Miao also sent an army to counterattack Nan'an County with Jincheng Taishou.
Zhuge Liang knew that Zhang Guo was a famous general of Wei, and this time he led his army to come to the street pavilion where the Han army was throated. When Zhuge Liang was about to send a general to guard the street pavilion, he overheard the request of the soldier Ma Mo to lead an army to the Han army's throat to guard the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang ruled out the doubts of the other generals and promoted Ma Mo to guard against Hanzhong.
Ma Mo was Zhuge Liang's confidant, and Zhuge Liang was afraid that Ma Mo would lose his horse and the street pavilion would be lost. He repeatedly told Ma Mo about the importance of the street kiosks to the Han army and the deployment of the town guard street kiosks, and asked Ma Mo to immediately draw up the geographical map of the mountains and rivers of the street kiosks and the location of the camp and the village after they arrived at the street pavilions. Zhuge Liang also sent the general Wang Ping as Ma Mo's deputy general to assist Ma Mo in guarding the street pavilion. Just in case Zhuge Liang ordered Gao Xiang to lead an army to garrison Leliu City, north of Linwei and to the left of the street pavilion, to meet Ma Chen. He also ordered Wei Yan to lead an army to receive Ma Chen in the valley to the right of the street pavilion.
As Zhuge Liang expected, Zhang Hao indeed led a large army to take the street pavilion. However, Ma Mo did not follow the deployment arranged by Zhuge Liang before the dispatch, nor did heed the persuasion of the deputy general Wang Ping. Insisting on putting the army on a lonely mountain, not in the dangerous place. So much so that it was surrounded by Zhang Gao's rate on the mountain.
Street pavilion hill
Zhang Gao sent people to cut off the Han army's water source. The Han army fell into civil unrest due to lack of water, and Ma Mo abandoned the army and fled. Zhang Gao took advantage of the situation to attack, and the Han army was defeated, and the street pavilion was lost.
Only Wang Ping led a thousand people and sounded the drum to defend himself. Zhang Gao also suspected that the Han army had ambush troops and did not pursue them. So Wang Ping gathered his scattered army and retreated to Zhuge Liang's army. Gao Xiang's army at Lieliu City was again attacked by Guo Huai. Wei Yan was blocked in the valley by Zhang Gao and could not advance. In order to avoid being encircled, Gao Xiang and Wei Yan both retreated from their respective forces.
At the same time, Zhao Yun also sent troops at the Chu Chu Dao, and was repulsed by Cao Zhen, who immediately led his army north to attack Anding County, which surrendered to Shu Han.
The street kiosk was lost, and the Shu army lost all favorable situations. Zhuge Liang took more than a thousand homes in XiXian County, and then led his troops back to Hanzhong.
Back in Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang imprisoned Ma Mo, who had escaped from the battlefield and abandoned his soldiers. I had to "thank the public with a curse." Shang Shu said: "The subject is weak in talent, stealing from the evidence, pro-Bingxu is strong in the three armies, cannot train the rules and the law, and is afraid of the situation, to the point where there is a street pavilion that disobeys the order, and the loss of Migu's lack of discipline is blamed on the minister's appointment." The minister does not know the people, the compassion is more than min, the spring and autumn are responsible for the marshal, and the minister's position is dang. Please demote yourself to the third rank to blame. "So Liang made him the right general, and he did things like this, and the president was the same as before.
Zhuge Liang, in order to take the Fa seriously, beheaded Ma Mo. Wang Ping was promoted for his advice. Zhuge Liang himself still wrote to himself to degrade himself to the third class, and made self-criticism, which Liu Chan accepted, but still ordered Zhuge Liang to act as a right general. After the Han army withdrew, Cao Zhen and Zhang Gao quickly pacified the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an, and Anding.
At the end of the first Northern Expedition, shu Han's strategy failed, the land of Long right was not captured, and it was defeated in the street pavilion, with a large loss of troop strength and logistical materials, and the loss of the ability to fight for a long time, resulting in the subsequent Northern Expeditions finally being empty, and the goal of competing for long right was no longer achieved, thus losing the opportunity to dominate the world!
Autumn Wind Gojohara
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the strategy of the Northern Expedition</h1>
First take the long right and then take the guanzhong
1. The Shu Han state was weak, the national strength was only one-tenth of Cao Wei's, it was impossible to have the conditions to eat Guanzhong in one bite, even if the initial battle captured Chang'an, as an important western barrier for Cao Wei's capital Luoyang, Cao Wei would fight with the army of the country. When the Cao Wei army approached Chang'an, Shu Han would still withdraw its troops. The Battle of Chang'an was a useless battle that outweighed the losses.
2. The land of the Guanzhong Plain, where there is no danger to defend, will inevitably form a tug-of-war, the disparity in strength between the two sides is abnormal, and the Shu army has few soldiers, and it must not be Cao Wei's opponent.
3． The Han army's grain transportation was dangerous and far away, and it was difficult to resist. If Chang'an was firmly held and the Wei army cut off the Xiegu Road and other places, then the logistics supply of the Shu Han army would be problematic, and once there was a shortage of grain and grass, the Shu Han army would surely collapse without a fight.
4． Longyou is a place of victory over solidity, bordering the Qinling Mountains and shu Han in the south, the Hexi Corridor in the west, the Yellow River in the north, and the Longshan Mountains in the east. In particular, Longshan, bordering Weishui in the south and the Yellow River in the north, stretches for hundreds of miles, separating Longyou from Guanzhong and is a natural barrier against Cao Wei's counterattack. Because Longyou had this advantage, he could send troops to defend the passes of Longshan after taking advantage of the false conquest to block Cao Wei's attack, so that the west of Longshan could be broken.
5． Longyou is rich in horses. Occupying the right side of Longyi can obtain horses and organize the training of cavalry, so that the flexibility and mobility of the Han army on the battlefield are greatly improved, and there is no danger of restraint of the troops. Moreover, most of the military horses of Cao Wei's cavalry were obtained from Longyou, and once the Shu army occupied Longyou, then Cao Wei's cavalry strength would be greatly weakened!
6． Longyou has a flat terrain and is suitable for large areas of tun tian grain harvesting! After the Han army occupied Longyou, it was no longer necessary to transport grain from the Shu land to wade through the mountains and waters! It can greatly save manpower, material resources and financial resources.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > street kiosk twist: Ma Ji was defeated</h1>
First of all, Ma Ji is not an incompetent person!
Some people were influenced by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and from the loss of Ma Ji street pavilions to the failure of Zhuge Cheng Xiang's first Northern Expedition, it is easy to conclude that Ma Ji has his own appearance and is useless.
The other part starts with the comment of the ancestors on Ma Ji, "exaggerated, not useful" . It is said that Liu Bei has long seen Ma Ji's level and is an incompetent person.
Is this really the case?
1. Chen Shou said that there are five Ma brothers and have a talented name. In ancient times, when information was not disseminated smoothly, talent was not outstanding, and outsiders would not know it at all. It shows that Ma Ji had a talent performance before he became a soldier.
Second, Ma Mo followed Liu Bei into Shu, and after occupying Yizhou, he successively served as mianzhu county order, Chengdu county order, and Yue Yue Taishou. In particular, the Chengdu County Order, who can govern at the feet of Tianzi, has nothing to do with itself. Moreover, officials are all evaluated for performance, and can be promoted from county orders to taishou, indicating that the evaluation of superiors is also recognized. This is all proof of Ma Ji's talent.
Third, Zhuge Liang's southern conquest of Meng, seven captures and seven columns is Ma Ji's suggestion.
Ma Mo said: "Nanzhong relies on the dangerous terrain and the long distance, and the rebellion has been disobedient for a long time. Even if we defeat it today, tomorrow they will rebel. At present, you are preparing to concentrate the strength of the whole country on the Northern Expedition to deal with the strong thieves. The rebels, knowing the emptiness within the state, will accelerate the rebellion. If they were all killed to get rid of the troubles, it would not be the work of the benevolent, nor would it be possible to do so in a short period of time. The principle of fighting with troops is to attack the heart first and the siege of the city as the bottom; psychological warfare as the top, to short soldiers as the bottom, I hope you can make it truly obedient. ”
This suggestion was adopted and implemented by Zhuge Liang, and the effect was first-class. This shows that Ma Ji has the ability to find the key to the problem, and it is also a manifestation of his military ability.
Next, let's talk about the Battle of the Street Pavilion and the performance of Ma Ji. The background of the occurrence of Jieting was that Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition had successfully captured the three counties of Longyou, and Zhang Guo's army attacked its rear road, intending to cut off the grain route of the Shu army. At this time, Zhuge Cheng sent Ma Ji as the main force, with Wang Ping as the supplement, and insisted on sticking to the street pavilion. The street kiosks are dangerous and difficult to defend. As long as the street pavilion was in hand, the logistics of the Shu army would not be a problem, and it was only natural to lay siege to The Long right Guangwei Group and the Longxi Group to occupy Yongzhou, and it was only natural to attack Liangzhou. After getting Yongzhou Liangzhou, the Guanzhong area is the stuff in the bag, and it is still in the old capital, and the Revival han room is just around the corner.
The fact is that Ma Ji is bent on going his own way and does not listen to Wang Ping's advice, and the garrison is on the mountain, and Wang Ping garrisons the foot of the mountain. Zhang Gao attacked Ma Ji's army and attacked Wang Ping without victory. Note that the attack on Wang Ping was not victorious, and a small number of Wang Ping's troops defended the camp, indicating that Zhang Gao's army was not particularly strong in combat. Ma Ji's main force was defeated. In fact, there is a key point in this side, that is, he disobeyed Zhuge Liang's orders.
Zhuge Liang ordered Ma Ji to stick to the street pavilion, but he pretended to be clever or wanted to show his talents, and arbitrarily changed the insistence to defeat Zhang Guojun. If Zhang Gao was defeated, then the Wei army's mobile troops in the Long right area were lost, and it was unable to compete with the Shu army for the Long right, and it would be good to be able to keep Guanzhong. Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition was victorious, and Nama Ji was undoubtedly the brightest star in this Northern Expedition, just like Huo Fu's disease!
The martial arts cloud he said was like a broken bamboo! He had stationed his troops on the mountain in preparation for crushing Zhang Gao's troops with a single blow. But there was a problem he did not expect, if he fell into the land of death and was born, he would need the soldiers to be very convincing to the general. If he was Zhao Yun, the soldier would follow him down and crush Zhang Guo. But he was not, and his martial courage obviously did not reach the level of Guan Zhang Zhao Ma Huang. Then the soldier was depressed because of the lack of water, and he could not play the role of vanguard. So it led to a breakdown in morale and the defeat of the whole army. If Ma Ji's bravery could convince the soldiers. Then the outcome of the Battle of Jieting is likely to be the defeat of Zhang Gao's army. Of course, history does not assume that Ma Ji paid the price of his life for his self-cleverness, changed the order without authorization, won the battle and could still live, and only died if he lost. And he also turned a low-risk directive into a high-risk one, and he could not atone for his sins in death.
Ma Ji was the culprit of the failure of the street pavilion, and in order to make greater achievements for himself, he buried the great advantages of the Shu army. Moreover, from then on, the State of Wei changed the defensive policy of heavy Wu and light Shu, and the heavy troops blocked out the Shu main road, until the fall of the Shu State, the Shu army never had the opportunity to reach Yongzhou, and completely lost the possibility of unifying the world!
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