Bronze human head wearing a gold mask, sanxingdui museum collection. Courtesy of Visual China
At the excavation site of Sanxingdui site in 2021, pit 3 excavated a bronze statue more than 70 centimeters high. Courtesy of Visual China
Newly unearthed gold masks at the Sanxingdui site (left). Red Star News Wang Mingping/Photo
Editor's Note
The most recent "top stream" may be none other than Sanxingdui. The unpopular archaeology has attracted public attention: the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, sanxingdui museum, etc. jointly launched the electric music divine comedy "How Do I Look So Good" for the "pile pile" that debuted in the C position; the central video launched the "Sanxingdui Excavation" for 10 consecutive days, and the original archaeology can also be "chased".
Chinese civilization from "full of stars" to "stars arching the moon", the ancient Shu civilization is one of the most brilliant and dazzling stars in the era of "full of stars". The Sanxingdui site, first discovered in the late 1920s, is worthy of the title of "turned out", but it has never been without a story. The records of the ancient Shu kingdom in the history books and the archaeological excavations at the Sanxingdui site are mutually corroborating, and are piecing together a leisurely picture of the history of the ancient Shu kingdom for us.
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With the re-excavation of the site and the successive "new" excavations of cultural relics, the archaeology of Sanxingdui has once again attracted the attention of the world, leaving us with the ancient Shu kingdom of Sanxingdui, which is also expected to further unveil the mystery.
For the history of the ancient Shu Kingdom, Li Bai has a recollection of "silkworm bushes and fish, and the founding of the country is dazed" in "Shu Dao Difficulty". In fact, long before the silkworm bush, the land of Bashu had already begun to bloom and rise to the light of civilization. The historical process of the pluralism and integration of the Chinese nation has long since crossed the Bashan Mountains, waded through the Shu River, and made great strides in the exchange and interaction between the ancestors of Bashu and the civilization of the Central Plains.
Silkworm bush fish, the founding of the country at a loss
The ancient Shu kingdom has a long history, the Western Han Dynasty Yangxiong's "Shu King Benji" said that "from the enlightened to the silkworm bush, accumulated 34,000 years old", the Eastern Jin Dynasty Chang Xuan "Huayang Guozhi" has "Shu for the country, the cause of the human emperor" said. In the genealogy of ancient mythology, after Pangu opened the world, there were emperors, earth emperors, and human emperors who successively served as the leaders of tribal alliances, which was the "three emperors" in the most primitive sense.
During the reign of Emperor Ren, the Qiang and other ethnic groups, which were active in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, migrated south along the Hengduan Mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. One of them landed in the minjiang forest valley in present-day Songpan County, Sichuan, and mulberry trees and wild silkworms were found. They observed that the wild silkworm cocoon can dissolve and draw silk, flexibility and comfort are far better than animal fur and plant linen, so they picked up the wild silkworm cocoon to make clothes, becoming the earliest silk-making tribe in the Chinese nation. According to the Shuowen Jiezi, "Shu, Kui (Mulberry) in the silkworm also", Shu is the meaning of wild silkworms, the mountain rich in wild silkworms is Shu Mountain, this tribe is called Shushan Clan. With the spread of civilization, the silk-making technology of the Shushan clan gradually spread to neighboring tribes such as the Xiling clan.
During the Yellow Emperor period, the Xiling and Shushan clans were deeply related to the Central Plains civilization. According to the "Chronicle of History" and "Shiben", the Yellow Emperor once married a woman from the Xiling tribe as a concubine, for the sake of changzu, and the two had two sons, XuanHuo and Changyi. Changzu spread the mother's cocoon stripping and silk extraction technology to the Central Plains, helping the Yellow Emperor to lead the Central Plains tribal alliance to make crowns, thus creating the Chinese clothing and crown civilization.
With the help of the marriage between the Yellow Emperor and Changzu, Sichuan and Zhongyuan were close to each other. Through the introduction of Changzu, Zhongyuan learned that the cocoon-making technology originated from the Shushan clan. Perhaps in order to learn a more complete silk-making technique, the Yellow Emperor also married his son Changyi to a woman named "Chang Servant" of the Shushan clan. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, Changyi and Chang's son Gao Yang succeeded him as the head of the tribal alliance as Emperor Huan. After Emperor Huan ascended the throne, "he was enfeoffed as a member of Shu and became Hou Bo", and the Shushan clan joined the Central Plains tribal alliance.
Shushan's silk making mainly relies on picking up wild silkworm cocoons, and the harvest is small and unstable, and it is not easy to expand the scale of production. Wild silkworms are lonely by nature, and each leaf is set up on a mulberry tree to ensure adequate food. Therefore, Yang Xiong's "Dialect" is "One, Shu Ye, Southern Chu is called the Sole"; "Erya" Yun, "The Lonely, Shu", the Tang Dynasty Kong Yingda notes that "the lonely person of the insect Shu is also called Shu Ye of the lonely person of the mountain".
To forcibly gather together wild silkworms that are accustomed to living alone, utensils are used. Shudi is rich in bamboo, but the original stone knife can only cut bamboo, not split bamboo into pieces. After thousands of years of historical development and technical exploration from Yao Shun to Yu Xia, Zhongyuan finally mastered the bronze smelting technology and entered the Bronze Age. According to the historian Ren Naiqiang, a branch of the Shushan clan learned bronze technology from the Central Plains, made bronze knives, split bamboo into pieces, made fine-eyed bamboo baskets, and used to forcibly gather wild silkworms and gradually domesticate them into silkworms.
"Explanation of Words" says, "Cong, Juye". The branch of the Shushan clan, which has mastered the technique of gathering and raising silkworms, is called the silkworm cong clan. Silkworms spit silk in a stable amount, and the silkworm cong clan can peel the cocoon on a large scale to make silk, and import the silk into the Central Plains to carry out trade. The latest excavation of silk product residues at the Sanxingdui site confirms the development of silkworm reeling technology of the silkworm cong clan.
Earlier than the late Yin Shang period where sanxingdui No. 4 sacrifice pit is located, roughly in the middle of the Yin Shang period, the history of the ancient Shu state developed from the Shushan clan to the silkworm cong clan stage, and the ruling center migrated from the Maowen Basin in the upper reaches of the Min River to the Chengdu Plain. Relying on the economic strength accumulated by the silk trade, the bronze smelting technology of the Silkworm Cong clan was greatly improved, and a large number of exquisite bronzes were produced, creating a bronze civilization comparable to that of Yin Shang. Large bronzes such as the "Bronze Da li renren" and "Bronze Sacred Tree" excavated from the Sanxingdui site prove the superb bronze technology of the ancient Shu state and the development of bronze civilization. According to the Huayang Guozhi, the Silkworm Cong clan "has its longitudinal eyes", which is characterized by the "longitudinal eye", that is, the upward slope of the corner of the eye. The bronze longitudinal human mask found at the Sanxingdui site is an archaeological confirmation of the silkworm cong clan period of the ancient Shu state.
When King Wu was cutting down the Silk Forest, the Silkworm Cong clan led a large army to Makino to assist in the war, and its power expanded to "east of Yuba, south of Yue, north of Qin, and west of Yan'e". During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princely states of the Yellow River Basin, which were deeply united, united under the banner of Zhou Tianzi, strode toward great unification, closer economic and cultural exchanges, and higher comprehensive strength. The land of Bashu, which once competed with the Yin Shang civilization in the Bronze Age, gradually opened up a gap with the Central Plains, and was regarded as a barbaric land, "although it was appointed to the throne, it was not allowed to meet with the Spring and Autumn Alliance", and it was not even eligible to participate in the Alliance of the Central Plains countries; "the monarch and the chief were not on the same track", and the measurement and measurement regulations, political system, and culture were also self-contained.
After the Ping Dynasty moved eastward, and the Zhou Dynasty entered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the "Zhou Lost GangJi", and the control over the various princely states, including the ancient Shu state, weakened, and the Silkworm Cong clan began to claim the title of king. But soon, the clan named Cypress Irrigation Bird briefly replaced the dominance of the Silkworm Cong Clan, and bird-shaped artifacts unearthed from the second phase of the Sanxingdui site reflected the rise of the Cypress Clan. Later, the Yu clan, who were good at domesticating water birds to help catch fish, grew stronger, they liked to fish and hunt, and their fighting ability was strong, defeating the Bai Guan clan and becoming the new king of Shu. The fish pattern ornaments and fish and bird-shaped artifacts excavated in the third phase of the Sanxingdui site confirm the historical fact that the Yu Clan replaced the Bai Guan Clan.
Boil meiji water, look at the emperor Zen Jean
The throne of the Yu clan later passed to Du Yu, who "taught the people to farm" and led the Shu people to develop farming. Du Yu's life is quite legendary, according to the Three Kingdoms Shu Han Laimin's "Treatise on Ben Shu", Du Yu "from the world, women's profits, from Jiangyuan, as Yu's wife, so the king Yu Shu". The Book of the King of Shu also says that Du Yu "fell from heaven". Some scholars speculate that "Female Li" is the queen of the Yu Clan, and Du Yu", who is "from the world" and understands farming, should be from the Central Plains huaxia. Queen Li of Yu saw Du Yu's farming skills and fell in love with him, so she married him and gave up the throne to Du Yu.
After Du Yu became king of the ancient Shu kingdom, he "moved to Rule Piyi, or Zhiqu Shang", and moved the capital to Piyi (in present-day Pidu District, Chengdu) or Qushang (around present-day Shuangliu District, Chengdu). The climate is mild, the rainfall is abundant and the rivers are dense, making it suitable for farming. The Rhododendron City on the northern outskirts of Pidu District is said to be the ruins of the ancient Shu capital city in the Du Yu period. Some scholars believe that the Sanxingdui site may have run through the history of the ancient Shu kingdom from silkworm bush to Du Yu.
The Seven Heroes of the Warring States successively claimed the title of queen, and Du Yu further directly called himself emperor, "Emperor Wang". With the development of agricultural production in the Shu kingdom and the growing strength of the state, Du Yu "regarded himself as a king of merit and merit", and vigorously expanded the scope of his rule in the Chengdu Plain, "with Chu Xie as the front door, Bear's Ears and Lingguan as the rear household, Yulei and Emei as chengguo, Jiang, Qian, Mian, and Luo as chize, Wenshan as the livestock, and Nanzhong as the garden garden", covering the Chengdu Plain, the Western Sichuan Basin, the Hanzhong Plain, and most of Guizhou and Yunnan.
In the later period of Du Yu's reign, the Chengdu Plain flooded the embankment, and Xiangguo enlightened "decided to build the jade mountain to remove water damage". After the opening of the Meiji water worked, Du Yu entrusted all the state affairs to him, and later followed the example of Yao ShunYu Zen, "Sui Zen is located in the enlightened". Enlightened is on the throne, "Emperor Cong".
After Du Yu abdicated, he went to the Western Mountains to live in seclusion, and it was early spring and February, and the cuckoos were mourning, and they were struggling to keep Du Yu from leaving. The people of Shudi "mourn the birds singing", heard the cuckoo chirping, felt sad, "singing and thinking of the emperor", and missed the late king Du Yu. Later, Du Yu became an alias for Cuckoo, and poems such as Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin's "Jinse" "Zhuang Sheng Xiao Dream Lost Butterfly, Wangdi Chunxin Trust Cuckoo", Northern Song Dynasty Li Chongyuan's "Remembering Wang Sun Chun Ci" "Liu Wai Lou high in the sky is broken, Du Yu's voice can't bear to hear" and other poems, that is, quote this meaning.
The Book of the King of Shu has a more detailed account of the boiling of Meiji water, while revealing another hidden plot of Du Yuchan Rang. According to this book, Enlightened is a Chu person, whose original name was Turtle Spirit. According to the "Customs and Customs" compiled by the Eastern Han Dynasty, "the turtle spirit comes out of the well", proficient in water, proficient in water conservancy, after death, "his corpse died", the corpse was not seen for no reason, and "the Jing people could not ask for it". It turned out that the body of the turtle spirit went up the Yangtze River against the current, and after coming to piyi, the capital of the Shu kingdom that was suffering from the flood siege, it was resurrected and "met with Emperor Wang". Wangdi Du Yu saw that the turtle spirit would not only go against the water, but also be able to rise from the dead, and was shocked by the heavens, so he was appointed as Xiangguo.
Man cannot be resurrected from the dead. According to historians, the truth of the matter is that the turtle spirit may have been convicted by the Chu people for the incident and sentenced to death. "Corpse" in the old language is not necessarily a corpse, a corpse, but a person who is imprisoned and cannot move freely. The turtle spirit was convicted of the death penalty and was called a "corpse". The so-called "death of his corpse" should be that the turtle spirit fled to the Shu kingdom, and the Chu people wanted it and could not do it. Turtle Ling Yijie died, and went to Shu to run to Emperor Wang to be reused, so Yun died and came back to life.
At that time, the water in the upper reaches of the Min River rose sharply, and "The Emperor could not rule", so he "made the turtle spirit decide the Jade Mountain" and granted him full authority to control the water. The turtle spirit organized the people, and after several years of hard work, finally succeeded in controlling the water. In ancient Chinese alchemy, ivory magic can kill water gods. Sanxingdui has recently unearthed more than a hundred tusks, which can be imagined at that time when the Shu people used ivory to kill the monsters in the water.
While Turtle Ling was toiling the front line of water control and passing through the house without entering, Du Yu was communicating with his wife in the rear. Afterwards, Du Yu's conscience found that he thought that he was "inferior to the turtle spirit", so he "entrusted the state to give it away" and gave the throne Zen to the turtle spirit, "like the Zen Shun of Yao". After the turtle spirit ascended the throne, he was known as the Enlightened Emperor, and his regime was called the Enlightened Dynasty by later generations.
After enlightened ming and his successors led the people to continuous water control activities in the Chengdu Plain, the agricultural economy of the ancient Shu state was further improved, "mountains and forests, fishing, garden melons and fruits, four festivals of ripening, not a good deal." The Chengdu Plain is "called Tianfu", that is, it comes from this. When the Enlightened Ming Dynasty passed to the ninth dynasty, it moved its capital to the area around the Xindu District of today's Chengdu City, and occupied the "Land of Praise and Han" at the foot of the Qin Mountains, and continued to rub with the Qin State.
Brothers Wall, Qin and Bashu
Due to its proximity, the ancient Shu state had more exchanges with the Qin state, and it was inevitable that there would be conflicts. At the beginning of the founding of the Qin dynasty, the national strength was weak, and the enlightened son Emperor Lu took the initiative to attack the Qin state and attacked the then Qin capital Yongcheng. After the State of Qin gained a firm foothold in the Guanzhong Plain, the two countries gradually formed a confrontational trend. In the second year of Qin Ligong (475 BC), the State of Shu took the initiative to "bribe (Qin)" and asked for peace, and relations were temporarily eased.
As Qin shu simultaneously expanded into the southern foothills of the Qin Mountains, the contradictions between the two countries became sharp again, and fierce competition began around Nanzheng (南郑区, in present-day Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). Southern Zhengben belonged to the Shu state, which was its northern gateway and an important obstacle to the expansion of the Qin state to the southwest.
The State of Qin took the lead in capturing Southern Zheng and built a city in Southern Zheng in the twenty-sixth year of Qin Ligong (451 BC); ten years later, in the second year of Qin Mangong (441 BC), "Southern Zheng rebelled" and was retaken by the State of Shu; in the thirteenth year of Qin Huigong (387 BC), Qin "cut down Shu and took Southern Zheng"; but in the same year, Huigong died, the monarch of the State of Qin changed his throne and had no time to take care of it, and the State of Shu again took Southern Zheng.
After that, the State of Qin devoted itself to changing the law and striving to become stronger, and transferred its troops to the east to compete with the Six Kingdoms for hegemony. The State of Shu also took the main spearhead against the State of Chu, and in the 25th year of king Zhou'an (377 BC), he "cut Chu" and captured Zifang (in present-day Songzi City, Yidu, or Fang County, Hubei Province). The Shu state's attack on the chu state provided important enlightenment for the later strategic plan of the Qin state to annex Bashu and encircle the Chu state in a roundabout way.
As Qin Shu temporarily adjusted the direction of the attack, relations between the two countries eased again. When King Huiwen of Qin ascended the throne, the State of Shu sent envoys to Xianyang to pay tribute. According to the Huayang Guozhi, the King of Shu once hunted in the Valley of the Qinling Mountains and met King Hui unexpectedly. King Hui presented the King of Shu with the "Golden One", and King Hui gave back "treasured things". Unexpectedly, after King Hui brought the treasure back to Xianyang, he "materialized it into soil". King Hui was deceived by the Shu King's blindfold and was "angry". The group of ministers advised, "Heaven inherits me, and the king will get the land of Shu", which is providence to show that the kingdom of Shu will become the territory of Great Qin, and King Hui is "happy" after hearing this. In order to paralyze the Shu kingdom, King Hui also took advantage of the weakness of "the king of Shu's lust" and "promised to marry five daughters to Shu". Although these records have obvious legendary overtones, they reveal the ambitions of the Qin monarchs and vassals to annex the Shu state.
If the State of Qin wanted to attack the State of Shu, it was difficult to find the Qinling Mountains high, and the Shu Road was difficult and there was no way to go. According to the Chronicle of The Lands, King Hui carved stones for five cows, and placed gold in the back, falsely claimed that this cow can gold, and tricked the King of Shu into excreting gold, and the flow was endless. King Hui expressed his willingness to give this cattle to the Shu kingdom, showing that he would never marry him. The greedy King of Shu actually listened to King Hui's words. In order to transport the stone cattle back, the King of Shu ordered the "Valley of the Mountains", opening roads in every mountain, building bridges in the face of water, flattening the valley, and carving a road from Xianyang to Chengdu in the midst of the mountains. Through this road, the Shu state "sent the stone cattle to Chengdu", and the Qin state "sought the way to cut it down", and this road was "known as the stone cattle road".
According to the "Huayang Guozhi", there is a follow-up to this matter. After the King of Shu "sent five Dings to welcome the stone cattle", he found that the stone cattle did not have the special function of excreting gold, "angry, repatriated". The Shu people, who founded the country as farmers, not only repatriated the stone cattle to the Qin state, but also ridiculed the Qin people who raised horses and grazed for Zhou Tianzi as "Eastern Shepherd Calves". The Qin people laughed and said, "Although I am a shepherd, I deserve to be Shu ye."
The King of Shu, who laughed at the Qin people, did not expect that the laughter of the old Qin Jin pawn and the sound of the horse's hooves of the Qin army's iron horse would soon resound through the Stone Bull Road. And it was the King of Shu himself who provided the Qin state with the warplanes. The King of Shu once enfeoffed his brother Ye Meng (葭萌) to Hanzhong as a marquis, and was known as the Marquis of Tho. Somehow, Ye Meng was not friendly to the King of Shu, but instead befriended the Kingdom of Ba. The King of Shu was furious and sent an army against Ye Meng in the ninth year of the reign of King Huiwen of Qin (316 BC). The younger brother Ye Meng was inferior to his elder brother and had to defect to Pakistan. The Shu state marched into the Pakistani state, and the Pakistani state was powerless to resist, only to "ask for help from Qin".
King Huiwen "wanted to send troops to cut down Shu", but he was afraid of thousands of miles of attack, "the road is narrow and difficult to reach", he could not fight quickly and make a quick decision, and it was easy to fall into the quagmire of a long-term war. Just when King Huiwen was not making a decision, "Han invaded again", and Korea made an offensive posture against Qin from the east. King Huiwen "wanted to cut down Han first, and then Shu, fearing disadvantages", and "wanted to cut down Shu first, afraid that Han would attack Qin", and fell into a situation of fighting on two fronts and being attacked by the enemy on his stomach and back, so he "hesitated and could not decide". The famous general Sima mistakenly asked Shu to cut down Shu, believing that "if Shu is obtained, Chu will be gained, and if Chu dies, the whole world will be merged"; Zhang Yi, the minister of state, objected, believing that "it is better to cut down Han". After much deliberation, King Huiwen finally adopted Sima Zuo's strategy and decided to raise an army against Shu.
In the autumn of that year, King Huiwen sent Sima Cuo, Zhang Yi, and Du Weimo to lead troops to cut Shu from Shiniu Road and defeat the Shu army at Yemeng Pass (葭萌關, in present-day Zhaohua Town, Zhaohua District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province). The King of Shu fled to Wuyang (武陽, in modern Pengshan District, Meishan, Sichuan), where he was defeated and killed. The Shu state minister and the prince led the remnants of the force to "retreat to Fengxiang, died in the White Deer Mountain, and the enlightened clan died." Prince Zipan of Shu led some of his people to flee to northern Vietnam and establish the state of An duong, which was later destroyed by the State of South Vietnam, a vassal of the Western Han Dynasty. Descendants of the Anyang royal family entered Cambodia to establish the Funan Kingdom, which was eventually destroyed at the hands of Chenla.
The Battle of Qin against Shu went well, and in October of the ninth year of the reign of King Huiwen of Qin (316 BC), the entire territory of shu was pacified. Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi took advantage of the victory to take the baguo and tho land directly, and "placed Ba, Shu and Hanzhong counties, and divided their lands into thirty-one counties". After King Huiwen destroyed Bashu, he made his son Tong the Marquis of Shu, appointed Chen Zhuang as Shu Xiang, and Zhang Ruo as shu guoshou to jointly govern Shu. In order to suppress the local natives, King Huiwen also relocated more than 10,000 people from the Qin state to the Shu kingdom. However, in the first 30 years, the situation in Shudi was extremely unstable.
Qin and Shu were only 5 years old, and in the fourth year of King Zhou Zhao (311 BC), King Huiwen died, King Wu of Qin succeeded him, and Shu Xiang Chen Zhuang rebelled and killed Marquis Tong of Shu. The following year, in the first year of King Wu of Qin (310 BC), King Wu sent Sima Cuo, Gan Mao, and Zhang Yi into Shu to quell the rebellion, behead chen Zhuang, and Tong Ziyun succeeded him as the Marquis of Shu. In the early days of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, the situation in Shudi was still complicated. In the sixth year of King Zhaoxiang (301 BC), Marquis Yun of Shu was framed by the Queen of Qin, and King Zhaoxiang did not know the truth, and sent Sima to mistakenly enter Shu and kill 27 of yun and his courtiers. Although King Zhaoxiang made Yun Zi the Marquis of Shu, he was "re-reprimanded" 16 years later because he suspected his rebellion.
However, some scholars believe that Shu Houtong, Yun, and Qi are not the imperial families of the Qin state, but the descendants of the Shu kings. After the qin state destroyed Shu, it was a Huairou Shu person, so it still established the ancient Shu royal family as the King of Shu.
The repeated friction between Shudi and the Qin state was ostensibly a personnel reason, but in essence it reflected that the sub-feudal system implemented by the Qin state in Shudi could no longer meet the needs of governance. In order to straighten out the Shu system, after King Zhaoxiang killed Marquis Shu, he changed the division of Shu land into a county system, abolished the Shu state as Shu County, and appointed Zhang Ruo as the shu county guard, and the situation in Shu land eventually stabilized. The annexation of Shu land was the first large-scale territorial expansion in the history of the Qin state, laying the foundation for the later unification of China. Shi Zai, "Shu belongs to Qin, Qin is strong, rich, and light princes."
After Zhang Ruo, Li Bing took over as the sheriff of Shu County. Roughly in the fifty-first year of King Zhaoxiang (256 BC), Li Bing began to preside over the construction of water conservancy engineering facilities such as Dujiangyan on the basis of opening the Meiji water, and the Chengdu Plain "diverted water to infiltrate in drought, and Dusai water gate when rained", and a large amount of land was transformed into fertile and fertile fields, as stated in the "Book of River Canals", "As for what is passed, it is often used to divert its water to the canals of the irrigation fields, in trillions, but there are not enough."
Nourished by these water conservancy projects, Shudi "has thousands of miles of wild land, called 'land and sea'". The Huayang Guozhi praises, "Water and drought follow people, do not know hunger, there is no famine year, the world is called 'Tianfu'." Shudi thus became a strategic logistics base for the Qin army to move east and point the sword to the six kingdoms, and ultimately helped the Qin state to unify the world.
The ancient Shu civilization is one of the most brilliant and dazzling stars in the era of "full of stars"
Some scholars have compared the many cultural relics of the early Chinese civilization in the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Pearl River, Liao River basin and other places to "full of stars". The discovery of the Baodun Ruins in Xinjin District, Chengdu, Sichuan, the Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan and the Jinsha Ruins in Qingyang District, Chengdu, confirms that the ancient Shu civilization was one of the most brilliant stars in the era of "Full of Stars".
The Central Plains culture centered on the Yellow River Basin, after the integration of other regional cultures and its own reorganization, gradually led the four directions and formed a radiation effect in the process of development, becoming the core area of Chinese civilization and being the "arching moon of the stars". The sericulture technical support provided by Changzu and Changbu for the Central Plains Yiguan civilization, and the logistical assistance provided by the Chengdu Plain for the Qin State to sweep through Liuhe, are all important contributions of the Shudi civilization to the era of "stars and arch moons".
From the marriage of the Yellow Emperor's father and son to the Marriage of the Yellow Emperor's father and son by the Servant of the Shu Dynasty, to the entry of Du Yu of Huaxia into the Farming of the Shu Sect; from the enlightened Chu people to Shuping to control the floods, to the return of Bashu to the unification of the four seas of Qin, the historical development of bashan and Shushui is intertwined with the Central Plains Jiangnan, and the progress of civilization is intertwined with the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The historical process of the ancient Shu kingdom with the Sanxingdui site as the core fully proves the diversified and integrated historical pattern of the Chinese nation since ancient times.
(The author is Wu Peng, Ph.D., Department of History, Chinese Min University)
Source: China Youth Daily ( 2021-03-30 10 edition)
Source: China Youth Daily