Original title: Visiting the National Team of Forestry and Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences——(Introduction)
They wrote their papers on the land of the motherland (subject)
Forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, oceans, rivers, fields... Biodiversity has made the earth full of vitality, and China's ecological civilization construction has achieved remarkable results. At the recent meeting of the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the participants were impressed by the outstanding achievements in wildlife conservation across China.
To build a harmonious and beautiful world of all things, it is inseparable from the support of science and technology. From the Gobi Desert to the green trees, from the barren mountains to the vast forests and seas, from the barren land to the fruitful... There is such a team, they are not afraid of hardships in the wilderness, sweating in the woods, immersed in research institutes and laboratories.
Since its establishment in 1958, scientists at the Chinese Academy of Forestry (hereinafter referred to as the Chinese Academy of Forestry) have insisted on writing papers on the land of the motherland and using science and technology to help the country's ecological civilization construction.
"As the national team of forestry and grassland scientific research in China, the Chinese Academy of Forestry has been working together in serving and supporting the country's socio-economic development and forestry ecological construction in various periods, and has done a lot of fruitful work in basic research, applied research and the development and promotion of achievements, and has always played the role and responsibility of the leading geese of forestry people." Liu Shirong, president of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, said.
Academician Jiang Youxu
The study of forest ecological positioning has profoundly changed the understanding of forestry in the whole society
From the development of the Daxing'anling Mountains and the Battle of Jinshajiang Forest Area in the 1960s and 1970s, to the implementation of the shelterbelt system construction project and the natural forest protection project in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River of the Yangtze River in the mid-to-late 1980s and 1990s, the Chinese government has made great efforts to smoothly transform nearly one million loggers into forest rangers in the new century; from Deng Xiaoping's advocacy of voluntary tree planting by the whole people in 1979 to more than 500 million people participating in voluntary tree planting every year, the national plantation forest exceeds 70 million hectares, always maintaining the world's first; from forests limited to timber supply, From the forest is the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem, to the forest carbon sink research and forest ecological service value assessment, and then to the "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", today's Chinese society's understanding of the function, role and status of forests has undergone profound changes, and the whole party and society have never had such a profound understanding of forests and attach great importance to forestry work as they do today. Among them, it is inseparable from the continuous struggle and wisdom of several generations of forest ecological scientific research workers in New China, and the contribution is indispensable. Academician Jiang Youxu, the pioneer and founder of the research on the positioning of China's forest ecosystem and its network, is an outstanding representative of them.
From a spirited teenager to a pillar in the industry, Academician Jiang Youxu, honorary director and researcher of the Institute of Forest Ecology environment and protection of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, is now 89 years old.
"Forestry science and technology workers should love nature, be good at observation, nature will always give new discoveries and answers, the original unclear to explain clearly, is the achievement." Jiang Youxu said.
In 1957, during his further studies abroad, Jiang Youxu inspected many long-term positioning observation and research stations of biogeographic communities (ecosystems). He recognized more deeply: "Forests are not only producers of biological yields, but also the elucidation of their material cycles, energy conversion processes and system operation mechanisms, as well as the interaction between forest organisms, forest organisms and the environment, so that people can realize their importance and make forests better benefit human beings." ”
After this, Jiang Youxu resolved to reveal the functions and processes of forest ecosystems as a research direction.
With the support of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, since 1960, Jiang Youxu has cooperated with the Sichuan Institute of Forestry sciences to establish the earliest forest ecological positioning research station in Sichuan Province, and carried out comprehensive multidisciplinary ecosystem positioning research on subalpine coniferous forests.
In 1981, after the catastrophic flood in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, it was based on the research of the positioning station and the understanding of the function of the forest that Jiang Youxu dared to be the first and published an article in the People's Daily, proposing that the flood disaster was both a natural disaster and a man-made disaster: large-scale forest logging greatly reduced the ability of the forests in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River to conserve water sources. In the article, he pointed out that the upper reaches of the Yangtze River should not be used as a timber supply base, but should be based on water conservation as the main business direction. This view later became the theoretical basis for China's construction of a water conservation forest system project in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Since 1990, Jiang Youxu has presided over the major project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Structure and Function of China's Forest Ecosystem", jointly covering 18 forest ecological positioning stations of different geographical belts and different types in China, using long-term positioning observation data of forest ecology for the first time, rising from the ecosystem scale to the national large-scale multidisciplinary, multi-process, networked comprehensive research, and promoting the development of standardized observation and ecological network research.
In 1994, based on the results of many years of positioning research, he first proposed a total ban on the logging of tropical rainforests in Hainan, which was adopted by the state. Subsequently, he actively appealed for and participated in the demonstration of the planning of the national natural forest protection project, which directly promoted the full implementation of the project in 2000.
Around 2008, during the seventh continuous inventory of national forest resources, under his guidance and combined with the long-term observation data of all forest ecological positioning stations in the country, it was assessed that the total value of six services in China's forest ecosystem, such as water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, accumulation of nutrients, purification of the atmospheric environment and biodiversity conservation, was 10 trillion yuan per year, the total biomass of forest vegetation in China was 15.77 billion tons, and the total carbon storage of forest vegetation in China was 7.8 billion tons. Once this data was released, it caused a huge sensation in the whole society and became the biggest highlight of forest ecology research and service for the country's economic and social development. After that, the observation, functional calculation and value calculation of the main service functions of the forest ecosystem have been successively demonstrated to form national standards. The whole country and provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and even specific regions have carried out one or more assessment calculations, which provides a scientific basis for ecosystem restoration and reconstruction, the implementation of ecological compensation policies, the study of green GDP, and the transformation of green waters and green mountains into Jinshan Yinshan.
Up to now, China's forest ecological positioning research system has been basically completed. There are a total of 107 positioning stations in the forestry system, which continue to serve the construction of ecological civilization and green development.
Jiang Youxu said proudly: "In this regard, China is ahead of the world!" ”
In the industry and academia, Jiang Youxu is a respected and beloved scientist, he dares to be the first, is willing to be a ladder, and has made outstanding contributions in talent training, discipline development, science and technology popularization and publicity, and international exchanges. In the eyes of the students, Academician Jiang is an old gentleman who is talented, elegant and humble, has the motherland in mind and has a global vision.
"Nature can bring human knowledge to life and constantly energize man's mind. Observe nature, cultivate people's systematic concept of looking at things, and exercise people's thinking and analysis ability. This is the driving force and source of achievement for a biological scientist. Jiang Youxu said.
A name is a scientific pinnacle! From the beginning of the founding of New China, forestry science and education are in ruins to be revitalized, to the spring breeze blowing green mountains and rivers and land in the reform and opening up of science and education, generations of forest science and technology people have always been active in the territory of "beautiful China" with the mindset and responsibility of "success does not have to be in me, success must have me". They adhere to the green oath with actions and draw ecological civilization with wisdom.
Henan Guangshan oil tea base
Sand control projects create ecological miracles
"In the past, it would take an hour's drive to see the greenery, but now it's the other way around, it takes an hour's drive to see the sand."
Talking about the achievements made in the 21 years since the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin Aeolian Sand Source Control Project, Lu Qi, director of the Institute of Desertification of the Chinese Academy of Forestry and director of the Desert Forestry Experimental Center, explained with this popular analogy.
The results of the fifth desertification and desertification monitoring show that the national desertification land area has expanded from an average annual area of 10,400 square kilometers at the end of the last century to an average annual reduction of 2,424 square kilometers at present.
From "finding green in the sand" to "finding sand in the green", from "sand into people retreating" to "green into the sand retreat", with the advancement of a series of ecological projects, the green Great Wall is continuously extending and expanding on the motherland, and the miracle of "desert becoming an oasis" is happening...
Lu Qi, who has dealt with "sand" for more than 20 years, laughed and called himself a "professional sand hand". "There are sailors and singers, and I use sand as a profession, so I call myself 'sand hand'."
"Sand control is like treating people. In the past, sand prevention and control was like seeing an emergency department, and after the critical condition was controlled, it was converted to hospitalization, and a systematic treatment plan should be formed, and there should be a follow-up rehabilitation program after curing and discharging. Lu Qi talked about the treatment of sand, and the "doctor" was full of style.
Lu Qi said that the new China's sand control and the construction of the republic are basically synchronized, and according to the time process, it can be roughly divided into three stages: from 1950 to 1977, it was the initial stage of the mobilization of the whole people and the march towards the desert; from 1978 to 2015, it was the development stage driven by the national will and the project, and through the construction project of the "Three Norths" shelter forest system, the treatment of wind and sand sources in Beijing and Tianjin, the protection of natural forests, and the return of farmland to forests and grasslands, the national ecological project with huge investment and far-reaching influence has been realized Since 2016, combined with the concept of sustainable development, China has adopted the general policy of global governance and systematic governance, and strived towards the centennial goal of "people retreating from sand and retreating".
"The practice of sand control in the past 70 years is inseparable from the support and guidance of science and technology. Our research on sand control has always been based on the needs of the times, advancing with the times and making new policies for a long time. Lu Qi said.
As an important scientific research and experimental base in the field of desertification control in China, the Desert Forestry Experimental Center, which was established in 1979 and the Desertification Research Institute established in 2009, as the only two scientific research institutions specializing in sand control research of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, are the vanguard of the construction of "Beautiful China".
At present, China has formed a desertification monitoring, early warning and observation research network system, covering more than 500 county-level administrative regions in more than 30 provinces. The national macro monitoring releases the monitoring results once every 5 years, and since 1994, it has completed 5 national desertification and desertification census and monitoring work, which provides basic data for the national desertification prevention and control planning and policy formulation.
On the basis of the research results, in 2019, the compilation of the "Desert Chronicle of China", which was coordinated by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and led by the Desertification Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, was officially launched.
"The foundation laid by generations of 'sand control people' has made it possible for us to systematically compile chronicles today." Lu Qi said. As a basic literature for the prevention and control of desertification in the new era, "Desertology of China" is like a "basic medicine", providing scientific basis and decision-making support for the overall strategic layout of the country and the development of regional innovation.
In the face of the problem of desertification on a global scale, China's experience in sand prevention and control is also going to the world.
It is reported that through domestic and foreign platforms such as the "Belt and Road Ecological Interconnection Reciprocal Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center", "China-Africa Cooperation Forum" and "United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification", China has regularly exchanged experience in sand prevention and control with participating countries in recent years, passed on new methods and technologies of China's desertification control to participating countries, and trained its relevant domestic staff in skills, contributing Chinese wisdom to global desertification control and achieving zero growth in land degradation at an early date.
The researchers set up a wind station in the Kumtag Desert.
Camellia oleifera technology helps rural revitalization
In the golden autumn, the verdant and lush camellia oleifera trees stretch in a row, winding and undulating with the mountains. Under the layers of foliage, round and plump camellia oil fruits are dotted with branches... In the central, northern and southern industrial belts, many Camellia oleifera demonstration bases are in sight.
The high-yield demonstration garden of camellia oleifera in Guangshan County, Henan Province, is located in the northern belt of China's camellia oleifera cultivation area. Today, this vibrant tea garden was still a barren mountain and bald ridge more than a decade ago. It is the oil tea technology brought by the scientific and technological workers of the Institute of Subtropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Forestry) that makes this small piece of fruit become the "golden treasure" of Fumin Xingxiang.
"Now is the critical stage of fruit ripening, and it is necessary to go to the local area to see." Yao Xiaohua, chief expert of the National Oil Tea Science Center and researcher of the Institute of Yalin of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, said. In an interview, he was on the winding road to the Dabie Mountain oil tea production area. Leading the team to screen ecological and economically high-yield varieties in various places is his main task this time.
It is understood that Guangshan County began to grow oil tea more than a decade ago, but due to the lack of suitable seeds and supporting cultivation management technology, the oil tea industry plan was declared a failure in 2007 and 2008. In 2009, Guangshan County hired Yao Xiaohua and his team as long-term technical consultants for the development of the camellia oleifera industry, hoping to help the development of the oleifera tea industry through science and technology.
"The research of previous years was really difficult, everything was not referenced." Yao Xiaohua said that Guangshan County, located in the Dabie Mountains, is the northern marginal area of the distribution of camellia oleifera, and it is also the northernmost oil tea industry he has studied for many years, which is very challenging.
"Whether oil tea is good or not, good seeds are the key." After many large tree experiments, follow-up experiments with different seedlings, and continuous moisturizing planting experiments, the "Changlin" series with early flowering and strong adaptability has been confirmed to be one of the varieties suitable for cultivation in Guangshan County.
With the technical support of Yao Xiaohua and his team, Changlin variety test bases have been formed from Anhui, Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi. Guangshan County has developed from sporadic cultivation in the past to a model for the oil tea producing areas in northern China. Nowadays, the growth, yield and quality of camellia oleifera in many parks in Guangshan exceed those of many main oil tea producing areas.
"The main reason is that Guangshan chose the right varieties in the cultivation of camellia oleifera, and made sufficient efforts in purifying seedlings and supporting technologies." Yao Xiaohua said.
Oil tea has developed, and the farmers' enthusiasm for planting has also become higher and higher. At present, the total area of oil tea cultivation in Guangshan County has reached 271,000 mu, adding a new way for farmers to increase their income and become rich.
"One acre of oil tea and a hundred pounds of oil, and married a daughter-in-law and built a building." "An acre of tea in front of the house and behind the house, a pond of fat fish and a flock of ducks." The two popular phrases have become a true portrayal of the lives of local people, and also a vivid embodiment of the help of science and technology to revitalize the countryside.
With the goal of supporting the national grain and oil security, Yao Xiaohua and his team have long been focusing on woody oilseed tree species, developing and demonstrating the main promotion of good seeds, regional good seeds and functional good seeds, and innovating and supporting efficient cultivation technology systems. In addition, technical guidance, organization or participation in technical training are provided in the economic forest production areas of the south, and the science and technology extension services involve 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the main subtropical regions. In the vast land of our country, the "demonstration" of high-yield and high-quality oil tea is constantly blooming with scientific and technological brilliance...
"Non-stop workaholic" is the evaluation of Yao Xiaohua by colleagues.
Through the forest sea, the higher the mountain, the hill climb... Talking about his full schedule, Yao Xiaohua quipped: "This is determined by the nature of my work, oil tea is planted in the mountains, most of the woody oil in China is developed in the mountains, you must run on the mountain, turn in the woodland." The mountains are also the hope of contributing to grain and oil security. ”
"When we see that the oil tea in the people's homes has been harvested, their joy, recognition of science and technology, and respect for scientific and technological personnel make us happy from the bottom of our hearts." Yao Xiaohua said with a smile.
In order to cope with the rapid development needs of the camellia oleifera industry and help farmers to scientifically plant and manage camellia oleifera trees, the scientific research team led by Yao Xiaohua has organized or participated in more than 200 scientific and technological training activities such as camellia oleifera for more than ten years. In order to improve the productivity level of woody oilseeds such as oil tea, serve the "three rural areas", and promote farmers' income, it has played a key scientific and technological support.
Vegetation coverage level and desertification land distribution map of Hunshandak sandy land synthesized by satellite remote sensing technology.
High-resolution remote sensing promotes the high-quality development of forestry
Brilliant colors, different shades of texture, accurate and intuitive data... Through the pair of "clairvoyance" of high-resolution satellite remote sensing images, the researchers of the Institute of Resource Information of the Chinese Academy of Forestry clearly display china's forest resources and ecological status above the green fields of the motherland.
By the end of 2020, China's forest coverage rate reached 23.04%, the forest area reached 220 million hectares, and the forest stock increased to 17.56 billion cubic meters, maintaining "double growth" for 30 consecutive years, becoming the country with the largest increase in forest resources.
In the face of such abundant natural resources, it is crucial to scientifically evaluate the sustainable management of forests and the sustainable development of forestry ecology. How to use remote sensing technology to "arm" traditional forestry and help the high-quality development of forestry has always been a difficult problem that Li Zengyuan, an expert in remote sensing research at the Institute of Resource Information of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, and his team have painstakingly overcome.
According to Li Zengyuan, the development process of china's forestry remote sensing can be divided into three stages: from 1951 to 1980, the visual interpretation and application stage of aerial remote sensing video films, from 1981 to 2000, the development and innovation stage of satellite remote sensing; and from 2001 to 2020, the development of quantitative remote sensing and the formation stage of the integrated application service platform.
Li Zengyuan sighed: "From local-scale applied research, to basic high-tech research, to large-scale application, at each stage, there is a group of scientific researchers who are immersed in hard work and continuous accumulation. ”
In the 1980s, the first forestry remote sensing research team represented by Xu Guanhua, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a precedent for the intelligent extraction of forestry information by satellite remote sensing.
In the early 1990s, Li Zengyuan started the research of forestry remote sensing under the guidance of academician Xu Guanhua.
Recalling the hardships of the early stage of research, Li Zengyuan said humorously: "Remote sensing research is a very long process. The initial stage is still very difficult, so I call the 'start- phase' the 'begging' phase. ”
It is understood that for a long time, due to the lack of independent high-resolution remote sensing data, forestry survey and monitoring mainly rely on foreign data sources, these data are expensive, satellite data acquisition capacity is also very limited, it is difficult to meet the application needs of forestry survey and monitoring of the main business.
In order to overcome the core technology as soon as possible and make up for the technical gap, since 2011, Li Zengyuan led the team to undertake the "high-resolution Earth observation system" project, one of the 16 major national science and technology projects deployed in the "Outline of the National Medium- and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)".
Mosquito bites and humid climates in dense forests, physical exertion, and life are not the norm for field work. Li Zengyuan smiled at this and recalled: "Sometimes it is a full day as soon as you go out, and lunch is a little pickle and bread. ”
In the past 10 years, under the dedicated research of Li Zengyuan and his team, the "High-resolution Earth Observation System" project has overcome 8 key technologies for high-resolution remote sensing forestry survey and monitoring applications, established a high-score forestry application service platform based on high-performance computing and cloud architecture for the first time, and formed a high-resolution remote sensing forestry survey, monitoring and evaluation technology system in line with China's forest conditions.
"I think the core of doing research is to be practical, to be useful, and to be able to promote some things!" Li Zengyuan said firmly.
At present, on the basis of realizing the common products generated by satellite data such as Gaofen No. 1, Gaofen No. 2, Gaofen No. 3 and Gaofen No. 4, the platform has developed 21 kinds of forestry thematic product production lines, providing services to more than 50 forestry survey planning and design units and forestry management departments.
Talking about his scientific research achievements, Li Zengyuan proudly said: "At present, about 70% of the satellite remote sensing analysis data of China's forestry industry comes from the satellites we launch! ”
It is reported that the remote sensing technology developed by Li Zengyuan and his team has been widely used in the distribution and change of forest and grass resources, wetland survey, desertification census monitoring, natural protected area planning and construction, ecological engineering evaluation, early detection of disasters and development of disaster processes, post-disaster loss assessment and other businesses, playing the role of "clairvoyance". (Yan Bing, Zhang Yiran, Ren Tongtong)
Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition