Abstract: In recent years, the state has paid more and more attention to ecological and environmental issues, and the planning of beautiful rural construction has also been born in this context, although the rural environment has been significantly improved, but due to the weak awareness of farmers' environmental protection, imperfect infrastructure, insufficient capital and technical investment, there are still many problems in rural areas in the process of garbage disposal. Taking the rural areas of Suzhou, Bozhou and Chuzhou in Anhui Province as an example, the basic situation of garbage disposal in rural areas is analyzed and studied, the reasons for the existence of problems are found, and corresponding improvement measures are proposed to solve the chaos of rural garbage management, which is not only the basic requirement for improving the living environment of farmers, but also an important way to implement the beautiful rural construction plan and realize the integration of urban and rural areas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" >1 Basic situation of rural garbage collection</h1>
Through field visits to the rural areas of Pancun Town, Si County, and Bozhou City, Mingguang City, Anhui Province, interviews with relevant responsible persons of local garbage transfer stations, and online inquiries, the basic situation of garbage recycling in the above three areas was learned. It should be noted that due to the degree of economic development in the region, the relevant decision-making and management level of the administrative department, the professional degree of the person in charge and other factors, there are also certain differences in the garbage recycling and disposal of the three regions. This article will take Pancun Town, Mingguang City, Anhui Province, Bozhou City, Mihe Town and Si County as examples, and introduce the basic situation of rural garbage recycling from the following three aspects.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" >1.1 garbage collection infrastructure</h1>
The infrastructure construction of garbage recycling in rural areas of China is relatively complete, and each township will reasonably set up garbage stations, and each garbage station will place enough garbage bins or garbage cans, on the one hand, to ensure that villagers can easily put garbage, on the other hand, it is also conducive to cleaning staff to recycle garbage at designated points to ensure the cleanliness and beauty of the rural environment. In addition, the village and town transfer stations are equipped with garbage transfer trucks, weighing facilities and compression and packaging machines.
Taking Pancun Town, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province as an example, the town completed the full coverage of garbage stations before the end of 2018, and set up a total of 158 garbage collection points in 14 villages in the town, set up a maximum of 19 in each village, and configured at least 3 stations, ensuring that each village has a garbage collection point every other distance, and about every 50m along the road to set up a garbage can, every 200m set up a garbage bin. In addition to the necessary weighing facilities and compression and packing instruments, the town's garbage transfer station is home to dozens of small transfer trucks and 5 large transport vehicles.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" >1.2 Methods of garbage collection and disposal</h1>
Most of the townships in rural areas of China only have the ability to recycle garbage, and local garbage transfer stations undertake the responsibilities of garbage classification, collection, boxing and transfer, and in terms of garbage disposal, they can only complete the work of landfill treatment of harmless garbage.
Take The town of Bozhou City, Anhui Province, for example, as an agricultural township with a population of about 52,000, recycles about 10 tons of garbage every day. As shown in Figure 1, more than 130 cleaners in the town collect garbage in charge of the area garbage cans and garbage bins every day, temporarily store the discarded glass bottles, plastic bottles and other pesticide packaging and non-degradable plastic products such as waste batteries and the harmless garbage put by farmers to the village recycling point, and then the village recycling point sends people to transfer the hazardous garbage to the town recycling point, and the harmless garbage is landfilled nearby, and finally the town garbage transfer station will be compressed and packaged and handed over to the unit with hazardous garbage disposal qualification for regular disposal. In general, the waste sorting process is relatively simple.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" >1.3 problems</h1>
Through the investigation and analysis of some basic situations in rural areas, it can be concluded that there are the following problems in the recycling and treatment of rural garbage in China:
(1) The publicity and education on environmental protection is not enough, and the villagers lack a certain awareness of environmental protection. From top to bottom, from the government to the villagers, the degree of attention to environmental protection is not high, and the phenomenon of throwing garbage on the ground is more frequent and difficult to rectify;
(2) The personnel recruitment system is not perfect, the personnel recruitment process is not transparent enough and the practitioners lack formal training, most of the garbage is only rough, simple and basic classification, and the classification process is relatively streamlined;
(3) The management system is not perfect, and some damaged garbage cans and garbage bins cannot be replaced in time.
(4) Insufficient capital investment, garbage recycling and treatment expenditure in the local financial expenditure accounted for a relatively small proportion;
(5) The supervision mechanism is not perfect, it is difficult for villagers to play a supervisory function, and there is a lack of channels to reflect problems.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" >2 Causes of inefficient rural waste disposal</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="36" >2.1 Lack of motivation</h1>
Rural residents lack enthusiasm for participating in the classification and management of domestic waste. Although the government has publicized and guided the classification and treatment of garbage through various channels, more residents have not yet formed good classification habits, many people will not associate environmental protection with their own behavior, there is a general lack of awareness and willingness to classify and dispose of domestic garbage, and many villages even have the phenomenon of randomly discarding garbage. Coupled with the lack of young and middle-aged groups in the rural population, the population structure is more hollow and aging, which further aggravates the difficulty of garbage classification and treatment, and reduces the speed of work.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="38" >2.2 Infrastructure construction is slow</h1>
The construction of rural sanitation facilities is insufficient, and the damaged facilities cannot be repaired and replenished in time, which affects the effect of rural garbage disposal. The construction of garbage disposal sites is lagging behind, and some garbage incineration plants are even in a state of overload operation, resulting in some garbage houses, garbage pools and other collection points being filled with garbage for a long time and cannot be removed in time. There are also cases such as the slow construction of recyclable waste resource stations and the lack of construction of organic waste composting points. Some rural trails do not have basic garbage cans, garbage bins and other collection facilities, resulting in local villagers or sanitation workers along the line can only concentrate garbage in the open.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="40" >2.3 Law is missing</h1>
At present, the state does not have a law specifically for rural garbage management. In view of the fact that the laws and regulations on rural environmental protection are still in a relatively blank state, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste specifically stipulates that the specific measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by rural domestic garbage shall be stipulated by local regulations. It can be seen that the treatment of rural garbage is greatly limited by the region, but there are few local rural garbage disposal regulations, and there are no clear provisions on the rural garbage recycling management system, and garbage disposal lacks the guidance of laws and regulations. Grassroots environmental protection law enforcement personnel do not have specific enforceable operational standards when they encounter problems, the handling strength is not easy to grasp, and the deterrent power is not enough, so that rural environmental protection law enforcement is not strict enough, and the punishment of rural environmental protection violations is insufficient.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="42" >2.4 Insufficient funds</h1>
Generally speaking, in the construction of landfills, incineration plants, etc. in rural areas, garbage disposal manufacturers need to pay more land use fees to local governments, and the operation of garbage classification and treatment systems, recycling systems and garbage destruction systems increases the cost of manufacturers. Financial institutions and other social capital will not rush to participate in investment in order to avoid risks under the condition that the specific circumstances are not clear, so the financing of garbage disposal projects is quite difficult.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="44" >2.5 Lack of technical support and guidance</h1>
In these underdeveloped areas of the countryside, the treatment of garbage is mainly carried out through landfill and incineration, and there is a lack of more efficient and environmentally friendly garbage disposal methods such as thermal decomposition technology, microbial treatment technology, plasma technology, and water oxidation technology. At the same time, due to the lack of technology and funds, some garbage that can be recycled and reused has not been effectively sorted and treated, but has been destroyed together with other non-recyclable garbage, resulting in waste of resources and loss of resources.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" >3 Ways to improve rural waste disposal</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="47" >3.1 Cultivate environmental awareness</h1>
The weak awareness of environmental protection of residents is one of the main reasons why the problem of rural garbage disposal has not been cured, so how to improve people's awareness of environmental protection is a key to solving the problem. First of all, the government should establish an organizational structure with professional talents, actively publicize environmental protection knowledge, let people realize the harm of littering and the importance of protecting the environment; at the same time, it is also necessary to popularize how to classify garbage to residents, so that garbage collection is more scientific and standardized. The main forms of publicity may be the distribution of leaflets, broadcast broadcasts, regular lectures, etc. In addition, individuals should also have a good overall view, actively cooperate, inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of protecting the environment, and contribute to the purification of their own home.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" >3.2 Improve laws and regulations</h1>
The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China was only formally implemented in 2015, and before that, China's laws and regulations on environmental protection were very lacking. However, the formulation of the law does not mean that the chaos of the past is over, in the process of law implementation, there will always be a variety of new problems, therefore, the government still has to continuously improve China's environmental protection legal system. In the rural environmental governance problems, garbage disposal is only a small part, the law may not be able to take into account some of the problems, so local governments need to formulate relevant laws and regulations for garbage disposal according to the actual local situation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="51" >3.3 Strengthen supervision and implement a reward and punishment system</h1>
The collection of garbage in the early stage is a key step in garbage disposal, and how residents can accurately classify and not litter in the process of throwing garbage is still a big problem. Therefore, the government can adopt a reward and punishment method of the points system, that is, arrange inspectors near the garbage collection point, give a corresponding score to the performance of each household, and every once in a while, those with high points can be rewarded, and those who have too low points should be warned and criticized. At the same time, in the process of supervision, if it is found that someone ignores the regulations, litters and litters, depending on the seriousness of the situation, they will be fined. The ultimate purpose of the reward and punishment system is to build a comfortable and livable environment for people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="53" >3.4 Increase capital and technology investment</h1>
Although the rural environment has been greatly improved in recent years, it is undeniable that the rural areas are not perfect enough in the garbage disposal problem. Rough treatment methods, poor facilities, insufficient funds, etc. are the main difficulties faced by rural garbage sites at present, so the introduction of funds and technology is the key to solving the current dilemma. While striving for special state funds, the township governments can also raise funds from the society, but in the process of use, they must be open and transparent, and spend every penny in the construction of beautiful villages. In addition, the township governments should also actively introduce new equipment and new technologies to improve the infrastructure for rural garbage recycling.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" >3.5 Integrate waste into rural economic development</h1>
With the development of the times, waste reuse has become a trend, and it is completely achievable for garbage to "turn waste into treasure". For waste paper, plastic and other garbage, the countryside can set up a special site organization, recruit some villagers who love to make handicrafts, and then put the finished products they make on the market. And garbage such as crop straw and weed leaves can be collected as raw materials for biogas fermentation, used as gas and fertilizer, to help develop a circular economy in rural areas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" >4 conclusion</h1>
The construction of beautiful villages is to further promote the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China, compared with the city, the basic conditions of rural areas are relatively backward, in the construction process, it is inevitable to encounter some problems, and rural garbage disposal problems, as an important link in the construction process, has always been the focus of people's attention. Through the analysis and study of the current situation of rural garbage disposal, it is not difficult to see that the imperfect system, insufficient supervision, lack of funds and technology, etc., are the key to the inability to effectively deal with garbage in rural areas, so the state must prescribe the right medicine on this basis to solve the current dilemma. Environmental construction in rural areas is a long process, under the guidance of beautiful rural construction planning and the joint efforts of the people, garbage disposal in rural areas will be more standardized and scientific.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > Author: Deng Qing, Zhang Sitong, Huang Yuqing, School of Economics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics</h1>
About author: Deng Qing (1999—), female, from Chuzhou, Anhui, undergraduate;; Zhang Sitong (2001—), female, from Bozhou, Anhui, undergraduate; Huang Yuqing (1998-), female, from Suzhou, Anhui, undergraduate student;
Fund: Anhui University of Finance and Economics National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project "Research on Rural Waste Recycling and Treatment Problems and Improvement Measures under the Background of Beautiful Rural Construction" (No. 201910378132);
Source: Rural Economy and Technology. 2021,32(01)