Camphor, the main raw material for the production of camphor
Camphor is a large evergreen tree of camphoraceae, camphoraceae, up to 30 meters high, up to 3 meters in diameter, with a broad ovate canopy; The canopy is widespread, the branches are dense, and the momentum is majestic, and it is an excellent green tree, street tree and shade tree. It is produced in southern and southwestern provinces and regions of China. It is also distributed in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan, and is often cultivated in other countries. The whole plant has a camphor aroma, which can be used to extract camphor and extract camphor oil. Wood is hard and beautiful, suitable for furniture, boxes. Camphor trees are resistant to harmful gases such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, ozone and fluorine, can repel mosquitoes and flies, can withstand short-term flooding, and are the main raw materials for the production of camphor. The material is superior, and it is a good material for making furniture.
1. Morphological characteristics
Large evergreen tree, up to 30 meters high and up to 3 meters in diameter, with a broad ovate canopy; Branches, leaves and wood have a camphor odor; The bark is yellowish brown with irregular longitudinal fissures. The conical inflorescence is axillary, 3.5 to 7 cm long, with a stalk, with a total stem length of 2.5 to 4.5 centridine camphor rice, and the various sequence axes are glabrous or gray-white to yellowish brown micro-hairs, which are often especially pronounced on the nodes. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruit period is from August to November.
2. Suitable environment
The altitude of the adaptation is below 1800 meters, and the altitude of the growth area south and southwest of the Yangtze River can reach 1000 meters. It grows mainly on sunny slopes, valleys and riverbank flats in fertile subtropical soils. It is also often cultivated on hillsides or valleys.
Camphor trees are more light-loving and slightly shade-tolerant; Prefer warm and humid climate, cold tolerance is not strong, suitable for growing in sandy loam soil, more resistant to water and moisture, but when transplanting should pay attention to maintain soil moisture, waterlogging is easy to lead to rotten roots lack of oxygen and death, but not tolerant to drought, barren and saline soil. The taproot is developed, deep-rooted, and resistant to wind. Strong germination and pruning resistance. The growth rate is medium, and the tree is huge like an umbrella, which can shade the shade and avoid the cold. It has a long survival period and can grow into hundreds of years of towering ancient trees, with strong ability to smoke and stagnate dust, conserve water, fix soil and prevent sand and beautify the environment. It is produced in southern and southwestern provinces and regions of China. It is also distributed in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan, and is often cultivated in other countries. The Yibin area of Sichuan Province has the most extensive growth area. The main breeding bases are Shuyang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other places.
3. Cultivation value
Species are important timber and special economic tree species in subtropical regions (southwest region), roots, wood, branches and leaves can extract camphor, camphor oil, the main components of oil are camphor, terpine dicyclic hydrocarbons, camphorene, limonene, eugenol and so on. Camphor is used for medicine, plastics, explosives, antiseptics, insecticides, etc., and camphor oil can be used as raw materials such as pesticides, mineral processing, soap, fake paint and flavors; Excellent wood material, insect pest resistance, water and moisture resistance, for construction, shipbuilding, furniture, cabinets, plates, carving, etc.; The branches and leaves are dense, and the tree shape is beautiful and can be used as a green sidewalk tree and a windproof forest. The wood of the camphor tree is corrosion-resistant, insect-proof, dense and fragrant. It is a good material for furniture and carving; In addition to being used to refine camphor, or cultivated as a street tree and landscape tree, camphor also has the effect of strengthening the heart, relieving heat and killing insects.
4. Plant non-test tube efficient and fast propagation technology
The traditional method of propagation using cuttings or strips, Beijing Kaiyuan Chuangzhong Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. adopts the plant non-test tube efficient and rapid propagation technology (TERNPC) invented by researcher Li Changxiao, only need to take a micromaterial (one leaf and one bud) as the seed, plant leaves on the seedbed, the material is simple, and the time to root into seedlings is greatly shortened. Using this technology to carry out micro-material asexual fast propagation of camphor, workers who have undergone simple training can produce 3500 to 5000 seedlings per day, which can produce seedlings without variation, low cost, short cycle, large scale and industrialization, and quickly supply seedlings to all sectors of society. Plant non-test tube efficient fast propagation technology is a new plant cloning new system, completely out of the laboratory conditions, seedling facilities are simple, than conventional seedlings greatly save germplasm material, seedling root system is more developed, the amount of explants used to propagate the unit material is 3 to 8 times less than the conventional seedling dosage; inoculation speed is extremely fast, labor efficiency is extremely high.