Does the car "turn around" or "turn around"? "Lose the smiley face" or "accompany the smiley face"? "Burned" or "pasted" I believe that many people see these problems in their hearts have a feeling of uncertainty, today Xiaobian will take stock of these common and easily overlooked text knowledge in daily life and work, to provide help for everyone to standardize writing.
01“...... Like "whether it is written when making an adjective"... Like a place"
“...... "Like" means "similar to something or situation." It can be said that in modern Chinese, "like" has solidified into a complete word, or has been "wordized". Therefore, in the sentence, "like" should be treated as a separate word. In the adjective position or other position, it should be written as "like", and it should not be written as "like the ground". For example:
(1) I didn't wake up and talked for a while, and then I left.
(2) There was a student who ran past me like a gust of wind.
(3) If you have the guts of a rabbit, you can't do anything.
(4) Meteor-like figures, in the flash of history, disappeared.
(5) The flowers are as red as fire.
(6) The moonlight dissolves, and when you push the door, the yard is white, as if it is snowing.
02 "U-turn" or "U-turn"
Signs on the street indicating traffic read: "Please detour to the bridge and make a U-turn." Some people criticized that it should be changed to "ask the vehicle to detour under the bridge to turn around", because "U-turn" means "head landing on the ground". What do you think about this?
"U-turn" is a word that has two meanings. One meaning is that the person turns his head and turns in the opposite direction. For example; "He turned around and was taken aback. "When someone told him he didn't like to hear it, he turned around and looked somewhere else." Another meaning of "U-turn" is that the vehicle turns in the opposite direction. The Modern Chinese Dictionary states that "U-turn" means "(cars, boats, etc.) turning in the opposite direction." For example:
(1) The car can not make a U-turn here, to make a U-turn, please go to the front intersection.
(2) The river here is too narrow for the boat to turn around, so let's go to the confluence of the two rivers.
(3) He went on his bicycle, and halfway down, he suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to bring his certificate, and hurriedly turned around and came back.
"Falling" also means "turning in the opposite direction". For example:
(4) As soon as I opened my eyes, the mirror fell again, and there was still a skeleton standing on the reverse side. (Dream of the Red Chamber The Twelfth Time
(5) The mother-in-law turned the cotton pants over, dropped them, and looked and looked. (The Second Episode of "The Legend of the New Children's Heroes")
The "turn" in the "U-turn" that means to make the car turn around should be understood as "turning in the opposite direction", so the "U-turn under the bridge" is written correctly.
03 "Burned" or "Pasted"
Food, clothing, etc. are grilled and scorched, yellowed or blackened, which is called "simmering". For example: "Rice is simmered", "The cake is burned", "Pants are baked".
Although "paste" also has the meaning of "zoomed due to barbecue", this is not the main meaning of "paste", that is, "paste" only has the use of "same as '煳'", but this usage is not its main usage. Therefore, it means that this term should be dominated by "煳".
04 "Pull the trigger" or "Pull the trigger"
Is it correct to write "pull the trigger", or is it correct to write "pull the trigger"?
"Buckle" has the meaning of "hook" and "pull" (see the "Hanyu Da Dictionary"), for example, Liu Baiyu's "Happiness in Battle" said: "I have built a new battle platform, and I continue to buckle one shot at a time." When meaning "pull the trigger of the gun", it is advisable to write "pull".
"Cutting" has the meaning of "digging out from the inside with a finger or a small thing", but there is no meaning of "hooking". Therefore, it is not appropriate to write "pull the trigger", it is advisable to write "pull the trigger" or "pull the bolt".
05 "Greetings" or "Greetings"
"Blessing" means the same thing as "blessing", and there are two uses: one refers to the words used by the ancients to pray during sacrifice. For example: "This is the blessing/blessing that the ancients said when they held the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the heavens." The second refers to words of good wishes or celebration spoken during ceremonies or meetings. For example, "General Assembly Greetings/Greetings", "New Year Greetings/Greetings", "New Year Greetings/Greetings" and so on.
"Blessing" and "blessing" not only have the same meaning, but also pronounce the same pronunciation. Words with this relationship are called "alien words". That is to say, words with the same phonetic meaning and the same usage, but words with different forms written in writing, can be regarded as a group of heterogeneous words. For example, "stroke" and "stroke", "imitation" and "imitation", "red tongtong" and "red tongtong" are three groups of alien words.
In modern Chinese, there are about one or two thousand groups of alien words circulating in social language life. The Ministry of Education and the State Language and Writing Work Committee issued the "First Batch of Alien Words Collation Table" in December 2001 and trial-implemented in March 2002. This table collates 338 groups of common heteromorphic words and specifies recommended inflections. For example, the above-mentioned "stroke", "imitation" and "red tongtong" are recommended as canonical glyphs, while "strokes", "imitations" and "red passes" are not recommended. Now, language reference books mostly use the morphology recommended by the table.
06 "Wax Plum" or "Wax Plum"
In different reference books, you can see two different ways of writing "Lamei" and "Wax Plum". For example, the Xinhua Dictionary (Commercial Press, 1998 edition) is "wax plum", while the Small Dictionary of Modern Chinese (Commercial Press, 1981 edition) is "Wax Plum". How exactly should it be written?
The Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th edition, June 2005) treats "wax plum" and "lamei" as a pair of alien words, and recommends the use of "wax plum". Wax plum is a deciduous shrub with opposite, ovate leaves, and grow leaves after flowering. The outer layer of the petals is yellow, like beeswax, and the aroma is strong and can be seen. There are many types of wax plums, the flowering period is different, and some bloom in the lunar calendar waxing moon, so it is also called "wax plum".
Flora of China (1979 edition) states that the wax plum family includes two "genera", "summer wax plum" and "wax plum". Among the two "genera", there are various wax plums, some flowering from May to July, some from August to October, and some from November to March of the following year, and so on. Therefore, it is more appropriate to refer to this plant collectively as "wax plum". In this way, one can show that its petals are waxy and waxy; the other is to cover the wax plums of various flowering periods.
Ci Hai (sixth edition) is written as "Wax Plum". In recent years, various reference books have gradually adjusted "Wax Plum" to "Wax Plum".
Tips: Historically, "wax plum" and "wax plum" coexisted. For example, in the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", it is written as "wax plum", while in the Ming Dynasty Xu Guangqi's "Complete Book of Agricultural Politics", it is written as "Wax Plum".
07 "In the here" and "on the occasion"
"Imminent" means "a situation is about to arise or occur in the nearest period". For example, the sixteenth time in the "History of Ru LinWai" says: "Now that the exam is imminent, ask him to sign up for the exam." Another example is the "Qing History Manuscript • Biography of Dolgun": "The army is imminent, but the west can be east." Another example is Sun Li's "Tongkou Old Things I" said: "The beginning of the school is imminent, and I hope to go to Baoding every day." ”
"In the immediate" means differently than "on the occasion". "On occasion" refers to "when something happens", such as "graduation" and "graduation is imminent". "Graduation" means "graduation time", which means that it is already at the moment of graduation and is dealing with things related to graduation; while "graduation is imminent" means that graduation is in front of us, it is close to the present, but it is not really the time of "graduation". There is a difference in time between the two.
08 Why is the statement "in learning Chinese" incorrect
"In ... There are limits to the composition in the middle of this statement. The preposition "in" often consists of "in... on " or " in ... The format of "under" indicates the premises. For example: "Grow on the mountain" "Nest under the eaves". In addition to denoting the premises, "in ... On """In... Under" is also often used in extended terms. For example:
(1) In terms of ideology and concept, we still need to further improve ourselves.
(2) In terms of quality, it should be taken to a new level.
(3) With the help of the teacher, Li Xiaomao made rapid progress.
(4) Under the leadership of the squad leader, the workers quickly completed the loading and unloading task.
From these few examples, we can see the general law of these two statements:
From (1) to (2), it can be seen that "in ... The word "on" generally means "aspect". Therefore, "in terms of ideology" can also be said to be "in terms of ideas"; "in terms of quality" can also be said to be "in terms of quality".
From (3) to (4), it can be seen that "in ... "Under" sometimes means "condition". Therefore, the "with the help of the teacher" in the sentence is the condition for "rapid progress", and "under the leadership of the class leader" is the condition for "quick completion of the loading and unloading task".
At the same time, we can also see that one of the common denominators of (1) to (4) is that "in ... On """In... In the middle of "the next", there are nouns or noun partial orthodox phrases, that is, they are all noun components. That is to say, between these two statements, there are generally only noun components, and no verb components. If we say "in terms of ideas" as "in changing ideas and concepts," we will feel awkward.
"Learning Chinese" is a verb phrase, a verb, so the phrase "in learning Chinese" is inappropriate. If you change it to "in the study of Chinese", it will be natural, because the "learning of Chinese" is a noun partial positive phrase.
09 Is the way to write "with a smiley face" correct?
Some people write "with a smiley face", some people write "with a smiley face", which way is correct? The "smiley face" is correctly written.
"Losing a smiley face" means putting on a smile on someone in the hope that the other person will be happy or calm their anger. "Compensation" and "compensation caution" should also be written "compensation", and the "accompaniment" of "accompaniment" cannot be written. "Losing a smile" means the same as "losing a smiley face", "he said with a smile", or it can be said to be "he said with a smiley face".
Historically, there are two ways to write "laughing" and "laughing". For example, in the Song Dynasty Xin Renjie's "Tang Duoling", there is "suddenly leaning on people to accompany laughter", in "Journey to the West" there is "walkers accompanying laughter", in "Dream of the Red Chamber" there is "Xiaohong came up to accompany laughter"; and in Tang Xianzu's "Peony Pavilion" in the Ming Dynasty, there is "Liu Yi laughing in the Dragon Palace". The current normative writing method is "losing laughter" and "losing smiley face".
10 Is the statement "involved" correct?
We often see the "involved" argument, is this a proper statement?
"Involved" means "involved, associated", where "involved" is the meaning of "involved, related", and "is" to the meaning. That is to say, there is already "to" in "involved", which has already indicated the meaning of "involved", so the term "involved" is inappropriate, and it is appropriate to delete the word "to".
This article is excerpted from: "The Missing Language Lessons - Common Sense That You Despise", by Du Yongdao, published by People's Daily newspaper
Source: Journalism & Writing
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