It is predicted that in 2020, the overall occurrence of cotton diseases and insect pests in The country is moderate, and the estimated occurrence area is 120 million mu, of which cotton aphids, cotton blind aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton thrips, cotton bollworms, underground pests (slugs, grubs, golden needle worms, ground tigers), seedling diseases (standing blight, cataplex, anthrax), blight, verticillium wilt, bell disease (blight, anthrax, red rot, black fruit disease, powdery mildew, aspergillus, gray mold, etc.) and other diseases will occur in all cotton areas, whiteflies, twill night moth, Secondary diseases and insects such as red leaf stem blight occur locally. In order to effectively do a good job in the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests in cotton in 2020, and to ensure the safety of cotton production, ecological safety and quality safety, this plan is specially formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
The control and disposal rate of major diseases and insects has reached more than 95%, the area of application of green prevention and control technology and the area of specialized prevention and control have reached more than 25%, the overall control effect has reached more than 85%, the loss rate of disease and insect harm has been controlled within 8%, and the use of chemical pesticides has decreased significantly.
Second, prevention and control strategies
In view of the main diseases and insects in each growth period of cotton, the measures of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" are adopted to prevent pre-sowing and seedling stages, control pests during the growth period, and protect the bell period to ensure production. Priority is given to the use of resistant (resistant) varieties, agronomic and biological control technologies, giving play to the compensatory role of cotton itself, and using ecological regulation and natural predator control to enhance the sustainability and safety of cotton fields. The prevention and treatment of pharmaceutical agents shall be carried out in accordance with the standards, and the biologically sourced, low-toxicity and environment-friendly agents shall be preferentially selected, and the rational and precise use of drugs shall be given.
3. Prevention and control measures
(1) Prevention and control priorities
1． Cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin: including Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Tianjin, Shanxi and Shaanxi cotton areas. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton blind aphids, cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, prevent blight, verticillium wilt, seedling disease, bell disease, red leaf stem blight, and locally do a good job in the prevention and control of underground pests, cotton thrips, weevils, and bacterial horn spot diseases.
2． Yangtze River Basin cotton area: including Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi and Hunan cotton areas. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton blind aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, twill moths, blight, verticillium wilt, prevent seedling diseases, boll diseases, and red leaf stem blight, and pay attention to the prevention and control of cotton aphids, red bollworms, cotton thrips, and tobacco whitefly.
3． Northwest inland cotton area: including Xinjiang and Gansu cotton areas. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, cotton thrips, cotton blind bugs, whitefly, blight, verticillium wilt, seedling disease, and red leaf stem blight.
(2) Main technical measures
1． sowing date
Prevention targets: seedling disease, blight, verticillium wilt, cotton aphid, cotton leaf mite, cotton blind bug, cotton thrips, underground pests, etc.
(1) Select (resistant) blight, verticillium wilt and insect resistant varieties.
(2) According to the main species of diseases and insects at the seedling stage in each cotton area, select the appropriate seed coating agent and do a good job of seed agent treatment.
(3) Select sterile soil bowl seedlings to cultivate disease-free seedlings. The recurrent areas of Verticillium wilt in the northwest inland cotton area have been turned into soil 60 cm deep.
(4) Remove cotton fields, mounds and roadside weeds to reduce the population base of cotton blind bugs, cotton thrips and cotton leaf mites.
(5) Before and after sowing, control the cotton aphids and whitefly of greenhouses around the cotton field, indoor flowers, and wintering aphids on the outdoor wintering host, and lower the source base of insects.
2． seedling stage
Control objects: seedling disease, cotton aphid, blight, verticillium wilt, cotton leaf mite, cotton blind bug, cotton thrips, underground pests, etc.
(1) Postpone stubble eradication. After wheat and rapeseed are harvested, the straw is stacked in the field for 2-3 days, so that the natural enemies can be fully transferred to the cotton plants and the benefits and harms are controlled.
(2) Seedling disease: timely prevention and control at the beginning of the disease, especially in low temperature and rainy weather, timely spraying of Bacillus subtilis, polyantimycin, xyrrherol and other agents to control.
(3) Cotton aphid: mainly controlled by natural predators; before the Yellow River Basin and the northwest inland cotton area directly sow cotton before 3 true leaves, when the amount of aphids is large, the curly leaf plant rate reaches 5-10%, or the curling plant rate after 4 true leaves is 10-20%, and the drug point is picked.
(4) Cotton leaf mite: when the cotton field mite plant rate is less than 15%, the central plant is provoked, and the whole field is uniformly controlled when it exceeds 15%, and agents such as butyl etherurea and bifenthrin can be selected.
(5) Cotton blind bug: Cotton seedling nutrition bowl in the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin is applied to the dowry before transplanting. When the number of nymphs in 100 plants in Daejeon reaches 3, medicinal control is carried out.
(6) Ground tiger: the use of sugar, wine and vinegar to trap adult insects before laying eggs, the beginning of the adult insects began, set up a sexual attractant to scatter the core and dry moth trap to trap the adult insects, and lower the base.
(7) Blight, verticillium wilt: in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, dredging the "three ditches" (waigou, horizontal ditch, box ditch), increasing the application of decomposing organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer, reasonable increase in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, supplement micro fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer can choose ammonium bicarbonate as topdressing. Before the onset of the disease or at the beginning of the disease, the drug is used 2-3 times continuously, with an interval of 10 days, and the foliar spray is combined with the spray irrigation root.
3． Bud period
Control objects: cotton blind bugs, cotton bollworms, cotton leaf mites, blight, verticillium wilt, red leaf stem blight, etc.
(1) Timely whole branches, cultivated and weededed; when there is a lot of rain, pay attention to clearing the ditch and draining the water, reduce the soil moisture, and spray methylphenidate in a timely manner according to the growth of cotton plants to control the growth.
(2) Cotton blind bugs: cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin, focusing on the prevention and control of early occurrence, weeds and early-onset cotton fields adjacent to jujube gardens and forests. Insect pheromones were used to trap adult green blind bugs. When the number of 100 insects reaches 5, the drug control should be carried out, and the application time should be before 9 a.m. or after 4 p.m., and the drug should be applied inward from Tanabe. In the northwest inland cotton area, the cotton blind bug recurrence area was combined with cotton thrips and cotton aphid control in early June.
(3) Cotton bollworm: early onset non-insect-resistant cotton field, cotton bollworm adult stage using sexual attractants matching dry moth traps, or strips of biological food traps to trap adult insects; when cotton bollworm hundred plants accumulate 100 eggs for control. Preferential use of cotton bollworm karyotype polyhedra virus, cabbage nocturnal moth karyotype polyhedral virus, Thuringiensis (Bt., insect-resistant cotton field prohibited), short stable bacillus and other biological pesticides. Chemical agents can be selected from insecticides, pediculum urea, flussel urea, fluridine, indicovirus, polycycides and so on.
(4) Cotton leaf mites: When the spot occurs, the acaricide is selected to control the harm.
(5) Blight and verticillium wilt: Before the onset of disease in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, when the disease plant is first seen, timely medication is used to control the disease.
(6) Red leaf stem blight: potassium fertilizer is sprayed after budding, and boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed according to the soil nutrient conditions to prevent and control the onset of the disease.
4． Flower bell period
Control objects: cotton aphid, cotton leaf mite, cotton bollworm, cotton blind bug, cotton thrips, twill nocturnal moth, boll disease, etc.
(1) Bell disease: timely remove empty branches, beat old leaves, remove rotten bells and twill nocturnal moth eggs and bring them out of the field for deep burial treatment, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduce field humidity and depression, and reduce the base number of diseases and insects in the field. At the same time, the excessive and late application of nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided to prevent cotton from growing greedily. In the area where bell disease is common, the buds and young bells are focused on appropriate spray prevention before the onset of the disease or at the beginning of the disease. Prevention before rain, timely spraying after rain to control the occurrence of bell disease.
(2) Cotton bollworm: use sex attractants and biological food attractants to trap adult insects and reduce the amount of eggs dropped in the field. At the flowering stage, when there are 10 10 young larvae (1-3 years old) of insect-resistant cotton and 100 eggs of non-insect-resistant cotton, the drug is controlled.
(3) When the population density of cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton blind bugs, twill nocturnal moths and other insect populations reaches the control index, that is, the average amount of 3-leaf aphids in the upper, middle and lower 3-leaf aphids of a single plant is 200-300 heads, and the whole plant is evenly sprayed, and at the same time, the treatment of whitefly and cotton thrips is also treated in rotation to avoid or delay the development of drug resistance; the cotton leaf mites are picked and treated when the patches occur, and the whole field is controlled when the continuous pieces occur; the number of 100 insects in the cotton blind aphids and 2 eggs of the twill nocturnal moth is prevented in time.
Fourth, the main promotion technology
(1) Cleaning of pastoral gardens and autumn ploughing techniques
After the cotton harvest, the cotton stalks are pulled out in time and the fields are cleaned to remove the remains of diseases and insects. Autumn ploughing is deep, and the autumn and winter irrigation in the conditional cotton area is water conservation, and the overwintering base of diseases and insects is depressed.
(2) Select disease- and insect-resistant varieties
According to local conditions, blight-resistant and verticillium wilt-resistant varieties are selected, and the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin select high-quality and high-yield varieties of insect-resistant cotton on the basis of selecting disease-resistant varieties.
(3) Seed treatment technology
According to the main diseases and insect species at the seedling stage in each cotton area, suitable insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators or special seed coating agents are selected to treat seeds. Insecticides can be selected from imidacloprid or thiamethoxine seed treatment agents, fungicides and plant growth regulators can choose Bacillus subtilis, amino oligosaccharides, brassinolide, phenylethiconazole, clonylonitrile and the like.
(4) Protection and utilization of technologies by natural enemies
1． Protection and utilization of natural predators. In the early stage of cotton growth, attention should be paid to the protection and utilization of natural natural enemies in cotton fields, and the role of natural enemies in controlling harm should be brought into full play. After wheat and rapeseed are harvested, the straw is placed in the field for 2-3 days, which is conducive to the transfer of natural enemies such as ladybirds to the cotton field. During the occurrence period of seedling aphids, when the natural enemy units in the cotton field (1 seven-star ladybird, 2 spiders, 2 aphid lions, 4 aphid flylets, and 120 aphid cocoon bees are 1 natural enemy units) and the aphid population ratio, the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin is higher than 1:120, the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin is higher than 1:320, and the cotton area of the northwest inland is higher than 1:150, no drug control is applied, and the natural enemy is used to control aphids. In the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin, chemical pesticides are generally not applied to control seedling aphids from the seedling stage to the bud stage.
2． Artificial release of red-eyed wasps. Adult cotton bollworms artificially release eggs parasitic bee borer yellow red-eyed bees or pine caterpillar red-eyed bees at the peak stage, and the amount of bees released is 10,000 heads/mu each time, and the bees are released 2-3 times per generation, with an interval of 3-5 days, reducing the amount of cotton bollworm larvae.
(5) Pesticides of biological origin
At the beginning of the hatching of cotton bollworm eggs, spraying cotton bollworm karyo-type polyhedral virus, kale nocturnal moth karyotype polyhedral virus, short stable bacillus, Bt., etc.; spraying of twill nocturnal moth nucleotype polyhedral virus and coccidioid albicans at the beginning of hatching of twill nocturnal moth eggs not only has a good control effect, but also effectively protects natural enemies; the application of averatine and other control of cotton aphids and bollworms; the use of Bacillus subtilis, amino oligosaccharin, allicin seed treatment, seedling and bud stage with water drip irrigation or foliar spray to prevent seedling disease and wilt wilt disease The use of polyantimycin to prevent fungal bell disease.
(6) Insect pheromone booby-trap technology
Cotton bollworm overwintering adult insects from the initial stage to the end of the last adult insect, a large area of continuous use of cotton bollworm sexual attractants, each acre set up a swing core and dry moth trapper; the Yangtze River Basin cotton area twill nocturnal moth common area, large area of continuous use of twill nocturnal attractant, 1 volatile core and nocturnal moth type trap per acre, cluster trap to kill adult insects, reduce the amount of eggs in the field. Continuous application of biological food attractants, 1-2 days before the main pest of the nocturnal moth family (cotton bollworm, ground tiger, clover nocturnal moth, etc.) is feathered, driped in a striped manner, and evenly applied to the top leaf surface of a row of cotton plants every 50-80 meters, which can trap adult insects.
(7) Ecological regulation and biodiversity utilization technologies
Crops such as alfalfa or early maturing rapeseed are planted in the fields around the cotton fields in the northwest inland cotton area and under the forest belt, attracting, cultivating and conserving natural enemies, and enhancing the control ability of natural enemies to cotton aphids, cotton bollworms and cotton leaf mites. Cotton bollworm common occurrence area, cotton field set planting corn, ramie strips, lure cotton bollworm adult worms to lay eggs, concentrated killing. Promote the planting of cotton and winter wheat flowers to protect and utilize natural enemies.
(8) Rational use of drugs
1． Pharmaceutical prevention and control should be carried out in accordance with the prevention and control indicators to meet the standards of medicine, give priority to the selection of eco-friendly biological drug varieties, and pay attention to the protection of natural predators.
2． Rational rotation and mixing of different mechanisms of action agents avoids the use of the same agent multiple times a season. Strictly implement the operating procedures for the use of pesticides and comply with the interval between pesticide safety.
Source: National Agricultural Technology Center