Yin Yanjun
Abstract: Wu'an goats are distributed in a narrow strip from southwest to northeast in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei and Yujin, with typical geographical distribution characteristics, mostly in mountainous areas with small-scale or open free range. In this paper, the terms and definitions of the epidemic prevention conditions of Taihang goats, epidemic prevention conditions, process layout, immunization procedures, immunization operations, immune precautions, immune effect monitoring, deworming and disinfection are used to introduce the prevention, control and deworming of this breed in the Taihang Mountains. Achieve prevention first, reduce the occurrence of diseases, achieve healthy breeding, and increase economic benefits.
Keywords: Wu'an goat epidemic prevention conditions immune deworming disinfection
Yin Yan Jr.
Wu 'an Institute of Animal Health Supervision, Hebei Province 056300
Abstract: Wu 'an goats are distributed in the narrow and narrow area from southwest to northeast of Taihang Mountain in Hebei, Henan and Jin provinces. They have typical geographical distribution characteristics and are mainly raised in small scale or open range in mountainous areas. In this paper, the term and definition of epidemic prevention conditions, epidemic prevention conditions, technological layout, immunization program, immunization operation, immunization precautions, immunization effect monitoring, insect repellent and disinfection of Taihang goat were introduced in the breeding process of this breed in Taihang mountain area. To achieve prevention, reduce the occurrence of disease, to achieve healthy breeding, increase economic benefits.
Key words: Wu 'an goat epidemic prevention condition immunity disinfestation disinfection
The beautiful Taihang Mountain Spirit - Wu'an Goat
Wu'an goat is an ancient local breed formed by natural reproduction, distributed in China's Jiyu Jin Taihang Mountain Breeding, Taihang goat physique is strong, medium physique, moderate size, small ears extended forward, ram, ewe have hair, most of them have horns, a few hornless or horned base. The ram horns are round and thick and short, the ewe horns are thin and short, the neck is short and thick, the chest is deep and wide, the back and waist are straight, the rear drive is higher than the front drive, the limbs are strong, and the hooves are strong. The tail is short and upturned. Coat color is mainly black, a few are brown, blue, gray or white.
"National treasure" grade germplasm resources, Taihang Mountain thousand years of incubation
Wu'an goat is a major breed in traditional agriculture and animal husbandry in the Taihang Mountains. On May 28, 2020, it was once again included in the National Inventory for the Protection of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources. In recent years, with the transformation of the national economy and the adjustment and optimization of the agricultural co-giving side, Wu'an goats are more and more favored by farmers for their easy breeding, high meat yield, strong adaptability and high economic value for local large-scale breeding. With the local government's policy of benefiting farmers for the protection of taihang goat breeds for many years, the number of breeding has been increasing. At present, most of the farms (households) in mountainous areas are mainly small-scale house feeding and free range breeding, and once the disease occurs, the disease will spread rapidly in the sheep and may spread to other sheep farms. The risk of an outbreak in a sheep farm not only endangers the survival of the enterprise, but also involves zoonotic infectious diseases and food hygiene and safety issues.
It can be grazed in captivity in both mountainous and plain areas
Wu'an goat local standard review list
According to my many years of research and prevention experience in the Taihang Mountains (Wu'an City, Hebei Province), I have adopted the following scientific and effective epidemic prevention conditions, process layout, immunization procedures, immunization operations, immunization precautions, immune effect monitoring, deworming, disinfection and other technologies that have achieved obvious results, are easy to operate and low cost according to local conditions. Carry out this technology to implement disease prevention and control, general farms (households) can reduce goat mortality, increase economic income, and protect the healthy development of the breeding industry in the short term.
Resistant to rough feeding and strong resistance to stress
1. Environmental conditions of the feedlot
1.1 It shall comply with the relevant requirements of the overall economic and social development plan, land use development plan, urban and rural construction development and environmental protection plan of the region.
1.2 The terrain is high and dry, the air is fresh and well ventilated. When building a farm in a mountainous area, the sunny slope should be selected as much as possible, and the main wind direction in the summer should not be more than 30 °.
1.3 Carry out risk assessment according to the natural barriers, artificial barriers, administrative divisions, feeding environment, animal distribution, etc. around the site, as well as the occurrence and epidemic status of animal diseases, and confirm the site selection according to the assessment results.
2 Planning and layout of the feedlot
2.1 Building Layout
2.1.1 Feedlots shall set up living management areas, production auxiliary areas, production areas, isolation and treatment areas, and harmless treatment areas in turn, which are conducive to epidemic prevention.
2.1.2 The spacing between the fence and the sheep barn shall generally not be less than 6 m, the distance between each row of sheep barns shall not be less than 6 m, and the gable distance between the two adjacent sheep barns shall not be less than 18 m.
2.1.3 The feeding area is separated from other areas by a fence or green barrier; a personnel changing and disinfection room and vehicle disinfection facilities are set up at the entrance of the breeding area.
2.1.4 Production areas shall be closed to prevent the entry of outsiders and animals.
2.1.5 The isolation and treatment area shall set up a treatment room and an isolation room for patients and sheep.
2.1.6 The harmless treatment area shall set up a fecal storage yard and a sick and dead waste treatment facility; the isolation area and the harmless treatment area shall be located in the downwind or low-lying place where the dominant wind direction of the field area is dominant throughout the year, and the harmless treatment area shall be closed.
2.1.7 Mandatory disinfection facilities shall be established in feedlots for foreigners or vehicles.
2.2 Road planning and construction shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the NY/T682 livestock and poultry farm design technical specifications, and the clean and dirty roads shall be separated.
2.3 Have anti-fly, anti-mosquito and anti-rat facilities.
3 Immunization
3.1 Principles
Establish a scientific epidemic prevention system based on biosecurity by strengthening comprehensive measures such as feeding management, farm hygiene, disinfection, insect repellent, immunization, quarantine, isolation, and harmless treatment. For the agricultural and rural administrative departments at or above the provincial level, the sheep hygiene, disinfection, deworming, immunization, monitoring, quarantine, isolation, harmless treatment, etc. of sheep shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations; if not clearly stipulated, epidemic prevention may be carried out according to the local epidemic characteristics and antibody monitoring.
3.2 Immune species
All sheep were immunized to foot-and-mouth disease, Clostridium weiss disease, enterotoxemia, and dysentery in lambs. Targeted immunization is carried out against sheep in areas where brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants, anthrax, tetanus, goat pox and other epidemic areas have occurred.
3.3 Immune surveillance
3.3.1 In accordance with the requirements of the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China and its supporting regulations, combined with the epidemic situation of local sheep, monitoring in accordance with the monitoring plan of the competent agricultural department.
3.3.2 The duration of monitoring should be carried out 15 to 30 days after the completion of immunization.
3.4 The recommended immunization procedure for Wu'an goats is shown in Appendix 1 of the Normative.
3.5 Immunooperatives
3.5.1 Baoding
The necessary method of inoculating sheep is carried out.
3.5.2 Injection site
Available on the side of the neck, buttocks, medial femur, subcutaneously or muscularly.
3.5.3 Injection site treatment;
Disinfect topically with 3% to 5% iodine preparations, followed by deiodization with 75% alcohol (shearing if necessary).
4 Deworming
4.1 Focus on the prevention and control of parasitic diseases
Focus on the prevention and control of exopararasitic diseases such as mites, ticks, sheep fly maggots and demodex fleas, as well as internal parasitic diseases such as nematode disease, tapeworm disease and trematode disease.
4.2 Deworming time and method
According to the epidemiological characteristics of various parasitic diseases and the results of fecal egg examination, deworming is carried out in late autumn and early spring and before the start of house feeding, and ewes should not be dewormed during pregnancy. The expulsion of parasites on the surface of the sheep should be carried out by medicinal baths, drug injections, and external anthelmintics, etc., and the expulsion of parasites in sheep should be carried out by oral and injectable drugs.
4.3 Free-range open sheep farms, in addition to deworming according to procedures, deworming at any time according to the results of fecal monitoring.
4.4 While deworming, the breeding environment of sheep is comprehensively sterilized, disinfected and cleaned.
4.5 References for recommended deworming drugs are shown in Appendix 2.
5 Immunization considerations
5.1 Vaccines should be stored and managed in strict accordance with the requirements of cold chain transportation and preservation of biological products, and follow the precautions in the instructions. Inactivated vaccines are strictly protected from freezing and are used during the effective period of the vaccine.
5.2 Newly introduced sheep shall be vaccinated after the end of the prescribed quarantine period.
5.3 In accordance with the quarantine regulations of the local agricultural and rural department, only healthy sheep can be vaccinated, but pregnant ewes are careful to vaccinate with weakly toxic seedlings.
5.4 Do not use the corresponding antiserum at the same time as vaccination, avoid transport and reduce stress for one week after vaccination.
5.5 Alcohol as a disinfectant should not be in contact with weakly toxic seedlings.
5.6 When disinfecting and deworming, pay attention to prevent poisoning of lambs and pregnant ewes, and use caution with reference to the drug instructions.
5.7 The interval between the application of the two vaccines shall be strictly in accordance with the relevant regulations. After the administration of the vaccine, pay attention to the status of the flock, and immediately notify the relevant veterinary staff of the problem and deal with it in a timely and scientific manner.
6 Disinfection
6.1 Disinfection of sheep farms
6.1.1 Disinfect the environment, roads, activity fields and utensils inside and outside the sheep farm at least once a week in summer and at least once a month in winter.
6.1.2 Regular cleaning and disinfection of feeding tanks, sinks, utensils, sheep beds and other facilities used in sheep houses.
6.1.3 The disinfectant in and out of the passage disinfection pool should maintain an effective concentration to prevent icing in winter.
6.2 Disinfection of free-range pens
6.2.1 Sheep barns (pens) and utensils shall be disinfected at least once a week in summer and at least once a month in winter.
6.3 Non-toxic, odorless and residue-free drugs should be selected and must not affect the health performance of sheep.
6.4 Commonly used disinfectant drugs and methods of use in sheep farms, see Appendix 3.
7 Harmless treatment
Sick and dead sheep are only treated harmlessly in accordance with the regulations. Areas using centralized harmless treatment of livestock and poultry should comply with the provisions of the competent agricultural departments; the local agricultural authorities should report suspected of being suspicious: manure shall be disinfected by piling dung and stacked fermentation methods; medical waste should be classified and collected and treated harmlessly.
8 Epidemic prevention records
All epidemic prevention records are kept for more than 10 years.
This article has been published in the journal "China Animal Husbandry" magazine 2021.1, it is strictly forbidden to plagiarize, reprint!