In more than two thousand years of feudal society, there has always been a force against the feudal dynasty as the ruling class, and this force that cannot be ignored is the peasant uprising. Since the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, the rise and fall of dynasties accompanied by successive peasant uprisings, the Song Dynasty has erupted more than 400 peasant uprisings of all sizes, most of which are the result of social oppression. Natural disasters, plagues, and the harsh taxes and taxes of the imperial court, from starvation in the wilderness and the people's lack of livelihood to the unveiling of the pole, to put it bluntly, the peasants really can't eat enough, and if they don't rebel, they can only starve to death.
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's Peasant Uprising: The Pioneering Work of the Chinese Peasant Uprising
The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang peasant uprisings, also known as the Dazexiang Uprising, occurred in the last years of the Qin Dynasty. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, the even more brutal and unkind Qin II Hu Hai succeeded to the throne, appointing the traitor Zhao Gao, and the military service and conscription made the peasants heavy, the taxes became more serious, the laws became more severe, the punishments more severe, and the world suffered for a long time.
Chen Sheng wu guang revolted
In the summer of 209 BC, the imperial court sent Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, and more than 900 other peasants to Yuyang to defend the Great Wall, and when they reached Daze Township, they were blocked by heavy rain, the road was muddy, and it was difficult to travel, and they could not reach their destination on time. Therefore, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang used such tactics as "Fish Belly Danshu" and "Bonfire Fox Singing" to play the slogan of "the prince will have a kind of xiangning", launched a peasant uprising, and established the Zhang Chu regime, and all localities responded, but due to Chen Sheng's arrogance and limitations, coupled with the cruel suppression of the Qin general Zhang Handan, they finally failed.
Green Forest Red Brow Peasant Uprising: Green Forest Good Man
The Peasant Revolt of Lulin Chimei occurred in the last year of the Western Han Dynasty, after Wang Mang usurped the Han reform system, he acted perversely, and social contradictions intensified, coupled with years of natural disasters. In 17 AD, Fan Chong, Wang Kuang, Wang Feng and others organized a peasant uprising launched by the local people who were suffering from famine, the Green Forest Army, led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, and the Chimei Army led by Fan Chong, the two roads defeated the Xinmang army, and the momentum rose sharply, and later joined forces with Liu Yan, Liu Xiu and other rebels of the Western Han imperial family, successfully overthrowing the Xinmang Dynasty and establishing the "Changshi Regime".
Green Forest Red Brow Peasant Revolt
In the end, Liu Xiu, the son of the face who shouted "Liu Clan Revival, Li Clan Fufu", broke the Green Forest Red Eyebrows, established the Eastern Han Dynasty, and opened the prosperity of Guangwu Zhongxing. The vigorous Green Forest Chimei Uprising eventually failed, but the word "Green Forest" became synonymous with the heroes Hao Jie who "gathered in the mountains and forests and rebelled against the imperial court" in later generations.
Liu Xiu
The Yellow Turban Peasant Revolt: The First Religious Mutiny in Chinese History
In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were constant wars on the frontier, natural disasters were endless, foreign relatives were in power, eunuchs were in power, the imperial court was strict in taxation, local power and power were combined, and land annexation was serious. The giant deer Zhang Jiao, Zhang Jiao, who called himself a great sage and good teacher, together with his brothers Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang, spread the Taiping Dao, shouting the slogan of "The heavens are dead, the yellow sky is standing, the age is in the jiazi, the world is auspicious", in 184, the army was officially raised, the world responded, and they wore the yellow turban on their heads, and under the suppression of famous generals such as Huang Fusong, Zhu Juan, and Lu Zhi, the yellow turban army was greatly defeated. However, the Yellow Turban Uprising, the largest in Chinese history and a peasant uprising with religious ideas as the main purpose, directly shook the foundation of the Han Dynasty's rule, and the powerful and powerful in various places rose up one after another, and the magnificent Three Kingdoms struggle for hegemony began.
Yellow Turban Uprising
Peasant Revolt at the End of Sui: A Magnificent Epic of Sui and Tang Heroes
In the last years of the Sui Dynasty, the Sui Emperor was very happy and meritorious, and his conquest was excessive, and the people's servants were indefinite, and the corpses were all over the field. In 611, Yang Guang again invaded Goguryeo, Wang Bo wrote the "Song of Death to liaodong", gathered the peasants to occupy the Changbai Mountain uprising, sounded the horn of the peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and swept the country against the storm, and the Wagang village led by Zhai Rang and Li Mi, the Hebei rebel army led by Dou Jiande and Liu Heimin, and the Jianghuai rebel army of Du Fuwei and Fu Gong became the three main forces against the Sui. The world is in chaos, the spark of stars can burn the plains, there are no less than a hundred rebel armies that have risen in various places before and after, the number of uprisings has reached one million, and the rule of the Sui Dynasty is crumbling. The three rebel armies successively eliminated Zhang Sutuo, Xue Shixiong, Yu Wenhua and the main forces of the three Sui armies, and just as the rebels in various places were attacking the city, first Zhai Rang and Li Mi split and were defeated by Wang Shichong, and then the Sui Emperor died in Jiangdu, and Li Yuan finally declared himself emperor in Chang'an. The vigorous peasant revolt at the end of the Sui Dynasty completed the Guanlong nobles represented by Li Yuan.
The Five Tiger Generals of Wagangzhai
Yellow Nest Uprising: The city is full of golden armor
After the Anshi Rebellion, eunuchs were powerful, feudal towns were divided, and it was common for liukou to rampage up rebellions, but the Tang Empire still stood tenaciously for a hundred years. In 875, Huang Chao responded to Wang Xianzhi's rebellion, and three years later, he replaced Wang Xianzhi as the boss of the peasant rebellion. Five years later, entering Luoyang, breaking through Tongguan, invading Chang'an, and massacring hundreds of officials of the Tang Dynasty, the ambition of "rushing through Chang'an with incense and carrying golden armor all over the city" became a reality. After conquering Chang'an, he did not want to forge ahead, and was defeated by the Tang army, defeated and killed in the Wolf tiger valley.
Yellow Nest Uprising
Speaking of Huang Chao, he is not an authentic farmer, born as a salt merchant, from a well-to-do family, with few poetic talents, good at riding and shooting, and complete in both literature and martial arts. The title of king and empress, but it is described in the history books as a murderous butcher and a demon who eats human flesh, which is sad and lamentable. The Huangchao Rebellion lasted for nine years, and Huangchao captured the Tang dynasty capital Chang'an Luoyang, founded the Great Qi, and pushed the Li-Tang Dynasty into the abyss of eternal disaster. The Tang Empire was hollowed out and gradually came to an end, and the chaotic and chaotic Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms began.
The city is full of golden armor
Red Turban Uprising: The only peasant uprising in which peasants established political power
In the late Yuan Dynasty, the rulers, mainly The Mongol princes and nobles, brutally plundered and exploited the people of all ethnic groups. Due to political corruption, ethnic and class contradictions intensified, and in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, a nationwide peasant uprising broke out. The end of the Yuan Dynasty was actually an era of herds chasing deer, quite a grand situation of the Three Kingdoms vying for hegemony and the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Han Shantong used the reputation of the White Lotus Sect to win over migrant workers around the Yellow River to launch a migrant uprising. Subsequently, Zhang Shicheng and Guo Zixing responded to Han Shantong in various places. Step by step, it destroyed the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Because the rebel army's head was wrapped in a red scarf, it was called the "Red Turban Army", and because it burned incense to gather the crowd, it was also called the "Incense Army". And the Red Turban Army is divided into north and south, Han Shantong, Liu Futong, Zhu Yuanzhang belonged to the Northern Red Turban Army, after Han Shantong's death, everyone jointly supported his son Xiaoming Wang Han Lin'er as emperor, the famous proverbial stone man with one eye, provoking the Yellow River world was Liu Futong's doing, but in the end, the former younger brother Zhu Yuanzhang counterattacked, established the Ming Dynasty, the so-called Ming Sect, the White Lotus Sect were all suppressed.
Red Turban Uprising
Li Zicheng uprising: a heavy blow against the Ming Dynasty, a promise to the Qing Dynasty
In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, internal and external troubles were serious, and the Later Jin Emperor Taiji was eager to move, while internal natural and man-made disasters, sharp class contradictions, the peasant revolt at the end of the Ming Dynasty led by Li Zicheng overturned the decadent Zhu Ming Dynasty. The Chuang king, who was born as a sheep herder, shouted the slogan of "Free Grain in The Fields", swept through Shaanxi and Henan, established the Dashun regime, and then invaded Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself. However, the situation took a sharp turn for the worse, and Li Zicheng, who owned half of the northern half of the country, was soon defeated by the combined forces of Dolgun and Wu Sangui, was forced to give up Beijing, collapsed, and finally was killed by local villagers in Hubei. Making a wedding dress for others is Said to Be Li Zicheng.
Li Zicheng revolted
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement: The Culmination of Chinese Peasant Idealism!
In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal abyss, and under the decadent feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty and the aggression of foreign capitalism, the people were not happy, and uprisings and rebellions were revolted everywhere. In 1851, a group led by Hong Xiuquan, including Yang Xiuqing, Xiao Chaogui, Feng Yunshan, Wei Changhui, and Shi Dakai, neatly announced the establishment of the Taiping Army in Jintian, Guangxi, with the name of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement put up the slogan of "the tiller has his land" as an absolute average, while the "New Chapter of SeniorIty" had a plan for capitalist development, but it could not be implemented because the conditions were not yet ripe.
Jintian Uprising
From the Jintian Rebellion, the Yong'an Establishment, the transfer to the Two Lakes, the Dingdu Tianjing to the Northern Expedition to the Western Expedition, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement swept through half of China, until the Tianjing Incident, Yang Xiuqing was killed by Wei Changhui, and Shi Dakai fled in anger and collapsed at the Dadu River. Eventually, Tianjing fell, and Zeng Guofan and his Xiang army were made. This vigorous peasant uprising failed under the joint strangulation of China and foreign countries, but the foundation of the Qing government that was already shaky in the uprising movement was already crumbling, and the pace of foreign invaders had to slow down the aggression because of the uprising movement. The insurrectionary movement inspired the will of the Chinese to resist the government and the aggressors. However, it strongly shook the foundation of the Qing government's rule, effectively dealt a blow to foreign invaders, and encouraged the will of the Chinese people to resist.
The Qing army encircled and suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
In fact, the peasant revolt is basically not really dominated by the peasants, and it is the big households that are much stronger. Like Zhu Yuanzhang, from the peasant revolt to the establishment of the dynasty, Guozuo lasted for hundreds of years. Dynasties change, cycle after cycle.