After the Ninth Corps was ready to withdraw from the attack on Taiwan, it was renovated in Zaozhuang, Shandong, and Zhu De personally visited the troops to do pre-war mobilization, which was really rare, but before Zhu De went to Shandong, the chairman had already summoned the commander Song Shilun in Zhongnanhai, which was the only remaining corps among the four major corps of Sanye (Chen Yi and Su Yu), and the other 7 corps, 8 corps, and 10 corps all revoked their designations and entered the reorganization sequence.
Originally, the Ninth Corps was the first main force in the liberation of Taiwan, so it was well-equipped, the number reached full strength, and four corps were cut down, each with as many as 50,000 troops, which showed its strong strength.
At that time, when the whole country was just liberated, there were four major field armies, the first Northeast Field Army (Siye), and the second was the East China Field Army (Sanye).
The main force of the Four Wilds, the 38th Army (commander Liang Xingchu), later entered the northeast and became the main force of the Northeast Border Defense Army, and was also the first batch of troops to enter the DPRK.
The Ninth Corps, the main force of the three fields, undertook the heavy task of liberating Taiwan, which shows the role and ability of the two major field armies; after the outbreak of the Korean War and the dispatch of our army, US President Truman immediately ordered the Seventh Fleet to cross the Taiwan Strait, that is, our operation to liberate Taiwan was stranded, and it was absolutely impossible to win without the air force and the navy landing on the island.
Therefore, the Ninth Corps was transferred to Zaozhuang in Shandong for renovation.
The Ninth Corps divided four corps: the 20th Army, the 27th Army, the 30th Army, and the 23rd Army.
Zhang Yixiang, commander of the 20th Army, led the 20th Army to participate in the invasion of Korea and fought many fierce battles with the US army. Zhang Yixiang was a founding lieutenant general, the founding lieutenant general who came out of Liuyang, Hunan, and later achieved great success, serving as the commander of the railway corps and the commander of the Second Artillery.
Xu Shiyou, the first commander of the 27th Army, needless to say, sat in Nanjing during the WenGe period, and later transferred to Guangzhou, and was the chairman's most trusted commander-in-chief.
The commander of the army entering the DPRK is Peng Deqing.
Xie Zhenhua, commander of the 30th Army, was a native of Chongyi, Jiangxi. Xie Zhenhua was a bitter and vengeful child, who joined the riots at the age of 13 and the Red Army at the age of 14. When he was the political commissar of the Red Third Army, he was only 18 years old. He was only 33 years old when he was a military commander. Very young and promising.
The 23rd Army did not enter Korea,
In the face of our army's victory in the first campaign of entering the DPRK, from top to bottom there is the idea of a light enemy, not to mention that the first battle did not actually face to face with the US army, and some people say that the Chosin Lake Campaign was not a simple tactic of man and sea, which is not objective
In fact, our army has always used the tactic of concentrating superior forces and encircling and annihilating the Kuomintang regiment in the war of liberation, but this method must be a unified understanding of all corps and cannot take into account its own strength, as long as one corps carries out a siege and annihilation war, the others must go all out to cooperate
The second is that the intelligence is accurate, the enemy army is surrounded, there must be accurate intelligence, so that the tactics of the sea of people can be successful, the most typical is the three fields to eliminate the enemy's integrated 74th Division, an important piece of information to accurately describe the location, number, configuration, and even the division commander Zhang Lingfu likes, this intelligence has always been a mystery? However, as an intelligence agency led by Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong, the lurkers are very good, which is not surprising.
So the U.S. First Marine Division, the direction of operations, and the separation of the Eastern Front from other units, this information was sent to the chairman by a top-secret telegram from the headquarters of Shiji, and after careful consideration, decided to fight an unprecedented war of annihilation, that is, to encircle and annihilate the U.S. First Marine Division.
Speaking of the two ace units of the US army in Korea, one is the US cavalry division, the other is the US First Marine Division, they respectively led the United Nations army and the South Korean army divided into east and west two fronts to fight, because the first battle vanguard of the United Nations army and the South Korean army suffered losses, so the US army began to adjust its tactics, east and west, iron pincers to choke the volunteer army.
Oliver Preyns Smith, commander of the U.S. Marine Division at Lake Chosin, graduated from the Reserve Officer Training Corps, served as a captain for 17 years in peacetime, and participated in the brutal Battle of Beriliu Island and the Battle of Okinawa during World War II. He fought in the Korean War in 1950 and saved the 1st Marine Division at Chosin Lake with caution and disobedience. He was later promoted to general and retired. He was careful in his words and deeds, respected his opponents, and was a standard unsung hero.
Born on October 26, 1893 in Mennard, Texas, he moved to California and studied at the University of California as part-time from 1912 to 1916. As a member of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, he was appointed second lieutenant in the reserve on 4 May 1917. Sent to Guam and transferred to the Marine Corps, he served in Marin Barracks on the island of Malaysia in May 1919 and commanded a Marine detachment aboard the battleship HMS Texas from 1921 to 1924. Oliver Prince Smith served in the Marine Corps Personnel Office in Washington from 1924 to 1928. From 1928 to 1931, he was Assistant Chief of Staff of the Commander of the Haitian Defence.
The resume is quite exciting!
The two generals, Song Shilun and Smith, met in the Battle of Chosin Lake!
Because of the accuracy of the intelligence, the chairman decided to encircle and annihilate the US First Marine Division, and then urgently dispatched the Ninth Corps into the DPRK, that is, why did he get off the train from the Shandong Army to the Yalu River and get off the train to get off the train in the northeast to get off the car and receive the cotton clothes and pants prepared by the commander of the northeast (Gao Gang), but there was no reason to receive it?
That is, the central government ordered that there should be no stops along the way, for two reasons: the most important soldiers in the annihilation war are fast, time must be rushed, and when we get to the Yalu River, we can only walk without planes and artillery cover.
This is the root cause of the frostbite loss of 50,000 people in Chosin Lake due to minus 30 °C!
The Ninth Corps arrived on time on the reserved track, the US First Marine Division also leisurely entered the ambush circle, the two sides began a fight, it can be said that the heroic volunteer army also encountered stubborn resistance, even very experienced resistance, worthy of the Ace units of the US Army in World War II, in the battle against Germany without a single defeat,
After our army divided the first division of the army and besieged it, the old drama road was annihilated one by one, and the battle was over, but the first division of the US army soon formed a small team of individual battles, without too much panic, with tanks and powerful firepower, not only resisted the attack of our army, but even broke through with each other and combined together, it can be said that as a hundred thousand as many as 20,000 US First Marine Division was divided by more than one hundred thousand people, if the psychological defense line collapsed, it would be a thousand miles, but the US army was struggling, the city was one piece, in the hand-to-hand combat, our army did not have any advantage. On the contrary, the tall and powerful US military has obvious advantages! But since we shine the sword, the narrow road meets the brave to win, and the two sides are doomed to a bloody fight!
The first division of the United States Marine Combat Division fighters commented on the volunteers fighting bayonets: everyone wants to die with me, it is desperate
U.S. Army veteran Glenn M. C. Mc Jones died in 2004, and his children found his diary while sorting through his belongings. It records his battle with the volunteers for a bayonet in 1950, summed up in two words: fear!
The U.S. Marine Corps had its own special martial arts, Philban Fighting, which was introduced to the First Marine Division after Marine Combat Instructor Biddle learned from his master, the Englishman Philban, and Bidel later took in two proud protégés: Starrs and Nelson. Both men later became the fighting authorities of the First Marine Division, especially Starrs, who also wrote the Marine Corps' classic fighting textbook Cold Steel.
It is in this way that the US First Marine Warfare Division still recalls the soldiers of our army at Chosin Lake, and still has palpitations in their hearts.
Commander Smith: They are all Marines, why is the gap so big? Fooled by the volunteers!
Why did the First Marine Division become the first unit to be commended by the President? In Guadalcanal, everyone has a pistol, and this unit is to fight with the Japanese army in Guadalcanal for four months, although it did not defend to the end, but it was indispensable, and it was commended by the president!
Similarly, after this unit fought with our army at Chosin Lake, and finally under the leadership of Smith, it broke through the siege and withdrew backwards, because it encountered a life-and-death stake at the Watergate Bridge, that is, the only retreat bridge of the bridge was blown up, and later called for help in Japan MacArthur, at that time, thanks to the US army already had a large transport aircraft, MacArthur ordered Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to build a pontoon bridge (made of steel) overnight and sent it to the Pratunam Bridge in several sections, and the US army re-erected the pontoon bridge in three days, and all the horses of the First Marine Division were completely evacuated! Get rid of our army's pursuit at this point!
After returning to safety, Smith became a hero and was welcomed by the US military from the bottom down, it turned out that the US army did not look at the victory or defeat, but commended him for being able to bring this unit back safely from the encirclement, in fact, only Smith knew in his heart, along the way, he was embarrassed.
If you hadn't encountered such cruelty as the "Ice Sculpture Company" along the way, I don't know if I could come back?
The US Military Headquarters awarded seventeen medals of honor and seventy naval crosses to the First Marine Division, which is really rare, and from this point it can be seen that the US military has a unique concept of "victory and defeat"!
Finally, taking stock of the number of casualties on both sides, our side probably has 40,000 frostbite and 20,000 combat personnel reduction, which can be said to be halved and 150,000 people halved
The U.S. military has no accurate figures so far, and it is said that 4,000 casualties and 5,000 frostbite are said to have been suffered
It was almost halved, more than 20,000 at the beginning, and it was also said that the US army was 18,000, almost completely annihilated!
In any case, the old people who are still alive in the Ninth Corps are also eight or nine years old, and they recall Chosin Lake or their tears are blurred, that kind of cruelty, that kind of frostbite, those comrades who are buried in Korea, can't tell, and they don't want to remember the pain!
Just as a few years ago, a large number of US troops who participated in Shangganling came to China to find the "Wang Cheng" type hero, it was wang Cheng who was the only one on the position that year, the US army saw that he was injured, stopped attacking, at this time Wang Cheng called the headquarters to "fire at me" and the result was that the cannon bombarded, and a company commander of the US army blew up his legs on the spot, and he smiled and hated each other.