National Grade I endangered species| identification, appreciation and conservation status of Dendrobium microphylla and Dendrobium linearum
Text: Mr. Hanaki
As we introduced earlier, the grouping and naming of many dendrobium varieties is named with leaf shapes, such as the grouping of apical leaf group, heart leaf group, sword leaf group, grass leaf group, grass leaf group, cylindrical leaf group, etc., and the naming is Dendrobium coniferous, Dendrobium sword leaf, Dendrobium clematis, Dendrobium clematis, Dendrobium slender-leaved, etc. Today we will introduce two types of Dendrobium officinale group: Dendrobium fine-leaved and Dendrobium linearis.
Dendrobium hancockii Rolfe
Epiphytic or lithophytic herb, stem erect, hard texture, cylindrical or sometimes several internodal expansion above the base to form a spindle, up to 80 cm long, 2-20 mm thick, usually branched, with longitudinal grooves or ribbeds, dark yellow or orange-yellow after drying, shiny, internodal up to 4.7 cm long. The leaves are usually 3–6, alternate in the upper part of the main stem and branch, narrow oblong, 3–10 cm long and 3–6 mm wide, blunt at the apex and 2 lobes on the unequal sides, with a leathery sheath at the base.
【Inflorescence】 The total inflorescence is 1-2.5 cm long, with 1-2 flowers, the inflorescence stalk is 5-10 mm long; the flower bracts are membranous, ovate, and sharply pointed; the peduncle and ovary are pale yellowish-green, with slightly enlarged ovary; the flowers are thick, slightly fragrant, and unfolded, golden yellow, only the lobes on the inside of the lobe of the lip flap have a few red stripes; the sepals are ovate oval, sharply pointed at the apex, with 7 veins; the lateral sepals are ovate lanceolate, equal in length as the midcalyx, but slightly narrower, sharply pointed at the apex, with 7 veins; short cone of the sepal sac.
【Flower】 The petals are obliquely inverted ovate or nearly oval, equal in length and width with the midcalyx, sharply pointed at the apex, with 7 veins, the lip flap is equal in length and width, 1-2 cm, with 1 callosum at the base, 3 fissures in the middle; the lateral lobes surround the reed column, nearly semicircular, the apex is round; the middle lobe is nearly flat or kidney-like round, the apex is sharply pointed; the lip disc is usually pale green, from between the lobes on both sides to the middle lobe, densely covered with short papillary hairs; the peduncular teeth are nearly triangular, the apex is short and blunt; the cap is obliquely conical, the surface is smooth, the front mask is 3 ridges, and the front edge has fine teeth. Flowering period is from May to June.
【Origin】Dendrobium fine-leaved dendrobium is distributed in the south of Qinling Mountains, southern Gansu, Henan, southeastern Hubei, southeastern Hunan, northwestern Guangxi, southern to northeastern Sichuan, southern to southwestern Guizhou, southeastern Yunnan, and grows on tree trunks or valley rocks in montane forests at an altitude of 700-1500 meters.
Second, the original varieties and varieties of Dendrobium linearis
1. Original variant: Dendrobiumaurantiacum Rchb. f. var. aurantiacum）
Epiphytic herb, slender stem, cylindrical, usually 25–35 cm long and 2–4 mm thick, unbranched, with most nodes; internodal 2.5–4 cm long, yellowish or yellowish brown after drying. The leaves are leathery, linear or narrow oblong, 8–10 cm long and 0.4–1.4 cm wide, blunt at the apex and slightly concave or sometimes nearly sharply pointed while slightly hooked on one side, sheathed at the base; the leaf sheath hugs the stem.
【Inflorescence】The inflorescence is born on the side of the upper end of the stem that has fallen leaves last year, about 1 cm long, usually 1-2 flowers, sometimes 3 flowers; the inflorescence stalk is nearly upright, Length 0.5 cm, base overlay 3-4 sheaths; sheath paper, light white, cup-shaped or barrel-like, shorter at the base, gradually elongated upwards; flower bracts are membranous, pale white, boat-like, blunt at the apex; peduncles and ovary lengths of about 3 cm; flowers orange-yellow, unfolding; midcalyx oblong oval, blunt at the apex, full margin, with 5 veins; lateral sepals oblong, equal length and slightly narrower than the midcalyx, blunt at the apex, slightly crooked at the base, with 5 veins; sepal cystic conical.
【Flowers】 Petals oval or wide oval inverted ovate, 2.4-2.6 cm long, 1.4-1.7 cm wide, blunt at the apex, full margin, with 3 veins, the main veins on the side are branched; the lip lobes are nearly round, the base has claws about 3 mm long and sometimes has several red stripes on the inside, the middle below the two sides of the pillar, densely covered with fluff, the edges have irregular fine teeth, the lip disc is free of any plaques; the cap is narrowly conical, smooth, and the front end is nearly truncated. Flowering period is from May to June.
【Origin】Dendrobium linearis is produced in Taiwan, south-central Sichuan, southeast to northwest of Yunnan, and grows on tree trunks in alpine broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 2600 meters. It is also found in northeastern India and Myanmar.
2. Variant: Dendrobiumaurantiacum var. denneanum), also known as purple-spotted golden orchid
Dendrobium sylvestris is distinguished from dendrobium officinale from the original variety line leaf dendrobium in that the plant is significantly thicker, with a stem thickness of more than 4 mm, a leaf width of 1.8–4.5 cm, an inflorescence length of 5–14 cm, a flower bract length of 1.8–3 cm, and a large purple patch masked on the lip flap.
Dendrobium officinale is found in Hainan (Bawangling), southwest to northwest guangxi, southern to southwestern Guizhou, and southeastern to northwestern Yunnan, and grows on tree trunks in thin montane forests at altitudes of 600-2500 m. It is also found in India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
3. Variant: Dendrobiumaurantiacum var. zhaojuense）
Dendrobium double-plated sheath is very similar to the original variety in terms of plant posture, the main difference is that the upper part of the sepal of the double-plated sheathed dendrobium has a lilac halo, and the upper lip disc above the lip flap has a purple patch on each side. Dendrobium double-plated sheath is a unique dendrobium species in China, produced in southern to central Sichuan (Zhaojue, Kangding), growing on valley rocks at an altitude of 1700-1800 meters.
Third, the identification and appreciation of Dendrobium fine-leaved and Dendrobium lineare
Dendrobium fine-leaved is one of the most widely distributed dendrobium species, distributed from south of the Qinling Mountains to Southeast Asia. Dendrobium fine-leaved plant is tall, up to 80 cm long, strong viability, fast growth rate, often branched, like bamboo, golden color, graceful and luxurious, and has an aroma, so it has high horticultural value.
Dendrobium linearum is currently distributed in China, dendrobium species, the most delicate of the large flower species, and previously thought to be unique to China Dendrobium species, only distributed in Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, and later found in India, Myanmar. However, its variant, dendrobium double-plated sheathed, is a unique species of dendrobium in China, which has not been found abroad so far, so it is particularly rare.
The difference between the original and variants of Dendrobium linearis lies mainly in the lip flap color spots, dendrobium linearum has several red stripes at the base of the lip flap, but the lip disc has no color spots; the lip flap of Dendrobium sylvestris has a large purple spot; and the double sheath Dendrobium lip disc has a purple spot on each side, which is easy to identify.
Dendrobium linearis original variants and variants, the plant shape is low and slender, but the flowers are relatively large, belonging to the fine stem large flower species, and the flower color is orange, very conspicuous, eye-catching, its variant stacked sheath Dendrobium lip flap has a whole purple patch, double plate stacked sheath Dendrobium has two purple spots, more delicate, so it has a higher horticultural value and ornamental value of Dendrobium species.
Fourth, the conservation status of Dendrobium parviflora and Dendrobium linearus
Dendrobium parviflora is widely distributed, but due to human mining and habitat deterioration, the wild population has declined sharply, and now it is facing an endangered situation; Dendrobium microphyllum is narrowly distributed, and the wild number is rare, of which the double-stacked dendrobium is still a unique species of Dendrobium in China, so it is urgent to take protective measures.
In the latest edition of the List of Wild Plants under National Key Protection (Second Batch) (Discussion Draft), these four dendrobium species are listed as national Level I endangered key protection. In the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (i.e. cites the Washington Convention CITES), Dendrobium fine-leaved dendrobium is listed as Appendix II, and trade is regulated by licensing. In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN), Dendrobium parviflora is assessed as endangered and Dendrobium bimaculata is vulnerable (VU).
2020-10-23 Easy to flower wood
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