This frog is actually a type of toad, small in size, only 2 cm long in adults, larvae only 1/4 of a paper clip, their habitat is small, only in the Kihans River Waterfall area of Tanzania, hence the name Kihans spray toad.
The huge amount of water at Kihans Falls creates a wetland with a constant temperature and 100% humidity, and before its extinction, spray toads lived only in an area of only two hectares at the bottom of the Kihans River Waterfalls on the Uzumuwa Cliffs of Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountain.
The Kihans River originates in the Arc Mountains of Eastern Africa, part of many of Africa's extinct volcanoes, and many independent species evolved individually during the formation of the volcano.
Kihans Falls is the smallest natural distribution of known vertebrate species, and these little toads not only need a special habitat, interestingly they do not lay eggs, there is no tadpole stage, viviparous reproduction.
In pregnant females, the developing larvae cling to the skin of the toad, their calls are weak, and some of the audio is beyond the range of human hearing.
Tragically, in 1999, a dam was built on the upper kihans, the amount of water in the waterfall plummeted to 10 percent, and the toad habitat was drastically reduced.
To simulate natural splashes from waterfalls, artificial spray systems were erected in their original habitats, but a drought in 2003 caused the spray systems to fail.
Drought infected the toads with chytrid frogs, and in the same year the dam opened its gates to release water, bringing with it the insecticide used to grow corn upstream, causing additional damage to these tiny toads.
Under the triple blow of habitat shrinkage, frog chytrids and insecticides, the African fetal toad was declared extinct in the wild in 2004.