The southern Yunnan small-eared pig is produced in Mengla, Ruili, Yingjiang and other places in Yunnan Province. It belongs to the South China pig breed, an excellent local breed in China, and a national protected breed of livestock and poultry genetic resources. Its flesh is tender and delicate, the taste is fresh, fragrant, tender and sticky, and it can adapt well to tropical and subtropical hot and humid climate conditions, and has strong resistance to mosquitoes and ectoparasites. It is resistant to rough feeding, easy to raise, and can better adapt to the feeding conditions based on grazing, and is a valuable resource for the industrial production of characteristic high-quality pork in the southern region of Yunnan Province.
First, the body shape
Southern Yunnan small-eared pigs can be divided into three types according to their size: large, medium and small.
Large pigs are larger, with a straight face, a wide forehead, slightly larger ears, more flat or upright on both sides, a short and thick neck, a straight back and waist, and a large abdomen without sagging. The limbs are thicker, the coat color is mainly black, and there are white hairs between the forehead, the tip of the tail, or below the limb system;
Small pigs are short in size, known as "winter melon body, mule butt, mule hooves", small head, flat forehead without wrinkles, small upright and flexible ears, ears wider than ear length, mouth tube slightly longer, neck short and thick, meat hanging underneath, back and waist more straight, buttocks plump, thigh muscles full, short limbs, upright, small and solid hooves;
Medium-sized pigs have a physical appearance between large and small pigs.
Second, reproductive performance
Southern Yunnan small-eared pigs mature early, and the boars begin to crawl around 1 month of age, and can be bred and conceived at about 3 months of age. Sows are in estrus for the first time at 2-3 months of age and can be bred and conceived at 4 months of age. The number of litters produced by small-eared pigs in southern Yunnan is small, the reproductive performance is not high, the number of litters in the sow nest is 6-7, the number of births is 8-9, the initial weight of piglets is about 0.55-0.65 kg, and the number of weaned livestock is 5-6 and 7-8.
3. Breeding management
Raising small-eared pigs in southern Yunnan, when building pig farms, it is necessary to rationally plan the layout, adapt to local conditions, and make scientific and rational use of the site. Choose a place with high and dry terrain, leeward to the sun, convenient transportation, far from pollution sources, conducive to epidemic prevention, sufficient water source, good water quality, excellent soil quality, and appropriate area. Try to make the pig house sit north to south, which is conducive to preventing cold winds in winter, avoiding direct sunlight in summer, and can block the southeast wind.
In terms of the design of the pig house building, the choice of building materials with good thermal insulation performance and conducive to moisture-proof and breathable. Roof design requires good thermal insulation performance and is conducive to ventilation and ventilation. As far as possible, reduce the number of partition walls and the height of partition walls in the house, appropriately increase the doors and windows and expand the area of doors and windows to ensure the air circulation in the house. The ground in the house should have a certain slope to ensure good drainage and prevent moisture in the house.
In terms of feeding, farmers need to insist on feeding green feed and compound feed. Feed should be diverse and reasonable, feeding pigs of green feed, rough feed, refined feed, only reasonable collocation, in order to ensure the pig's need for a variety of nutrients. It is necessary to achieve good palatability and easy digestion of the compound feed. In the compound feed, if it contains more energy and protein and less crude fiber, it is palatable and easy to digest; if it contains less energy and protein, and contains more crude fiber, it is poor palatability and difficult to digest. When combining pig feed, it is advisable to use more green feed and use high-quality pasture to raise pigs, which can not only reduce feed costs, but also improve the lean meat rate of pork, which can greatly improve the economic benefits of pig raising. The main high-quality pastures suitable for pig breeding are grain amaranth, feed vegetables, bitter wattles and so on. In the compound feed of the pig herd, different types of diets should be selected according to different pigs.
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