"Mountains and rivers" or "mountains and rivers"? Someone is wrong as soon as they write it, don't be stupid and confused! Why is it "mountain and water", not "mountain and water show"? Here comes the answer!
Recently, in the media, there is a word that appears very frequently, that is, "mountain and water show", or "mountain and water show", which means to describe the beautiful scenery. So the question is, is the second word in this word "Qing" or "Qing"?
In the impression of ordinary people, the idiom that describes the beauty of landscapes and rivers should be written as "mountains and rivers", which means that mountains are "green onions" and water is "beautiful". In fact, to write by hand in this way is to ignore the meaning of the wrong word, the correct way to write should be "mountains and rivers", for example, in the Sujiao version of the language textbook "Vienna, the City of Music", there is such a passage:
Vienna, the capital of Austria, is the world-famous music capital. It is located in a picturesque small basin in the northern foothills of the Alps, where the sparkling Danube River runs through the city.
For example, in the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" compiled by the Dictionary Editing Office of the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, it also contains the article "Beautiful Mountains and Clear Waters". The Modern Chinese Dictionary is the first normative language dictionary in China and the most authoritative tool. Among them, the "mountains and rivers" article is:
Shān qīng shuǐ xiù, describing the beautiful scenery of the landscape. Also said mountains and rivers are beautiful.
The term "mountains and clear waters" is derived from the Northern Song Dynasty poet Huang Tingjian's "Beishan Xi · Gift hengyang Chen Xiang". "Gaishan Xi" is the first gift of parting words, and the recipient is Chen Xiang, a famous master of Hengyang. The lyrics were written in the third year of Chongning Jiashen (1104), when Huang Tingjian was on his way to Yizhou, and the title of the words was "Gift to Hengyang Prostitute Chen Xiang". Chen Xiang should be Huang Tingjian's confidant, and when the two were about to separate and cherish each other, the lyricist wrote this poem "Bing Shan Xi". Its words are:
Mandarin duck emerald, little think of the treasure. Eyebrows are full of autumn waves, as far as Hunan, mountains and rivers are beautiful. It is like thirteen years, spring is not transparent, the flowers and branches are thin, it is the time of sorrow.
Looking for flowers and wine, willing to fall behind whoever is behind. Only afraid of returning from afar, green into yin, green plums like beans. The heart is in place, every self-helper, long pavilion willow, junzhi, thousands of miles to look back?
The "Mandarin Duck Emerald" in the word is a bird that is evenly guarded, although the Mandarin Duck Emerald is a small bird, it also knows to cherish each other and pity each other, let alone a pair of men and women who once were deeply dependent on each other? What kind of person is the woman who can hook the verb's affection? "Mei Dai Qiu Bo, as far as Hunan, the mountains and rivers are beautiful." It turned out to be a lovely person with eyebrows like the light of the distant mountains and the beauty of the autumn water. There is also an idiom that can be described as such eyebrows, that is, "eyebrow clear eye show". The word "mountain and water show", later slowly written "mountain clear water show".
Why is it "mountain and water show" instead of "mountain and water show"? The group word form of "mountain and water show" and "mountain green water show" is the same as the joint type, but from the structural point of view, "mountain" and "water" echo each other, and they are both natural scenes. "Blue", blue or green, is used to describe the color, "show", beautiful, used to represent the nature and state of things, the two obviously do not correspond; "qing" (qingyou), and "xiu" (beautiful), that is, "qingxiu" (quiet and beautiful, beautiful and vulgar). Both words indicate the nature of things, and they are perfectly matched.
In fact, the term "mountains and rivers" also uses intertextual rhetorical techniques. Intertextuality, also known as reciprocalism, is a rhetorical method often used in ancient poetry. It is interpreted in ancient texts as follows: "Reference to each other is written, and the text is contained." Specifically, it is a form of mutual lexicism: the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence, which seem to say two things each other, are actually echoing each other, elaborating on each other, complementing each other, and saying one thing, so that the sentence is more neat and harmonious and more refined. A rhetorical method of interlacing, infiltrating, and complementing each other by contextual meaning to express the meaning of a complete sentence.
The use of intertextuality is relatively special, the text only accounts for one party, and the meaning is mutually obvious. When understanding, we must look ahead and look backwards, not to one side, nor to separate it from understanding. Only in this way can we correctly, completely, and comprehensively grasp the true meaning of such sentences. The use of intertextuality is also slightly different in form, generally as follows:
When sentence intertextuality: When sentence intertextuality is also known as single sentence intertextuality, that is, the two words before and after the same sentence are interleaved, infiltrated and supplemented in the sense. "Mountains and clear waters" belongs to the intertextuality of a single sentence, saying that "mountains" and "water" are both "beautiful", and it is impossible to understand their "mountains" as "clear" and "water" as "shows". For example, du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai" in the "smoke cage cold water moon cage sand" is also. The meaning is that smoke envelops cold water and sand; moonlight envelops sand and cold water. If this sentence is translated as follows: "Smoke envelops cold water, and moonlight envelops sand", it is a big mistake, and the meaning does not make sense.
There are many similar sentences, such as "Chaohui Xiyin (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang LouJi")," "Qin Shi Mingyue Han Shiguan (Wang Changling's "Out of the Plug")," "The Master Dismounted in the Boat (Bai Juyi's "Pipa Line") and so on.
Contrate intertextuality: Contrate intertextuality is also known as adjacent sentence intertext. Intertextuality is to explain the meaning of the sentence in the (lower) sentence that contains the words that have appeared in the (upper) sentence, and the words that will appear in the (upper) sentence that will appear in the pair (lower) sentence. For example, "open my East Pavilion Door, sit on my West Pavilion Bed" in "Mulan Ci" is intertextual, and cannot be simply interpreted as "open the boudoir door of my East House and sit on the bed of my West House", but should be understood before and after: each house must open the door to go in and sit, not to open the door of the East Pavilion and not to go in, and then turn to the bed of the West Pavilion to sit.
There are many similar sentences, such as "The general died in a hundred battles, and the hero returned in ten years ("Mulan Ci"), "The Morning Glory Star, the Han Daughter of the Kyaukgyao River ("Nineteen Ancient Poems")," "It is common in the qi king's mansion, And Cui Jiutang heard it several times before (Du Fu's "Jiangnan Feng Li Gui Year")," "The bright moon does not startle the branches, the wind and the cicadas chirp in the middle of the night (Xin Qijie, "Xijiang Yue, Night Traveling Huangsha Road"), "The general's horn is uncontrollable, and it is difficult to protect the iron clothes (Cen Shan's "White Snow Song Sends the Military Judge Back to Beijing") and so on.
Intertext: Refers to the intertextual sentence form between two sentences that are separated by other sentences. The understanding and application of intertext is the same as that of "intertextuality". For example, in Wang Bo's "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion", "Ten decades of vacation, victorious friends are like clouds; thousands of miles are greeted, high friends are full of seats", here "ten years of vacation" and "thousands of miles to meet" are the interval sentences, "victorious friends are like clouds" and "high friends are full of seats" are intertextual. "Shengyou", "Gao Peng", "Like a Cloud", and "Full Seat" are intertwined with each other, supplementing the explanation. It should be interpreted as follows: "Victorious friends are like clouds, and victorious friends are full; high friends are full of seats, and high friends are like clouds." ”
Sentence intertext: Sentence intertextuality means that the sentence of this intertextuality is more than two sentences, and it is mutual penetration and complementarity to express the complete meaning. For example, in "Mulan Ci", "The East Market buys horses, the West Market buys saddles, the South Market buys the head, and the North Market buys the long whip", and Du Mu's "Collection of Yan Zhao, Management of Han Wei, Elite of Qi Chu" in Du Mu's "Afang GongFu" is an intertext.
After understanding the rhetorical techniques of intertextuality, you can understand why the correct usage is "beautiful scenery". If you want to highlight the "green of the mountains", the word "mountains and clear waters" can also be a beauty transformation: you can use the words "green mountains and green water", "water green mountains and green mountains", mountains and water correspond, green and green correspond. At present, the most popular sentence "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" in the "green water and green mountains", which is the classic application of green and green correspondence, mountains and water correspondence.
(Some pictures from the Internet)