The Paper's reporter Chen Sisi
【Editor's Note】
Shanghai is the birthplace of the party and the place where its original intention originated.
Over the past hundred years, Shanghai has continuously reformed, explored, innovated and practiced, and has become a window and a banner for the world to see China.
In 2021, The Paper traces back a hundred years, visits the old revolutionary sites, toures red venues, traces secret radios, hooks and sinks revolutionary publications, decrypts red agents, rereads the left-wing characters... The Surging News launched a series of reports on "Red Shanghai • ChuXin Road".
In the memorial hall of the current Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the former site of the civilian girls' school is located in it. This was the first women's school established by the Communist Party of China in the name of the Shanghai Women's Federation.
The former site of the civilian girls' school is now located in the memorial hall of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The pictures in this article are all taken by the surging news reporter Chen Sisi
The Civilian Girls' School was established in February 1922, and the school implemented half-work and half-study, with the aim of "cultivating talents in the women's movement and carrying out the work of the women's movement". Chen Duxiu, Li Da, Chen Wangdao, Shen Yanbing, etc. have all taught here, and female talents such as Ding Ling, Wang Yizhi, Qian Xijun, and Wang Jianhong have also been trained here.
Although the school has existed for less than a year, it has had a profound impact on the history of the party's labor movement, the history of the women's movement, and the history of education.
Exhibition hall of the former site of the civilian girls' school.
There are about 30 people in the school, and the practice of part-time work and half-study
After the founding of the Communist Party of China, it attached great importance to women's liberation and women's movements, and in order to train women cadres, Chen Duxiu and Li Da began to establish a civilian girls' school in October 1921.
Li Da pointed out in the article "Civilian Girls' Schools Are the First Step to a New Society": "Now there are more and more women who feel that they lack knowledge every day, and if all the major cities in the country can still set up civilian girls' schools, so that such conscious women can get the opportunity to study, then I think that in a few years, the vanguard of real women's liberation will be organized everywhere." ”
In February 1922, the Civilian Girls' School was officially opened at No. 632 A, Fudri Road, South Chengdu Road (now No. 42, Lane 7, North Chengdu Road).
The school building is not large, just a two-story house with two floors and two floors. Classrooms, workshops, studios and dormitories are all located inside, the equipment is simple, the guest hall is placed with a sub-sewing board, and several looms are placed behind the guest hall. Upstairs, there are two classrooms, each with a blackboard and rows of old desks with chairs and stools.
At that time, in view of the lack of party funds, Li Da rented the house at his own expense and served as the director of the civilian girls' school, and his wife Wang Huiwu managed the school's administrative affairs.
Cadets of civilian girls' schools.
The school has advanced classes and junior classes, and the enrollment age is not limited, there are not many students, there were about 30 people at that time. Wang Jianhong, Wang Yizhi, Ding Ling, etc. are senior class students, and Qian Xijun, Zhang Huaide, Qin Dejun, etc. are junior class students. The senior classes are more educated students, while the junior classes are mostly older women who are out of school.
In addition to the reading department, the school also has a special work department, which is divided into three groups: sewing, sock weaving, and knitting, and implements half-work and half-study. Li Da attaches great importance to the work of the work department, requiring students to work hard and support their own work to maintain their lives, and the school will try to introduce the work as much as possible.
The civilian girls' school also has a special work department, which is divided into three groups: sewing, socks and knitting.
Chen Duxiu, Chen Wangdao, etc. serve as teachers here
As the first women's school founded by the Communist Party of China, it is equipped with strong "teachers" and a very rich curriculum.
The courses of the advanced class include sociology, Chinese language, composition, Chinese grammar, English, mathematics, physics, chemistry, economics, education, etc., and the teachers include Chen Duxiu, Gao Yuhan, Shao Lizi, Chen Wangdao, Zhang Shoubai, Shen Yanbing, Shen Zemin, Anlisi, Li Da, Zhou Changshou, Li Xixian, Fan Shoukang, etc.
The junior class mainly teaches Chinese, English and arithmetic, and the teachers are Wang Huiwu, Gao Junman (Mrs. Chen Duxiu), Zhang Qiuren and Ke Qingshi.
The teachers who come here to teach are part-time volunteers. In order to broaden students' horizons, the school often asks teachers to take turns giving lectures. Liu Shaoqi, Shi Cuntong, Zhang Tailei, Yun Daiying, etc. later served as part-time teachers or held lectures here.
Instructor at the Civilian Girls' School.
The students of the Civilian Girls' School lived up to expectations and actively participated in various activities organized by the Party Group.
In 1922, when the workers of the Japanese-Chinese spinning mill went on strike, students of the civilian girls' school went to the workers to give speeches and propaganda, and also took to the streets to collect donations in support of the workers' movement. In addition, they can also be seen active in activities such as commemorating Marx's birthday and commemorating the October Revolution in Russia. Wang Huiwu and Wang Jianhong are also responsible for editing the semi-monthly magazine "Women's Voices".
In the autumn of 1922, Li Da went to Hunan at the invitation of Mao Zedong to teach, and most of the teachers were also busy with revolutionary work, coupled with the lack of funds for running the school, the civilian girls' school was closed in early 1923, and some students later entered Shanghai University to study.
Li Da contains a chapter on "Civilian Girls' School".
For example, Ding Ling, in 1922 she entered the department of Chinese of Shanghai University, published the famous work "The Diary of Madam Sha Fei" in 1928, joined the "Left League" in Shanghai in 1930, and joined the Communist Party of China the following year. In 1936, he arrived in northern Shaanxi and served as the director of the China Literary and Art Association, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association. Another example is Wang Yizhi, who graduated from Shanghai University in 1925 and has long been engaged in the secret work of the party, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, she has successively served as the principal of Beijing North China Middle School and the principal of Beijing No. 1 O No. 1 Middle School.
Civilian girls' schools have classrooms, dormitories, etc.
Editor-in-Charge: Gao Wen
Proofreader: Luan Meng