Talking about ancient and modern times, digging deep into the history of Hebei that you don't know, hello everyone, I am "Qing Shi Jun", welcome to pay attention to the "Qing Shi Guan", every day to bring you fresh, interesting, dry goods full of historical stories.
Today, we are talking for you about the story of the surveying and mapping work of the Eighth Route Army.
The importance of maps in combat is self-evident, and the maps of the World War II areas obtained by the Eighth Route Army during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression are not detailed enough, and many small villages in the ravines are not marked. Moreover, some of the geographical situation at the junction of the two provinces is not sufficiently convincing. On the contrary, before the Outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese army sent a large number of spies, including Kenji Doihara, to China to investigate intelligence and draw a very trusted map.
In the movie "Taihang Mountain", Commander-in-Chief Zhu De once complained that many villages were not marked in the map given to us by Yan Xishan, but the names of these villages were found in the map of Japan, which is really ironic.
Liu Bocheng, a high-achieving graduate of Frunze, said that the map is the eyes of the commander, and the more detailed the map, the better. In a difficult environment, the Eighth Route Army also began to draw its own military maps. In February 1940, Zhang Guoqi, Pei Yuanxiao, and Zhang Huimin, who had experience in drawing, were introduced to the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, and the three of them were responsible for mapping.
Zhang Guoqi is a high-quality student of mechanical engineering at Shanxi University, while Zhang Huimin studied surveying and mapping at the sophomore branch of Kang University, and Pei Yuanxiao is the proofreader of the original banknote factory. At that time, they worked near the printing house, initially in Liao County (Zuoquan County, Shanxi) and later moved to Huangyan Village in Xiangxian County, Hebei Province.
War criminal Kenji Toihara
At that time, the drawing tools used by Zhang Guoqi and the other three were very simple, including a small brush for wolf, a medicinal paper and medicinal ink for plate making, a black-mouthed pen for drawing straight lines, and a double-line rule used to draw roads. With the help of their original cartographic experience, they selected the division of work that each of the three people was good at.
Zhang Huimin is good at writing Xiao Kai, so he is responsible for writing place names and landscape names, Pei Yuanxiao is responsible for drawing roads and curves, and Zhang Guoqi is responsible for mapping features and contour lines.
Zhang Guoqi
In order to reflect the spirit of collective creation, Zhang Guoqi and others changed the original practice of cartographic signature, and the maps they drew were signed in the lower left corner: the drawing room system of the Staff Office of the General Headquarters of the Eighteenth Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Within a month, the three men reprinted a 1:50,000-scale topographic map of the Taihang Mountains, which was praised by Wang Zhengzhu, chief of the operations section. Zuo Quan's chief of staff specially wrote them a letter expressing encouragement, and also gave them a special instruction to pick pork, and specially gave Zhang Guoqi a picture of myopia glasses.
Old shadow of Shanxi University
At that time, the surveying and mapping work was still on the one hand, and when they wanted to survey and map, they had to travel from place to place and face danger at any time. From May 1941 to May of the following year, Zhang Guoqi and other staff members circled the enemy on the anti-sweeping battlefield, reprinting 80 1:50,000-scale topographic maps of the northern area of the Taihang Mountains, and later drawing the strategic area maps of the four strategic areas of Taihang, Taiyue, Ji'nan and Jiluyu, as well as the road map of the Taihang Mountain area.
Left-hand martyrs
After the drawing was completed, the May Day sweep launched by the enemy did not have time to print. Wang Zhengzhu later regretted that if he could have issued it to the troops earlier, he might have been able to avoid greater losses. At that time, the printing factory of the Eighth Route Army had only a few small printers, and it had to face the task of printing documents and newspapers and periodicals, and the paper was even more scarce, so it caused a very regrettable result.
However, if there are better conditions to print the map and issue it as soon as possible, it may be able to avoid the casualties of tens of thousands of Eighth Route Army troops!
Major General Wang Zhengzhu
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