When raising silkworms, the real test of farmers is in the silkworm period, and the 5-year-old silkworm stage in the silkworm period is a very critical stage, because in the 5-year-old silkworm period, the amount of mulberry leaves picked and stocked has reached a peak, and the demand for labor has also entered the peak period, picking mulberry leaves, feeding mulberry leaves, removing sand and expanding seats, sanitation and disinfection, etc. all need to be handled, so in the 5-year-old silkworm period, many farmers are busy from morning to night, and sometimes at 22:00 pm they are still removing sand in the silkworm room. On the other hand, the 5-year-old silkworm stage is the time when silkworm diseases are easy to appear, the 1-4 years old silkworm period has fewer diseases, which is also a test of the place for farmers, if the prevention and control of silkworm disease is not done well, inducing a variety of silkworm diseases, then the loss of silkworms in the season will be more obvious, the income drop of 50% is also common, sometimes the decline is even more than 90%, many farmers have also experienced the situation of no harvest of particles.
Raising 5-year-old silkworms can be said to mean that the silkworm raising has been successful for a large part, and most of the farmers' income has not reached expectations, basically there are problems in the 5-year-old silkworm stage, such as a variety of silkworm diseases, pesticide poisoning, etc. And some sericulture farmers with good income, not only the small silkworm stage is well raised, but also the 5-year-old silkworm stage will be more normal, even if it encounters hot and humid weather, the phenomenon of disease is relatively rare, and there will be no big fluctuation in the income when selling silkworm cocoons. So in the 5th year of sericulture, what abnormal situations are farmers prone to encounter? Personally, I think the following four phenomena are more common.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, it is easy to have excessive breeding density</h1>
For some sericulture novices, in the 5-year-old silkworm period, it is easy to become panicked, mainly because there are many things to be busy at this stage, if there are only 2 laborers in the family, but 5 silkworm seeds are raised, picking mulberry leaves every day is too busy, there is not so much time to remove sand, and the entire 5-year-old silkworm period can remove sand 2 times. In the traditional breeding mode, under normal circumstances, the 5-year-old silkworm period every 1 day to remove sand, when the weather is not good, but also appropriate thinning, and increase the number of sand removal, once the farmer is busy picking mulberry leaves, there is not so much time to remove sand when the seat, then it is easy to appear breeding density phenomenon, the size of the silkworm body will be small, but also easy to induce silkworm disease, the phenomenon of large and small silkworms will be more obvious, this phenomenon is more common in the actual cultivation of silkworms, some farmers can also be said to have more than enough and insufficient strength, The number of silkworm species raised by themselves is relatively large, and there are not so many people invited in the 5-year-old silkworm stage, which is prone to untimely sand removal, causing the size of the silkworm body to be abnormal.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, abnormal temperature and humidity are easy to induce silkworm disease</h1>
In the summer silkworm and mid-autumn silkworm, due to the overall high temperature, the cycle of silkworm farming will be much shorter than the spring silkworm, which means that the time to achieve results for farmers is shortened, and a month can be realized, but in the case of high temperatures, it is not so easy to raise silkworms well, because summer and autumn silkworms are also the time when silkworm diseases are high. The entire 5-year-old silkworm stage, there may be some silkworm diseases, some are latent germs in the early stage, in the 5th instar silkworm stage showed up, and some because of the abnormal temperature and humidity in the silkworm room at this stage, in the southern silkworm stage is mainly affected by high temperature and high humidity, once the temperature in the silkworm room is higher than 30 ° C for a long time, the relative humidity is greater than 80%, like silkworm intestinal disease, silkworm pus, mallaturia and so on The probability of occurrence is relatively large. The time of onset is not fixed, some are the early stage of the 5-year-old silkworm, some are the 3-4 days of the 5-year-old silkworm, sometimes it is close to the time of the upper silkworm, and some are 1-2 days after the onfestation, so the entire 5-year-old silkworm period, farmers must maintain a high degree of vigilance.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, prone to pesticide residue poisoning</h1>
Silkworms are very sensitive to pesticides, if the silkworm house is placed in the pesticide, after the drug volatilizes, it is easy to make the silkworm poisoned, if the mulberry leaves contain pesticide residues, after feeding the silkworm, it is also easy to appear symptoms of poisoning. Because the 5-year-old silkworm needs to feed more mulberry leaves, basically occupying about 70% of the entire silkworm mulberry leaf volume, if their own mulberry garden is not contiguous, there are other farmers around to plant some crops, once the crops use pesticides, although the pesticide is very careful when spraying, there may also be pesticide residues on the surrounding mulberry leaves, directly fed to the silkworms, there may be a phenomenon of vomiting and diarrhea. Silkworm poisoning caused by the mulberry leaf problem is more common in the actual cultivation of silkworms, and sometimes it is difficult to avoid, the better way is to plant the mulberry garden continuously, and at the same time establish some protective belts around the mulberry garden, and the mulberry leaves near the crops are not picked for the silkworms to eat. In addition, when managing the mulberry garden, you should also reduce the use of pesticides, such as herbicides, insecticides, etc., do not use them when you can not use them, give priority to physical and biological control measures, and reduce dependence on pesticides.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, prone to insufficient or excessive supply of mulberry leaves</h1>
Mulberry garden after the establishment of 2-3 years, the supply of mulberry leaves will be relatively stable, 1 acre of mulberry garden can raise 1 piece of silkworm seed, of course, this is in the case of smooth wind and rain, if you encounter continuous dry weather, and the local area does not have the conditions for effective irrigation, then the overall supply of mulberry leaves will be greatly reduced, sometimes an acre of mulberry garden even 0.5 pieces of silkworm seeds can not be satisfied, then in the 5-year-old silkworm stage will face the phenomenon of insufficient mulberry leaves, farmers need to find mulberry leaves from the outside. There is also a phenomenon, that is, the growth of mulberry leaves exceeded expectations, the original 2 acres of mulberry garden can only be used by 2 silkworm species, and the growth of silkworm mulberry trees in this season is very good, which can meet the use of 3 silkworm seeds, and there will be more mulberry leaves left after the silkworm is on the silkworm. Of course, sometimes because of the 5-year-old silkworm stage more disease, more than 50% of the silkworms failed to adhere to the upper silkworm, then there will also be more mulberry leaves left, if the farmer needs to find mulberry leaves from outside, we must understand clearly, why other families will have more mulberry leaves, some mulberry leaves themselves are not suitable for silkworms to eat, blind picking will bring greater losses.
After the silkworm breeding enters the 5-year-old stage, the farmer insists on about 7 days, you can let the silkworm smoothly go up to the silkworm, the silkworm spit silk as a cocoon, the season of silkworm raising is also nearing the end, whether the silkworm can be smoothly on the silkworm, it depends on whether the 5-year-old silkworm stage is in place, picking mulberry leaves, sand removal, sanitation and disinfection and other operations seem simple, but as long as there is a link is not done well, the growth of the silkworm may appear abnormal, more worried about the emergence of silkworm disease, because once in the 5th instar stage, it is often late, There is no good silkworm medicine that can be treated, and the benefits of sericulture may be greatly reduced. Of course, if the management of the 5-year-old silkworm stage is in place, the silkworm body is very good, basically there is no disease, and the upper silkworm is also relatively neat, then the yield and quality of the silkworm cocoon will also be improved a lot, in the actual operation, I personally think that farmers need to do the following 8 aspects of the content in the 5-year-old silkworm period.
1. Pay attention to the treatment of sleep and control the feeding time
When some of the silkworms in the silkworm seat have woken up, that is, into the 5-year-old silkworm period, at this time the farmer should observe the number of sleeping silkworms in the silkworm seat, if only about 50% of the silkworms are awake and sleeping, then do not rush to feed the mulberry leaves, only more than 90% of the silkworms in the silkworm seat are awake and sleepy, and there is a performance of finding mulberry leaves to eat, then the silkworm can be fed mulberry leaves. 5-year-old silkworm after sleeping for the first time to feed mulberry leaves is crucial, if the timing is not good, there will be a large and small silkworm phenomenon, affecting the neatness of the later stage, before feeding mulberry leaves, farmers should first disinfect the silkworm body, you can use bleach powder, anti-stiffness powder evenly sprinkled on the silkworm body, wait 5-8 minutes and then feed the mulberry leaves. When the silkworm wakes up, it is necessary to feed relatively tender mulberry leaves, and the amount of mulberry leaves put into feeding should not be too much, generally feeding 1-1.5 layers of mulberry leaves can be, if you feed the old mulberry leaves or feed too much at one time, it is not conducive to the growth and development of 5-year-old silkworms. Many times, the feeding stage will be placed to remove the net, which is convenient for the first sand removal expansion after sleeping, which is also what needs to be taken into account in actual breeding.
2. Choose the appropriate breeding method
Because the 5-year-old silkworm body wall is relatively thick, the autoimmunity is also much stronger than that of the 1-4 year old silkworm, the adaptability to the surrounding environment has also been enhanced, sometimes it is rained and it is also very healthy, and there are more choices when feeding, and farmers can combine their own situation and choose a feeding method suitable for themselves. At present, the more common breeding methods are flat strip mulberry breeding method, strip mulberry slope breeding method, greenhouse feeding, etc., each breeding method has its advantages, such as strip mulberry slope breeding method, no need to build silkworm racks, only need to feed mulberry leaves once a day, the number of sand removal is also very small, the entire 5-year-old silkworm period only needs to remove sand 1-2 times, which can save a lot of labor and silkworm tools. And if you choose the way of greenhouse feeding, with the help of certain equipment, you can achieve standardized operation, which is conducive to improving the scale of breeding, and there are also greater advantages in regulating temperature and humidity, which is conducive to improving the income of sericulture, at present, as long as it is on a certain scale of breeding, it is necessary to adopt the way of greenhouse feeding, of course, the early investment needs a certain economic foundation.
3. Feed the mulberry leaves regularly and in sufficient quantities
Many silkworm farmers believe that in the 5-year-old silkworm stage, there is a "mouthful of mulberry leaves and a mouthful of silk", mainly because the silkworms are full at this stage, the growth and development of the silk glands will be better, and the amount of silk spit in the later period is guaranteed, if in the 5-year-old silkworm period, the silkworms often starve or eat mulberry leaves often contain sediment, then the size of the silkworm will not be so large, and the development of the silk glands will be significantly weak, which is easy to cause the silkworm cocoon yield and quality to decline. Therefore, farmers should pay attention to the feeding quality of mulberry leaves in the 5-year-old silkworm stage, not only to make the silkworms full, but also to keep up with the quality of the mulberry leaves fed, for some corner old leaves should not be used, the ideal state is to do time, sufficient, such as feeding mulberry leaves in the morning can be fixed at 7:00-8:00, feeding mulberry leaves at noon can be 11:0 0-12:00, each time the amount of mulberry leaves is 1.5-2 layers of mulberry leaves, feeding mulberry leaves in a relatively fixed period of time, will form a conditioned reflex for silkworms, more conducive to the growth and development of silkworms, and farmers can better plan the amount of mulberry leaves, but it is a great challenge to pick mulberry leaves, especially when their own labor is insufficient, it is necessary to arrange personnel to pick mulberry leaves in advance, only when picking mulberry leaves keep up, can we achieve the goal of timing and sufficient quantity.
4. Increase the disinfection frequency of silkworm houses, silkworm seats, silkworm bodies, etc
Although the autoimmunity of the 5-year-old silkworm has increased, the demand for mulberry leaves in the 5-year-old silkworm stage has increased significantly, the entry and exit of personnel in and out of the silkworm house is also more frequent, the ventilation time of the silkworm house has also been extended a lot, and some germs may also enter the silkworm house through various channels. Therefore, the disinfection work in the 5-year-old silkworm period is still a lot of laxity, and it should be further strengthened, before feeding the mulberry leaves every morning, it is necessary to sprinkle fresh lime evenly on the silkworm body, wait for 5-8 minutes before releasing the mulberry leaves, if you encounter rainy weather or silkworm disease, then you need to use fresh lime disinfection before feeding the mulberry leaves every time. In the sericulture, mulberry storage room, etc. disinfection, can be prepared bleaching powder solution for disinfection, disinfection 2-3 times a day, when the temperature in the silkworm room is high, can be sprayed on the silkworm body at noon, with 0.5% effective chlorine bleaching powder solution, both can play a role in disinfection, but also can cool down and moisturize, the timing of the need to be based on the actual situation.
5, sand removal, expansion should be timely
Compared with 1-4 year old silkworms, the 5-year-old silkworm has a significant feature, that is, the amount of mulberry leaves fed is significantly increased, and the size of the silkworm body will gradually become larger, which requires farmers to often remove sand and expand the seat. The first time to remove sand in the 5-year-old silkworm period is when feeding, and then basically every 1 day to remove sand, if you encounter rainy days or high temperature days, the frequency of sand removal should be increased, basically once a day to remove sand, of course, if you take the strip mulberry slope or flat strip mulberry feeding method, then the frequency of sand removal does not need to be so high. According to the traditional sericulture model, the 5-year-old silkworm period should be removed from sand and expanded several times, so that the silkworm can have a relatively comfortable growth environment. In the sand removal, expansion of seats, there are three points that need to be paid attention to, the first is to take lightly, if the action is too large, it is easy to cause irreversible damage to the silkworm body; the second is that the silkworm sand should be properly handled and cannot be stacked at will; the third is to increase the silkworm seat, and it is necessary to disinfect in advance.
6. The temperature and humidity of the silkworm room should be controlled within a reasonable range
Silkworms are more sensitive to temperature and humidity, when the temperature and humidity in the silkworm room is abnormal, the first symptom is that the amount of mulberry leaves eat is abnormal, the original 2 hours can eat mulberry leaves, may be 4 hours in the silkworm seat there are remaining mulberry leaves, some silkworms will directly stop eating mulberry leaves. The temperature in the silkworm room of the 5-year-old silkworm period needs to be controlled at 24-25 ° C, the relative humidity should be controlled at 65%-70%, if the temperature in the silkworm room is higher than 28 ° C, the speed of silkworm eating mulberry leaves will be significantly slowed down, when the temperature is higher than 30 ° C, it may also stop eating mulberry leaves; if the temperature in the silkworm room is lower than 22 ° C, it will affect the development of the silk glands, and when the silk is cocooned in the later stage, the size of the silkworm cocoon will be significantly smaller, and the feeding time of the 5-year-old silkworm period will be extended. In the southern silkworm area, when raising silkworms in summer and autumn, it is easy to encounter high temperature and high humidity weather, and in the spring silkworms and late autumn silkworms, it is easy to encounter low temperature weather in the 5-year-old silkworm period, no matter what kind of weather is encountered, farmers must find ways to control the temperature and humidity in the silkworm room within a reasonable range
7. Strengthen the prevention of silkworm disease and prevent pesticide poisoning
Many times, the 1-3 year old silkworm stage rarely appears silkworm disease, the 4-year silkworm stage occasionally appears some silkworm disease, the incidence is more in the 5-year silkworm stage, sometimes in the 5-year-old silkworm stage, about to be on the time of the disease, which is more obvious to the farmers. Therefore, 5-year-old silkworm farmers should pay more attention to the prevention of silkworm disease, daily hygiene and disinfection can not be less, in addition to the use of silkworm antibiotics, increase the resistance of silkworms, in the 5-year-old silkworm period of the 2nd, 4th, 6th day, you can use the silkworm fly solution sprayed on the mulberry leaf or silkworm body, the prevention of silkworm maggot disease has a better effect. In addition, farmers should also pay attention to the problem of pesticide residue poisoning, some mulberry gardens around the planting of other crops, the silkworm period is also the peak period of crop medication, if the mulberry leaves contain pesticide residues, silkworms eat unclean mulberry leaves, easy to appear symptoms of poisoning, light will delay the time of onion, serious will cause different degrees of yield reduction, in terms of prevention, in addition to the timely use of crops, you can also take a small range of trial feeding, a small range to ensure safety and then normal release of mulberry leaves.
8. Observe the growth of silkworm body and timely on the silkworm
The ultimate goal of silkworm farming is to make silkworms successfully cocoon, the early stage of continuous feeding mulberry leaves are in the preparation for the upper silkworm, each age, the growth and development of silkworms are not the same, farmers in the daily management, to often observe the growth of silkworms, such as 5 years old silkworm period, after feeding mulberry leaves, you can see whether the speed of silkworm eating mulberry leaves is normal, if the speed of eating mulberry leaves is obviously slow, or do not eat mulberry leaves, then pay attention to whether there is silkworm disease. When it is found that there are sick silkworms and dead silkworms in the silkworm seat, it is necessary to pick them out in time and disinfect the surrounding areas, and the silkworms with obviously smaller sizes should also be picked out, which can be raised alone or directly eliminated. Entering the late stage of the 5-year-old silkworm, on the one hand, it is necessary to disinfect the veneer in advance, on the other hand, to observe the mature silkworm in the silkworm seat, only when the number of mature silkworms reaches 5-10%, then use molt hormone, and then place the moth, so that the mature silkworm enters the state of spitting silk as a cocoon.
In short, the 5-year-old silkworm stage is a very busy time for farmers, and the preliminary preparation work should be done very fully, especially for abnormal weather, it is necessary to prepare several plans in advance, and when it is really encountered, it will not panic, and there will be planned arrangements as much as possible, so that even if it is busy, it will be carried out in an orderly manner. Many inexperienced farmers, often in the 5-year-old silkworm stage failed to persist to the end, resulting in the early stage of hard work did not get the due return, in the pity at the same time, but also good at summarizing experience, so that farmers can achieve hard work through silkworm farming.