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Red lettuce because the stem is fat as a bamboo shoot, the flesh is tender, the taste has a special aroma, deeply loved by the southeast coastal cities, with the improvement of people's material living conditions, the demand gradually increased, in order to meet the growing demand, our town in 2010 by the green Han company introduced, and into the planting and export, autumn stubble that year successfully tried planting, the following year in the steel frame greenhouse trial successful early spring stubble red lettuce, to achieve two stubble planting a year. The annual planting area is 3,000 mu, and the cultivation technology of red lettuce is summarized as follows;
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1 nursery</h1>
The temperature in our area is low in early spring, and the early spring planting is planted in the greenhouse in early to mid-February. Transplanted in late March. Autumn stubble is raised in the arch shed in early June, and transplanted from the end of June to July 10. It can also be broadcast live in late June.
1.1 Make up the seedbed; make the soil fine, fat feet, flat, and water the soles of the feet.
1.2 sowing; mainly thin sowing, mu of seeds 20-30 grams sown 30m2, or 100 pieces of 72 hole seedlings, take the plate, point seed, sprinkler integrated machine, the machine can purchase 160 plates or 450 plates per hour unit according to production needs. Seeds for pit disc nursery must be selected or coated with select seeds with a test germination rate of more than 98%. And 5-7 days in advance of the small furrows in stages sowing a certain amount of seed seedlings, the hole plate seedlings are missing in time to supplement the seedlings, to ensure that the hole plate is full of seedlings.
1.3 Seed treatment; seeds soaked in seeds to germinate, first put the seeds into cold water for 4-6 hours, filter dry and wrap with gauze to moisturize and place in the refrigerator cold room at low temperature germination for 3-4 days, when more than 70% of the seeds germinate can be sown. When sowing, the seedbed is first watered with water, and then the germinated seeds are mixed with fine soil and evenly spread on the seedbed furrow surface, and the fine soil is covered with 0.5-0.8 cm after sowing.
1.4 seedling stage management; the entire seedling period from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. need to cover the shade net, 3-5 days can emerge seedlings, seedlings after the seedlings and time seedlings, maintain 3-4 cm plant spacing, pay attention to keep the seedling stage moist, to cultivate strong seedlings. During the 25-day nursery period, the seedlings can be colonized when they reach 4-4.5 leaves. The seedlings of the cave disc adopt sprinkler irrigation, 2-3 times a day, spray more on sunny days, but pay attention to ventilation, cooling and humidity.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 transplanting and density</h1>
Three days before transplanting, gradually uncover the shade net and gradually increase the ventilation of the seedlings, and apply a fertilizer and a drug to prevent and control pests and diseases. Apply 1000 kg of chicken manure or 1500 kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure + 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. Ridge mulching, ridge groove width 75-80 cm, ridge height 25-30 cm. The row spacing is 20×25 cm, and the box is opened at 1.1-1.3 meters. Transplanting density to 7000 plants per mu is appropriate to eliminate the swollen seedlings with expanded stems when transplanting, so as to avoid early extraction, the depth of colonization is not to bury the heart leaves, while planting while watering or dripping root water.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3 field management</h1>
(1) After transplanting into survival, water 0.5% urea liquid is applied 2-3 times, and 10-15 kg of urea is applied per mu.
(2) Lettuce early leaf growth is dominant, early cultivation, 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to mu during medium tillage, and an organic controlled-release fertilizer or 0.5% urea liquid is applied after slow seedlings to expand the leaf area and accumulate nutrients for the hypertrophy of the stem.
(3) The leaf increase is rosette-like, the stem hypertrophy is accelerated, and when the heart leaf and the rosea leaf are flat, it should be fully watered, and the fast-available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be reapplied, at this time, 20 kg of urea should be applied per mu, watered with water, or applied with water. In the future, pay attention to adequate watering and watch the seedlings apply water and fertilizer.
(4) After the foliar sealing, spray foliar fertilizer according to the growth situation, promote lettuce leaves, spray once every 5-7 days according to the growth of seedlings, weather and other specific conditions, spray 2-3 times; at the same time, early autumn lettuce due to high weather temperature, easy to draw moss, must be sprayed on the foliar surface when the seedling height is 30cm, 15g of water 30 kg spray (spraying when the sprinkler does not turn back), spray once in 3-5 days when the temperature is high, spray once in 7-10 days when the temperature is low, spray twice.
Lettuce is a vegetable with a fat young stem as the product organ, and the production often occurs due to poor management and the phenomenon of young stem growth and early moss extraction, which affects the yield and quality. Insufficient fertility, excessive watering, easy to form waterlogging, growth is manifested by the elongation of fine and small nodes of the leaves, and the late vegetable growth rate is low. Drought and high temperature, the young stems are thin and weak, and the quality of the thick stem skin and stem flesh is reduced. Therefore, we must also pay attention to fertilizing thin land, draining waterlogged land, and irrigating drought.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4 pest control</h1>
4.1 Downy mildew
Lettuce is particularly serious to downy mildew, mainly through wind and rain, if the rainy temperature rises and falls in the lotus period, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the disease is easy to be popular, the general temperature is 14-20 degrees, and it is easy to occur when the dew is large.
4.2 Gray mold disease, sclerotia
In recent years, gray mold disease in the high temperature high humidity or low temperature high humidity climatic conditions are high incidence of disease; sclerotia in the temperature of about 5-15 °C, relative humidity of more than 85% of the low temperature and high humidity conditions, easy to occur and harm of bacteria, both diseases can be used 50% chlorherain wettable powder 1500 times liquid, 50% sokrin wettable powder 1500 times liquid or with carbendazim 800 times + Fumei double 800 times liquid for prevention and control.
4.3 Aphid + viral disease
Prevent aphids, less viral diseases, with 50% anti-aphid 2000 times, or 20% imidacloprid 1500 times.
4.4 Spotted diving flies
Use 1.8% avermectin emulsion 3000 times liquid; Insecticidal single 1500 times liquid control.
4.5 downy mildew, aphids, thrips, cabbage worms, small cabbage moths, kale nocturnal moths will often occur successively, 20 days after colonization with 20% Kang kuan 15 ml per mu + 5% avermectin 20 ml per mu + 20% thioli copper 60 g per mu + Gersoli 10 ml per mu, pay attention to the weather forecast, take medication before rain to prevent the occurrence of diseases, and spray once after rain to prevent the spread of diseases.