(The mini program has been added here, please go to today's headline client to view)
Before introducing the screw, first introduce the pipa in the following figure, this Tang Dynasty screw tungsten rosewood five-string pipa, in the top ten rare treasures of China that flowed into Japan, surpassed the Southern Song Dynasty Yao Changing Tianmu Tea Bowl, ranking first, which shows the history and status of the screw process.
Age: Don
Value: Passed down from generation to generation
Texture: Screw inlaid instrument
Time of Entry into Japan: Ancient (Tang)
Collection place: North Courtyard of Shosoin Temple, Miyauchi-kai
Screw is a commonly used material on traditional furniture in China, and screw is also known as "screw inlay", "screw", "screw filling" or "tungsten inlay", that is, the decorative technique of using shell sheets to make patterns embedded in utensils. The Ming Dynasty Huang Cheng's "Records of The Decoration of the Skull" explains the "snail" as follows: "One is dian, one is trapped, and one is a conch." ”
The screw is mainly made from the mussel shell, and after the pearlescent layer is ground and polished into thin slices, it is made into a pattern, bird and beast, and a human figure, embedded in a pre-carved concave pattern, and then a layer of light paint is applied, and then polished flat to expose the tungsten, which is made into a colorful inlaid screw ware.
The combination of screws and lacquer, one twinkling like a star and one as dark as night, is reminiscent of the starry night sky on a clear summer day.
<h1>China has a long history of luodian mosaic</h1>
China's screw decoration techniques have a long history. Archaeological excavations have shown that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, mussel shells have been embedded in lacquerware for decoration, and the earliest screw artifacts found so far are screw utensils excavated from tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as the lacquer bean with 6 mussel bubbles embedded in the outer wall found in the tomb of Shangcunling Yuguo in Shaanxi County, Henan Province in 1956, and the lacquerware support fragments embedded with mussel bubbles found in the Western Zhou Tomb of Pangjiagou in Pangjiagou in 1964.
In addition, a batch of lacquerware representative of western Zhou lacquerware in the Western Zhou lacquerware in Beijing's Liulihe has been excavated. Some of the excavated cultural relics are embedded with mussel pieces, such as lacquer beans, lacquer sticks, etc., of which the lacquer beans are deeply plated, fine handles, and the plates are inlaid with mussel bubbles and mussel pieces, and the upper and lower vermilion string patterns form a decorative pattern; the bean handle is embedded with mussel pieces to embed the eyebrows, eyes, nose and other parts, and combine with the vermilion lacquer pattern to form a gluttonous pattern. The mussel artifacts excavated by these archaeological excavations confirm that our ancestors have mastered the technique of screw inlaying for a long time.
Screw technology has been developed since then, reaching a very high level in the Fifth Tang Dynasty, such as the "Yunlong Pattern Inlaid Screw Paint Back Copper Mirror" excavated in Sanmenxia, Henan Province, and the five generations of "Embedded Screw Tungsten Warp Box" found in Suzhou Ruiguang Pagoda, which are all masterpieces of this period, in addition, the Tang Dynasty Luodian Rosewood Five-string Pipa Instrument collected by the ZhengcangYuan in Japan introduced at the beginning of this article proves that this process has been greatly improved during the Tang Dynasty.
The snail craft of the Song and Yuan dynasties was more popular, and the song dynasty screw lacquerware was mostly inlaid with white screw on the black lacquer base, and some were also embedded with gold and silver wire around the tungsten sheet, so that the screw was firmly inlayed and the color was more luxurious.
Song and Yuan Black lacquer inlaid screw flower and bird pattern pan Ming and Qing snail dian production reached its peak
The Ming Dynasty was a period of development and prosperity of lacquerware, when thick screw dian and thin screw inlay coexisted. Thick screw tungsten, also known as hard screw tungsten, uses a thick texture of tungsten sheets and a relatively single color. Taken from the color is not too strong old clams, Wang Jue, car brick and other shells, its thickness is usually 0.5 to 2 mm, thin screw tungsten is also known as soft screw tungsten, is the use of more colorful abalone shell processing into soft and elastic flakes, with a beautiful and moving pearl-like luster, its thickness is below 0.5 mm, some are only about 0.07 mm. Soft screws require craftsmen to have higher skills in production.
The production of inlaid screw crafts in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties reached its peak, and there were special craftsmen in the palace office to make inlaid screws for the royal family. Its large number and variety are rich, from bottles, boxes, cups, plates and stationery appliances to furniture, etc., all of which are decorated with colorful spirals and inlaid landscape figures, flowers, birds, fish and insects. There is also a kind of lacquered wood with screws embedded in it, and the embedded screws are higher than the surface of the lacquerware or wood, forming a pattern of relief or high relief, called "engraving".
Screw inlay is an important decorative technique on traditional furniture in China, which integrates inlay, carving and painting, and has high artistic value. Because the "screws" on the inlaid screw furniture are selected from the more valuable materials such as old clams, wang jue, car bricks or abalone shells in rivers and lakes, the production cost is high, so it is regarded as a treasure in ancient society. And due to the passage of age and the change of climate, temperature and humidity, the inlaid screw furniture is very prone to the phenomenon of opening the glue and peeling off the paint, the screw insert falling off and other damage phenomena, and it is even more rare to be able to completely preserve it.
(Circle cards have been added here, please check out the today's headlines client)