The Volga River originates in the Austashkov district of Tver Oblast, Russia, in the lake district southeast of the Valdai Hills in northwestern Moscow, flows from northwest to southeast, and finally flows into the Caspian Sea, the world's largest lake.
There are many tributaries of the Volga River, with a dense network of rivers, with more than 200 major tributaries, the largest of which are the Oka and Kama rivers.
At the place where the Volga River flows into the Caspian Sea, a Volga Delta with an area of 18,985 square kilometers is formed, which is the largest delta in Russia.
The Volga River is the longest river in Russia and Europe, with a total length of more than 3688 kilometers, a basin area of 1.38 million square kilometers, and an annual runoff of 254 billion cubic meters, making it the longest inland river in the world. The Volga River has a drop of only 190 meters from the source of the river to the mouth of the river, and the river flows slowly, which is a typical plain river.
The Volga River is Russia's inland shipping artery, its trunk and tributary basins inhabit the population of 64.5 million, accounting for about 43% of the Russian population, it connects the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea through the canal, so it has the reputation of "five seas navigation".
The Volga River is the mother river of Russians, the Volga River basin accounts for 2/5 of the European part of Russia, its huge economic, cultural and historical importance and huge basin area, making it rank first among the major rivers in Russia.
The volga river trunk and tributary circulation vessels have a mileage of 3256 kilometers, and the freight volume accounts for more than half of the total river transport in Russia.
The main cargo flow is oil, timber, grain, machinery as the bulk, and the important river ports are Kazan, Astrakhan and so on.
The Volga River flows through 13 federal subjects of Russia and is the most important region in Russia.
The Orca River is the largest and most watery tributary on the right bank of the Volga River, with a total length of 1,478 km, a basin area of 245,000 square kilometers, and an average annual flow of 1,230 cubic meters per second in the estuary.
Originating near the village of Karpshkino in the Madmurt Republic, the Kama River is the largest tributary of the left bank of the Volga River, with a total length of 2,032 km and a basin area of 521,700 km².
The Volga Comes from snowmelt, groundwater and rainwater, of which snowmelt accounts for 60% of annual discharge. The climate of the Volga region varies greatly from north to south.
The Volga River and its tributaries are the most important inland waterways in Russia, in addition to the main stream, the most important routes of the tributaries are the Sheksnavo River, the Oka River, the Moskva River, the Kama River, the Belaya River, the Ufa River and so on. The main and tributaries of the Volga River have navigable waterways of more than 17,000 kilometers, and in fact, the Volga River bears 70% of Russia's national shipping cargo.
The artificial waterway is the longest of the Moscow Canal, which connects the Moscow River and the Volga River together, in addition to connecting the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea through the canal, forming a unified deep-water waterway network in Russia and Europe, with a maximum length of about 6600 kilometers and a minimum channel guaranteed water depth of 3.65 meters.
The Volga River is navigable for about 3219 kilometers, with more than 70 navigable tributaries, and there are many famous Russian cities in the basin, such as Kazan, Tver, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyano tosk, Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan.
There are many lakes in the Volga River Basin, mainly Lake Sheligal, Lake Volyi, Lake Pleshevo, Lake Garic, Lake Salpa and so on.
The Volga river fishery occupies an extremely important position in the former Soviet Union, accounting for 50% of the fishing volume of the former Soviet Union and 90% of the sturgeon catch in the former Soviet Union.
Kazan in the Volga Valley is the capital of the Tatar Republic and the center of Islam in Russia. Astrakhan is the fishing hub of the Volga and Caspian Seas, where 90% of the world's fishing is caught, and its famous caviar and caviar are sold all over the world and are famous all over the world.
The Volga River Basin is an important industrial and agricultural area in Russia, mainly in machinery manufacturing, oil extraction and processing and chemical industry, electric power, building materials and food industry, of which the output of cars accounts for the first place in Russia, crude oil accounts for the second place, and electricity accounts for about 15%.
The Volga River Basin has the largest grain base in Russia, mainly producing sunflower seeds, wheat, barley, corn and vegetables, melons and fruits, animal husbandry occupies an important position in agriculture in the region, and the output value of animal husbandry accounts for 63% of the total agricultural output value.
Volgograd is the largest city in the Volga region, once known as Stalingrad, is Russia's "southern granary" and military stronghold, and is also an important industrial and commercial trade center of Russia.
With a total length of 3,692 meters, the Yolga River is the longest inland river in the world, 614 kilometers longer than the second longest inland river in the world, the Syr Darya River, and 1555 kilometers longer than the Tarim River, the longest inland river in China.
The Volga river is the longest river in Europe and the largest river in Europe, while its source is only 290 meters above sea level, and its estuary is below sea level, making it the world's most famous plain river.
Historically, the Volga River Basin was an important area for many nomadic peoples in the north of the desert to migrate westward, where different ethnic groups and different cultures exchanged and integrated.
After the Eastern Han Dynasty defeated the Northern Xiongnu, the Northern Xiongnu moved west and established a huge Xiongnu Empire, which once ruled the Volga region, and the Attila era threatened Rome and was powerful for a time.
After being forced to move west under the blows of the Northern Wei and turks, the Ruoran established the Avar Khanate in the Volga River Valley, and made several advances into Central Europe, before being defeated by Charlemagne and integrated into Europe.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, a Khazarian group of Western Turks was nomadic in the Volga Region, and after the Tang Conquered the Western Turks, all the Western Turkic homelands were incorporated into the territory of the Tang.
After the Mongol conquest, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu established the Golden Horde and brought the Volga Valley under Mongol rule.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, a group of Turks of the Mongols lived in the Volga River Valley, and during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Turks returned to China through the Kazakh steppe under the leadership of their leader Wolbasi.