American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American Shorthair
American shorthair cat
Silver tabby
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
The American Shorthair is a descendant of the European Shorthair cat that arrived in North America through early voyagers and explorers in the 17th century, and was improved and bred. In 1971, it was selected as one of the best breeds of cats in the United States.
As the first cat in the beautiful country, from the original "working cat", by virtue of its own advantages, it was successfully promoted to "noble cat", which was deeply loved by the shovelers.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
At present, the CFA recognizes as many as 41 kinds of flowers, and the common ones in China are silver tabby, silver tabby and white (cheese cat). In addition to representative patterns such as standard spots and fishbone patterns, there are also solid colors, gradients (shadow colors) and so on.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > the first "cat" in the United States</h1>
Why is The Beauty Short so popular?
It is not small, in a sense, it has witnessed the birth of a country!
In the sixteenth century, due to the Reformation, the Puritan separatism was brutally suppressed and persecuted by Queen Elizabeth of England, in order to get rid of religious oppression and seek freedom, some Puritans in England signed and decided to drag their families and move to North America.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Scene from the port of Plymouth (the ship in the picture is none other than the Mayflower)
In the autumn of 1620, a cargo ship that had been engaged in commercial trade (usually wine), the Mayflower,
Carrying 102 Puritans quietly left the British port of Plymouth for the present-day U.S. state of Massachusetts.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
The Mayflower on its voyage
The cabin was crowded, dark and damp, rat pests were rampant, the smell of vomit and seeping water from the bottom of the ship was everywhere, and the people on board were fighting against the fears and diseases in their hearts every day.
Luckily, they were accompanied by a dozen cats.
Their duty is to catch rats and pests that spread germs on board the ship, so that food and goods are protected from damage, so they are very popular on board.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
As soon as the Mayflower docked, the people on board signed one of the most important contracts in human history, the Mayflower Convention.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Mayflower Convention
This convention became the first of many subsequent self-governing conventions in the United States." Historically, the Mayflower Convention and the Declaration of Independence can be said to be the cornerstones of the United States' national constitution.
It is precisely because of this "Flower of America" that more than 100 people who first came to the North American continent lived and multiplied there, making outstanding contributions to the development of British North American colonies, and also creating a situation for the future independence of the United States.
And, of course, our cute cats! Following the mayflower's call, the cats left the ship with their passengers and began to spread along the coast.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
When they arrived in the United States, they still maintained close relations with humans, such as catching rats on farms, helping humans control the number of rodents, and acting as "guardians" to protect food!
Unlike today's pampered cats, these "working cats" are outdoors, adapting to a variety of harsh climates through thick, dense hair.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Looking back at history, it can be simply understood that the current American shorthair cat evolved from the cat brought by the Mayflower colonists.
On July 4, 1776, early American shorthair cats were likely to appear at the Continental Convention in Philadelphia. In other words, this breed has witnessed the birth of a nation!
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Such a legendary, rich in historical and cultural heritage, or the "great hero" on the road of immigration, obviously you can eat by the face, but rely on strength, can you not be liked?
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Who dares to say that cats are adulterers, who am I anxious with!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="366" > the U.S. short breed standard</h1>
Known for its large physique, thick bones, muscular, intelligent nature, and docile personality, Mesquite is a large breed of short-haired cats.
This look is the top match of the macho man!
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Unlike the treatment we imagined as a "noble cat", people are not flowers in the greenhouse!
Over time, these cats, which followed the Mayflower across the ocean, were gradually bred in the United States as stronger "working cats", able to hunt well and survive the long winter.
That's why they have one of the characteristics of a strong, muscular body.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Friends who have hugged the beauty short can feel the heavy "bone mass", like a solid ball, which is completely different from the blue fat man.
Next, let's look at what are the characteristics of a standard english short?
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
NO. 1
Beauty short head
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Head: there is an unusually large head compared to the body type, with a smooth forehead;
Ears: The tip of the ear is finely rounded and medium in size.
NO. 2
Beauty short face
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Face: wide face, oval in shape, rounded and full cheeks;
Eyes: usually yellow-green, the eyes are large and the upper eyelid is like an almond broken in the middle, the lower eyelid is round, and the outer corner of the eye is higher than the inner corner, bright, clear and clever;
Nose: medium length, from the side, the inward curved bridge of the nose extends from the forehead to the tip of the nose, the nose color is mostly black, and the adult is more than brick red;
Mouth: the muscles of the mouth are square, the jawbone is strong, the chin is firm and fully unfolded, and the adduction is adducted, streamlined and toned, and the upper lip is balanced;
Neck: neck of medium length, strong and muscular;
This is in stark contrast to the enlarged jaw of the English shorthair cat.
NO. 3
Beauty short body shape
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Body shape: large and long, broad chest, muscular;
Limbs: thick bones, strong and strong;
Tail: The base of the tail is thicker, the length of the body is slightly longer than its height, from the side, the body energy is divided into three equal parts, and the length of the tail is equal to the length of the shoulders to the bottom of the tail.
NO. 4
Beauty short hair
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Short hairs, which become thicker and thicker in winter due to climate influences;
The coat is short, thick, uniform and hard.
NO. 5
Beauty short weight
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Adult females weigh 2.7–5.4 kg, while males weigh 5–6.8 kg and are medium-sized.
There is no good or bad cat, the breed standard is to provide a professional basis for breeding and grading, but also in order to breed cats that are more in line with the breed standard to ensure the development direction.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="367" > short décor</h1>
Color: Silver[1] is the most common, followed by blue[2], brown[3], red[4], Camille[5], smoke,[6] and so on.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Pattern: The main domestic markings are mainly marked, and the fishbone pattern is difficult to guarantee the variety.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Left: Fishbone pattern Right: tabby stripe
1. Tabby stripes
Also called "marking", the grain is wider, and usually there will be a bull's eye pattern on the side;
When looking down, the pattern is symmetrical, and it is also known as "butterfly pattern";
Back Sichuan characters, divided into five parts, three black and two silver, wide and narrow uniform, clear boundaries, black oil shiny, silver pure.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
2. Fishbone pattern
Also called "mackerel pattern". Because it has not been introduced in the early days of China, and the marking spots cannot breed fishbone patterns, many people think that the fishbone patterns seen in China are strung with tanuki cats.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
3. Gradient (shadow color)
In addition to the well-known English short silver gradient, the American short also has a gradient color (which is relatively rare), which is easy to confuse.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
4. Tortoiseshell/ Three Flowers
There are more than three colors on the body, the difference is that the colors of the tortoiseshell are integrated with each other, and the three flowers have obvious boundaries.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Color blocks: divided into solid color, white and high white.
Also called "cheese cat" (extends from the open face to the abdomen, often accompanied by a pink nose, a tonbo, white gloves, and a pink claw pad. High white is more rare, and on the basis of whitening, the face is larger, even to the top of the head. ）
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
It is worth noting that many people take the English short silver gradient and the English short blue and white to produce fishbone patterns, and adding a little white becomes the beauty short and white...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="369" > ideal family companion</h1>
01 High friendliness ☆☆☆☆☆☆
Mitsuru is a mild-mannered and sociable breed. They are strong, intelligent, confessing, patient, interactive, will actively "camp" on the legs of their owners, and like to be noticed and touched.
And with children, the elderly, and even dogs can get along very well, is the ideal family pet.
Some cats even help take care of their newborn babies at home.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
02 Extremely adaptable ☆☆☆☆☆
They have good endurance and agility, curiosity and independence, a strong hunting instinct, and will continue into old age, regardless of how much the agility of the limbs decreases.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
The hair fit is high, the texture is hard, and the degree of hair loss is slightly lower than that of The English short.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
03 Disease risk ☆☆☆
American shorts are usually healthy, they have no congenital health problems, no special dietary requirements, and live up to 15-20 years. This is due to "hybrid viability", where a portion of the genetic material combination is obtained and retained from natural varieties, thus reducing the risk of genetic diseases.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
It should be noted that the United States is prone to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (more serious heart disease), and the incidence of disease increases with the age of cats, and the incidence of male cats is higher than that of female cats.
as well as hip dysplasia (hip deformity) that requires surgery.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Since most cats are now raised indoors with limited space, less hunting behavior, lack of exercise, easy to lead to obesity, in the growth stage, you need to control the diet Oh!
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="371" > how to distinguish between American short and British short</h1>
The English short and the American short are the most popular and common among the short-haired cats, in fact, they can be quickly distinguished by the naked eye.
1. Head shape and ears
American short - oval face ears large; English short - round face ears small.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
2. Body type
American short - the whole is rectangular, the back is flat; the English short - the whole is round, and the back has a curvature.
I'm sorry! I really can't find the same angle to make a comparison chart... [Crying is silent]
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
In short, the Short Body is more neat, and the English Short is five short.
The two of them want to participate in the beauty pageant, and there is no comparison at all. A "bodybuilder", a "Yang Guifei fan", took a completely different route!
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
3. Hair
Beauty short - soft paste, thick and close like a blanket; English short - furry, fluffy and thick like a carpet.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Seeing this, will you still be unable to distinguish between the American short and the British short?
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="372" > short price</h1>
Benchmarking Shenzhen, the following is for reference only, parents can choose to buy according to their needs:
Regular cat house: ¥5000-20000, can provide pedigree certificate, participation glory, etc., more guaranteed.
Pet shop: ¥2000-6000, more optional.
Family/Individual: ¥500-1500, cost-effective, but blood is difficult to guarantee.
Breeding farm: hundreds, generally sold in bulk, no after-sales, many strings.
Free adoption: Extremely unlikely.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
ps: The above only takes silver tabby as an example, and the price of short plus white is slightly higher. Secondly, many pet shops are also purchased from breeding farms and retail (individuals), and rarely have their own breeding bases.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="373" > the world's first beautiful short breeding person - Zhang Jie</h1>
Such a famous "American cat" has been created to a new height by a contemporary woman in our country!
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
As the founder of the CFA China American Short Club, Zhang Jie has been professionally breeding american shorts for 13 years, during which he has won the titles of "2016-2017 CFA World Ranking No.1", "China's All-Cat Breed Adult Cat No. 1", and "World No. 1 American Shorthair".
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
20w do not sell the race-grade beauty short "pants"
Her cat house is located in a mysterious house near The Beijing University of Technology, and the house of more than 800 square meters has been carefully designed and transformed into a cat house, which is also used as her private home.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Zhang Jie with her cat
There are more than 100 cats with top pedigree in it, and under her careful care, each cat is radiant, and there is a novel experience of breaking into the "meow planet", which is incomparable to cat coffee.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Zhang Jie's deeds make me happy at the same time, but also make me regret.
It is a matter of pride that she has fully demonstrated our breeding technology and strength to the world, and it is regrettable that none of the CFA breeds in the CFA catalogue so far comes from our Greater China, and even the "Chinese Tanuki Cat Gradon-Li" that was once included was withdrawn in 2018.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
You will find that the American short brown tabby, which also carries tabby markings, is very similar to our Tanuki cat. If you compare the Short Brown Fish Bone Pattern (rare) in the United States, the cat mother is estimated to be indistinguishable! ~
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Our tanuki cat is not bad in all aspects, but it has not formed a standardization, the appearance and personality are uneven, and it is completely in accordance with the "barbaric growth" of the natural environment, so that the polarization is serious, and the indoor domesticated tanuki cat is as docile and well-behaved as the breed cat, while the free-range wild is wild and difficult to tame.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Chinese Tanuki cat
Just like our Chinese Pastoral Dog is no worse than the Japanese Shiba Inu, but because Japan has refined and extremely strict standards in the breeding process, it guarantees the characteristics that a breed of dog must meet.
And now our Chinese pastoral dogs are facing the dilemma of being marginalized and gradually disappearing. Fortunately, tanuki cats are still loved by the Chinese people, and you can see that many people around you are raising them.
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
Regarding how to distinguish between the short and tanuki cats, in addition to observing the face plate, body structure, etc., the simplest way to distinguish is that the tanuki cat does not have silver.
If you want to buy a pure-blooded beauty short,
Silver tabby is recommended!
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
American shorthair cat 丨 Silver tabby America's first "cat" American short breed standard American short color ideal family pet companion how to distinguish between the United States short and British short American short price World's first Beauty short breeding education - Zhang Jie breeding book
