In the teacher recruitment examination, the classification of inhibition is mainly examined in the form of objective questions such as single choice and multiple choice. Common example-type multiple-choice questions require everyone to understand the meaning of each inhibition classification.
The basic processes of higher neural activity are excitatory processes and inhibitory processes. The two regulate and balance each other, thus constituting all the higher neural activities of the cerebral cortex. For example, the visual and auditory central hubs are excited during lectures, while the somatic motor centers are in a relatively inhibited state, thus ensuring the normal progression of organic activities. The excitatory process of higher neural activity changes with environmental conditions, weakening or subsiding some of the conditioned reflexes, that is, the process of inhibition of higher neural activity. The inhibition process is divided into unconditional inhibition and conditional inhibition.
1. Unconditional inhibition, also known as unconditional inhibition, is a congenital inhibition born of the organism, including external inhibition and over-limit inhibition.
(1) External inhibition: When the organism is undergoing some kind of conditioned reflex activity, an additional stimulus suddenly acts, and a new dominant excitatory center may be generated in its nerve center, and the original ongoing conditioned reflex is inhibited, called external inhibition. For example, when you hear others shouting at you when you are writing, the movement in your hands stops; A sudden loud noise halts the ongoing activity, which is due to the excitement of the corresponding areas of the cerebral cortex due to additional stimulation, and this new excitatory center quickly enhances its inhibition of certain areas of the surrounding cerebral cortex.
(2) Over-limit inhibition: Inhibition caused by stimulus intensity exceeding a certain limit is a kind of protective inhibition. It is the inhibition of nerve cells produced by relatively strong, excessive, and prolonged stimulation on the cerebral cortex, called protective inhibition. Over-limit inhibition is the protection of cerebral cortex cells from damage caused by overexcitation, which is the organism's own defensive response. People fall asleep after staying up late and overly tired, and the teacher talks too much about the absorption is a manifestation of over-limit inhibition.
2. Conditional inhibition, also known as internal inhibition, is an inhibition that is gradually acquired under certain environmental conditions, and is a unique inhibition process in the higher parts of the central nervous system. It is divided into regression inhibition, delay inhibition, and differentiation inhibition.
(1) Fading inhibition: inhibition due to the persistence of conditioned reflexes has not been strengthened. It is the basic form of conditional inhibition. For example, dogs learn to saliva when they hear a bell, but if only the bell does not stimulate the flesh for a long time, the dog's slow drooling behavior will disappear.
(2) Delayed inhibition: After the appearance of conditioned stimuli, they are reinforced after a period of time intervals, and the organism must wait for a period of time before responding to the conditioned stimulus. For example, if a dog learns to salivate when it hears a bell, if the time to feed the meat after the bell is presented is delayed, the time for the dog to reflexively drool after hearing the bell will be delayed accordingly.
(3) Differentiation inhibition: only the conditioned stimulus is strengthened, and the similar stimulus is not strengthened, and the similar stimulus will no longer cause conditioned reflexes. Differentiation inhibition enables organisms to perform a fine analysis of their external environment and respond accurately. For example, a dog learns to salivate when it hears a 50-decibel ringtone, but a 70-decibel ringtone does not cause its saliva-flowing reaction. In learning, the subtle distinction between "self", "has", and "巳" is achieved through differentiation inhibition.