Bats are the most complete little common sense

The new coronavirus has seriously affected everyone's life, and this virus is highly contagious and harmful. It is currently suspected that the virus is linked to bats. How much do you know about this powerful species?

Bat is a general term for pterodactyls, pterodactyl is the second largest group of mammals after rodents, there are 962 species in 19 families and 185 genera, which have lived on Earth for 88 million years, almost contemporaries with dinosaurs; bats are the only mammals that have evolved the ability to fly, they have wings to fly, but not birds are mammals, bats are unique flying organs, not wings, but - winged hands; in addition to some islands in the polar and oceans, bats can be seen all over the world, They are one of the most widely distributed animals in the world; 1/5 of all mammals are bats; bats are far worse than birds because their body structure is very strange: the forelimbs are developed, the upper arms, forearms, metacarpal bones, and phalanges are particularly long, supported by a thin, hairy, soft and tough skin membrane; bats and horses may be related. The researchers compared the genetic sequences of bats, cats, dogs, horses, cattle, humans, rhesus macaques, rats and mice, and found that the closest relatives to bats were: horses; did bats suck blood? The answer is yes, but not all bats suck blood. Vampire bats are mainly distributed in central and southern America, often sucking animal or domestic animal blood, and occasionally sucking human blood; vampire bats contain a special enzyme in their saliva that can prevent fresh blood from clotting; bats have not only two teeth, but neatly arranged in two columns, which can bite prey several times their own weight; in Western countries, bats are a symbol of evil, widely spreading the legend of bat vampires. But in traditional Chinese culture, bats symbolize "blessings," which also illustrates cultural differences; the world's largest bat is the Malay flying fox, with a maximum wingspan of 183 centimeters and a weight of 600-1100 grams. But the fox bat is one of two completely vegetarian bats (the other is fruit bats), feeding on the fruits of rambutan, fig and lanza fruit tree; the world's smallest bat is the bumblebee bat, also known as the "Thai pig-nosed bat", with a wingspan of only 8 centimeters and a weight of only 2 grams; a vampire bat, which sucks about 100 liters of blood in its lifetime; and a swarm of 100 bats can suck up 730 liters of blood per year, equivalent to the entire blood of 20 horses or 365 sheep Wild vampire bats are one of the carriers of the rabies virus, which is what makes them truly terrible; vampire bats have a special physiological system and cannot eat anything other than bloodlust. The world's longest-lived vampire bat is a female vampire bat that lived in a cage for 19 and a half years before dying; the vast majority of bats worldwide do not suck blood. 70% of the world's bats eat insects, especially pests. Most of the remaining fruit and nectar are the best pollinators and seed propagators on the planet; some bats can fish, Mexican rabbit lip bats can catch more than 30 small fish in one night; bats have eggs and eggs that are 8% of the body weight; bats in a small bat cave eat more than 1 ton of insects in a year, more than 6 million bugs; bats can catch and distinguish 250 sets of echoes in 1 second (Note: sound waves go back and forth at a time); bats' navigation ability is by no means limited to echolocation, it has magnetism in its body" The compass"navigation function can accurately return to the habitat from thousands of miles away according to the Earth's magnetic field; the bat is the famous "night walker", although its vision is very poor, but it has an extraordinary echo positioning method, it can still navigate and forage in the dark; since autumn, the bat has accumulated a layer of fat in the lower abdomen, Before hibernation, the weight becomes more than 1.5 times that of summer; some bats can fly faster than 50 kilometers per hour; Reuters reported in 2014 that bats can carry more than 100 extremely toxic and dangerous viruses, including Ebola, rabies, SARS, etc., but it is strange that the virus cannot cause any harm to them. The same virus, parasitized in any human or horse, cow, sheep, monkey, pig, has long been dead; bats need to consume a lot of energy during flight, metabolic levels will increase by 15 to 16 times, the metabolic rate is super high, and the heartbeat can reach a staggering 1,000 times. In flight, the body temperature of bats can reach 40 ° C, which is equivalent to a continuous high fever, which can kill microorganisms with high temperatures, shorten the survival time of diseases, and continuously inhibit the replication of viruses; bat genes evolve rapidly until they create an incomparably anti-heavenly immune system, strong and powerful defense functions, and it is difficult to be harmed by foreign bodies. Science has found that there are several bats in the body are missing a gene fragment containing the "PYHIN gene family", the gene is incomplete, so that the virus can not play a role in bats; bat DNA also has cancer suppressor factors, can automatically repair damaged genes, these genes can be stably passed on to offspring, so that different generations can stably maintain this trait, so bats rarely get cancer; many serious infectious diseases in history worldwide or regional pandemics, all started by bats. For humans, most of the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world today are transmitted by bats; bats fly to corners or caves and in just a few seconds they can turn over and hang themselves upside down. For a long time, how bats quickly upside down has been a mystery to scientists. Especially compared with the overall weight, bats are the heaviest "wings" of all flying animals; upside-down bats can not only reduce their own energy consumption, but also allow themselves to completely relax and rest when hanging upside down. And don't worry, there are valves in the bat's blood vessels, which will not flow back, resulting in cerebral congestion; there are also special tendons on the bat's feet, so that they hang very firmly, even if they die, they will continue to hang; bats will hang over when they urinate, and will not urinate into their mouths; the surface of the artificial building is the death pit where the bat locates. Because the smooth, vertical surface of the man-made building forms an "acoustic mirror surface", most of the sound waves cannot be reflected back to the bat. Bats can't receive reflected sound waves, they think there is nothing in front of them, and continue to fly at high speed. When it flies near the obstacle, even if it reacts, the bat will not have time to change direction, and then, duang! 36, there are several kinds of bats will give their partners oral sex. Oral sex is rare in the animal kingdom, and in addition to humans, there are also oral sex between bonobos, orangutans, ring-tailed lemurs, but with the exception of primates, bats seem to be the only species that use oral sex as daily sexual intercourse; bats... Can I eat it? When Su Dongpo was exiled to Hainan in the Song Dynasty, he recorded that the tropical people ate bats: "The natives ate potatoes and potatoes, and recommended burning bats with lavender rats; the first smell of honey and vomiting, slightly closer to the custom of toads." "For Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Fiji, Malaysia, bats are a very common human delicacy, especially fruit bats, usually like to eat fruit nectar, tender flesh, silly and stupid, locals believe that these bats suck the essence of plants, enjoy them is good for the body." Palau in the western Pacific also loves bats, but the practice is more frightening, that is... bat! bat! soup! Or the whole soup! Bats' natural enemies are snakes, birds and other carnivores, these animals catch and eat bats, often carry or infect the virus on bats, if humans come into contact with these carnivores, it is undoubtedly very dangerous; bats carry more than 4,000 kinds of viruses, of which more than 500 kinds of coronaviruses, and more than 100 kinds of extremely toxic, dangerous! Cherish yourself, cherish others, stay away from bats, stay away from all kinds of wild game!