<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > (1) land selection and land preparation</h1>
Nursery fields are preferably sandy loam soils with fertile soil and easy drainage and irrigation. Before seedlings, apply sufficient base fertilizer, turn the ground 25-30 cm, make a furrow 1.0--1.5 m wide, and wait for sowing. The colonization site can choose loam, sandy loam or alluvial soil, and there must be sufficient water sources to facilitate irrigation. Soil salinity should be less than 0.2%. The colonized land should be ploughed in autumn, and after the next spring rake, the hole should be dug at a distance of 170-230 cm, the hole diameter should be 40-50 cm, and the depth should be 40 em, and the base fertilizer should be prepared and waiting for colonization.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (2) high seedling transplanting</h1>
Goji berries can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, splitting, and strips, and field production is mainly based on seeds and cuttings.
1. Seedlings
(1) Seed nursery
Before seed treatment and sowing, soak the dried fruit in water for 1-2 days, rub off the peel and pulp, rinse out the seeds in clean water, fish out and dry slightly, and then mix well with 3 parts of fine sand, germinate under indoor 20C conditions, and then sow seeds when the seeds are 30% white. Seed seedlings to spring sowing as a good (Table 6-101), the same year can be transplanted and planted, seed seedlings are more sown with strips, according to the row spacing of 30-40em trenching, the seeds after germination mixed with fine soil or fine seedlings sprinkled in the ditch, covered with soil about 1cm, after sowing slightly suppressed and covered with grass to protect the mound.
In the windy area of the northwest Thousand Mornings, sowing can be done by deep trenching and shallow soil covering, and the sowing amount is 0.5kg per mu. : Seedling management is generally 7-10 days after sowing, and the overlying grass is sprinkled in time when the seedlings are emerging, and when the seedlings are 3-6cm high, the seedlings can be interspersed; when the seedling height is 20-30cm, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 15em. Combined with smelling seedlings. Fix seedlings, weed and loosen the soil, and then remove weeds in time. Generally, before July, pay attention to keeping the seedbed moist to facilitate the growth of seedlings, and reduce the soil visibility after August to facilitate the lignification of seedlings. Seedling stage - general topdressing twice, each time applying urea 5--10kg/mu, depending on the seedling situation with the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Before the sap flows, the cuttings and seedlings are selected from one-yearly long branches or seven-inch branches, and cut into 15-20em long cuttings. Cut the upper end of the cuttings into a flat mouth, cut the lower end into a diagonal opening, and insert it obliquely into the seedbed according to the row spacing of 30 cm X 15 cm to keep the soil moist. The survival rate of cuttings: the long branches are higher than seven inches, the thick branches are higher than the thin branches, the middle and lower parts of the branches are higher than the upper part, and the general survival rate can reach more than 80%. It has been reported that the use of a-Cai acetic acid 15-20ppm unfoamed cuttings for 24 hours has the effect of promoting rooting. Seedling stage management is the same as seed nursery.
2. Transplanting) Goji berry transplanting (colonization) There are two ways, one is to dig a large hole according to the hole spacing of 230cm, 3 plants per hole, and the spacing between the plants in the cave is 835cm, which is triangular: the other is to dig a hole at a height of 170cm, and each hole is planted with 1 plant. The first colonization method is suitable for large areas of aeolian sand, when the plant grows relatively strongly, it is necessary to dig out 1-2 plants to remove; the second colonization method is suitable for areas with small aeolian sand, single plant colonization, conducive to the extension of branches, good growth and development.
Goji berries can be transplanted in both spring and autumn, from late March to early April in spring and mid-to-late October in autumn. Because the root system of goji berries is shallow and organic, colonization should not be too deep, colonization should open a large hole and shallow flat, the root system should be crossed in the hole, cover the soil 10--15cm, and then solidly irrigate.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (iii) field management</h1>
1. Turn over the garden. Weeding in the middle group to dry the garden, once a year, in spring or autumn. Spring is mostly carried out from late March to early April (commonly known as digging spring garden), digging spring garden should not be too deep, generally 12-15cm. The main purpose of digging spring garden is to protect the moisture and promote the extension of the spring root system and the germination of buds. Autumn drying of the garden is carried out in early to mid-October (commonly known as "digging autumn garden"), and this digging garden can be properly excavated, which is about 20em. In addition to increasing the soil water storage capacity, the country can also effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and can eliminate some harmful pathogens and insect eggs.
Generally young goji berries, the canopy is not amorphous, weeds are easy to breed, and the weeding should be diligent in cultivation; after the canopy is fixed, the number of weeding and weeding in cultivation can be reduced. Weeding is generally carried out 3-4 times a year, mostly between May and August. Due to the strong germination ability of goji berries, combined with cultivation and weeding, useless germination stems and U buds should be removed to ensure the good development of the mother plant.
2. Fertilization goji berries are fertile medicinal plants, due to the annual results, the amount of results is larger, the nutrient consumption is more, so it is necessary to apply fertilizer in time every year to ensure high yield and stable yield, and can prevent premature tree aging. Topdressing is topdressed during the growth period and dormant period. Dormant topdressing is mainly organic fertilizer, 3--4 years of general single plant topdressing circle fertilizer and so on about 10kg, 5--6 years of chasing 15-20kg, more than seven years of about 25kg. It can be applied from mid-October to mid-November, either symmetrically trenched or annular furrowed, or by ditching in between rows near the canopy edge. Fertilization depth of 20-25 em is appropriate. Fast-acting fertilizers are mostly used during the growth period, and ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, calcium superphosphate and so on are commonly used. --Generally, topdressing 2-3 times a year, 2-4 years of birth in June-August topdressing, five years after the topdressing in May-July. The amount of fertilizer per plant for two-year growth is 25g, 50g for 3-4 years, and 50-100g for 50-100g after five years. It can be directly sprinkled in the range map of the tree tray, and the shallow hoe is water after application. Many units or areas in the flowering and fruiting stages are also subjected to extra-root topdressing with potassium sulfate in order to improve fruit set rate. Foliar sprays such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. Irrigation and drainage of young wolfberries that are 2-3 years old should be appropriately less irrigated to facilitate the extension of the root system to the deep soil and lay the foundation for the deep leaves of young wolfberries. Generally, the water is stored 5-6 times a year, and most of them are irrigated once a month in May-September and November. After four years of life, in June-August, one or more irrigation is added every month, so that the number of irrigations per year reaches 7--8 times. Generally, there is a fruiting period, which requires more water, and water is indispensable during this period. In years with heavy rain, irrigation can be reduced as appropriate. And pay attention to drainage when water is accumulating.
4. After plastic pruning and colonization, goji berries are mainly in the stage of tree body growth and canopy formation before a large number of fruits ● Artificial pruning must be carried out in order to cultivate a productive tree with good tree shape and many fruits. The shaping of young goji berries takes 5-6 years and is divided into three stages.
In the spring of the year of pruning and drying, the top of the young tree is cut and dried at a height of 50-60 cm, and 3-5 strong side branches with a length of 10-20em are selected under the shear. The side branches should be evenly distributed, as the backbone branches of the canopy, and in the second, third and fourth years after the cultivation of the grass-roots colonization, 3-4 branches should be selected on each backbone branch of the previous year, and the mouth should be cut at 30 cm to prolong the backbone branch. After three years of cultivation, the canopy continues to increase, expand and enrich, and in the fourth year, the height of the tree can reach 120 cm, and the crown width is 120--150 em.
In the fifth and sixth years of top molding, with the trunk as the center, the long branches are selected and the canopy is continued to be enriched, so that the height of the tree is about 160 cm, the upper crown is about 150 cm, the lower crown is about 200 cm, the branches are evenly distributed, the light is good, and the stars are semicircular. For young trees that have not been shaped for many years, they should be caused by tree conditions, thin out dense branches, and gradually use new generations of old trees, and adult trees are mainly pruned to maintain the original tree type. Pruning is mainly based on fruit branch renewal, and the old branches and diseased branches, overcrowded branches and thorns are cut off at any time. Pay attention to cutting the top, cutting the bottom of the chamber, repairing the fence, leaving the old and leaving the new, going to the high to fill the empty, maintaining the original tree type, and ensuring high yield and stability. Pruning is mostly carried out in the spring, summer and autumn of each year. In the spring, after the budding of the plant, before the growth of new shoots, pruning the dead branches, cross branches and root budding branches; in the summer, in May and August, the plant growth period is carried out, pruning the useless long branches, overly dense branches, and delicate branches, and appropriately pruning the old fruit branches to facilitate the cultivation of new fruit branches; in autumn, the autumn is appropriate to cut short autumn fruit branches and prune the thorny branches. For the old fruit branches, it should depend on the number of new fruit branches, such as more new fruit branches, old fruit branches can be cut more.
5. Pest control of goji berry disease There is also anthrax (black fruit disease) [lom rella cingulata (stonem) Spauld et Sch.), gray spot disease (Cercosp ora Lycu El.et Halst.) and root rot (Fuarium sp.).
Anthrax is a serious disease and can harm young branches, leaves, buds, flowers, green fruits, etc. The victim green fruit first appears small black spots, and then the black spots expand into irregular round spots, which in turn turns the fruit black. When the climate is dry, the fruit shrinks; in wet weather, countless gelatinous dry red dots grow on the surface of the black fruit. i.e. conidia discs and conidia of pathogenic bacteria. The start period is from mid-May to early June, and the outbreak period is from July to August.
Gray spot disease is mainly harmful to the leaves, the spots on the leaves are round or nearly round, the center is grayish white, and the edges are brown; there are many light black molds on the back of the leaves. That is, the fruiting body of the pathogenic bacteria. Root rot is a root damage, the initial root is blackened, gradually decaying; later the outer skin falls off, leaving only the xylem, and finally leading to the whole plant withering and dying. Occurs in mid-to-late June, severe in July-August, disease prevention measures: implement quarantine, strictly prohibit the use of diseased seedlings; clean up the countryside after autumn, cut off diseased branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruits in time, reduce the source of overwintering bacteria; strengthen fertilizer management, improve the disease resistance of plants, and reduce the occurrence of diseases; 20 days before the onset of the disease, use 65% Daisen zinc 500 times liquid, spray every 7-10 days - times, 2 to 3 times in a row; before the rainy season, spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux liquid, once every 7-10 days, 3-4 times continuously.
Insect pests include negative mud worms (Lema d ecemp unclata Scopoli), real flies [CN eceratitia asiatica (Becker)) and aphids. Negative mud worms are also known as goldenrod worms and meat and egg worms. Larvae and adults are used as pests of leaves. Five generations occur in a year, and can be damaged from April to September, and the affected leaves are missing or perforated. Fruit flies are also known as fruit maggots, which harm the fruit. Adults lay eggs in the peel, and after hatching, the larvae grow in the fruit. Occurs 2-4 generations per year, and the surface of the affected fruit appears white spots or fruit deformities.
Control methods: avoid intercropping with solanaceous crops; pick the insect fruit at any time, and concentrate on burying i7-8 months with 40% Leguo emulsion 1500 times liquid or 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times liquid spray, every 7 to 10 days - times, 3 times continuously.