When it comes to cancer vaccines, the first thing that probably comes to mind is the HPV vaccine, which is the first vaccine to prevent cancer. Although the HPV vaccine is given the name "cervical cancer vaccine", in fact it does not directly target the cancer cells themselves, but against the high-risk HPV virus that causes cervical cancer. Strictly speaking, the HPV vaccine is a vaccine to prevent cancer, not a therapeutic vaccine.
So, is there a therapeutic vaccine to treat cancer? Yes! The DC vaccine is already on the market!
Many people know white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, know lymphocytes, and few people know DC cells. DC cells (DENDRITIC cells, DC) called dendritic cells, is an important type of immune cells in the human body, is the most powerful known antigen-presenting cells, it can efficiently extract, process, process and present antigens to T, B lymphocytes, activate the body's specific immunity.
Studies have found that patients with a high number of DC infiltrates in solid tumors tend to have a better prognosis. This is not the anti-tumor effect of DC itself, but because it activates the main cleaner of tumor cells , T lymphocytes. DC vaccine is the use of DC to present antigens, activate immunity function, in vitro induction can specifically identify tumor DC cells, back into the tumor patient, thereby activating the T cell immune response to the tumor, which is the DC tumor vaccine.
The DC anti-cancer vaccine has been approved
1. Provenge vaccine
. Provenge is the first FDA-approved dendritic cell vaccine for the treatment of prostate cancer. The study data showed that Provenge combined with chemotherapy drugs reduced the risk of death in patients with advanced prostate cancer by 45% and the overall survival (OS) was extended by 14.5 months.
2. Illishadine
In May 2020, illesadine was awarded the title of Advanced Therapy for Regenerative Medicine by the FDA for patients with kidney cell carcinoma. In December 2020, elixadine was granted a fast-track designation by the FDA for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
On January 26, 2021, the FDA awarded irishadine orphan drug as a new treatment option for patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
In addition to the DC vaccine, there is also a GP2 vaccine data that also brings us a huge surprise.
At the 2020 breast cancer annual event - San Antonio Breast Cancer Conference, the latest clinical trial results of the GP2 vaccine were announced, which can be said to have really shocked everyone.
The clinical trial, led by MD Anderson Cancer Center, enrolled a total of 168 patients, of whom 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive the combination of GP2 vaccine + GM-CSF. In the follow-up observation after this, the results of the 5-year median follow-up of patients receiving combination therapy showed that the 5-year disease-free survival rate of patients was as high as 100%!
Strictly speaking, cancer vaccines are a form of tumor immunotherapy that prevents cancer from developing or killing existing tumor cells by stimulating or restoring the body's own immune system. Scientists' research on cancer vaccines has never stopped, and in the future, personalized tumor vaccines may become a trend.
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