1. Whiteflies
Whitefly pests can be pests in the shed all year round, adults like windless warm weather, yellowing, temperature below 12 °C to stop developing, 14.5 °C began to lay eggs, the optimal temperature of 2 l °C -30 °C, with the increase in temperature to increase the amount of eggs, above 40 °C adult death. When the relative humidity is below 60%, the adult worm stops laying eggs or dies. The impact on crops is mainly manifested in three aspects: one is direct feeding, by sucking up nutrients through the sap of crops, destroying plant tissue structure; the other is indirect pest, whitefly pests will secrete honeydew when they are active, breeding other fungi, forming a layer of coal pollution on the surface of the leaves, affecting plant photosynthesis; the third is to spread the virus, whiteflies in feeding while also carrying the virus to spread, in recent years, the serious tomato TY virus is transmitted by whitefly.
2. Aphids
The aphids that harm vegetables are mainly peach aphids, radish aphids and kale aphids, collectively known as vegetable aphids, which are warm and dry pests, and generally occur more seriously in summer vegetables, and are rare in winter sheds. The temperature is 20 °C-28 °C and the humidity is below 80%, which is conducive to the occurrence and harm of vegetable aphids; the temperature exceeds 30 °C and the relative humidity exceeds 80%, which not only affects the life and breeding speed of vegetable aphids, but also greatly increases the probability of fungal parasitic aphids and affects their survival. Therefore, for yuexia vegetables, the key is to seize the temperature and humidity at the seedling stage to suit the critical period of aphid propagation, reduce the insect population base, and reduce the aphid infestation.
3. Mites
Red spiders, white spiders, and yellow spiders are all mites, which are generally more harmful to crops such as eggplant and pepper. Adult and young mites absorb leaf juice, causing the leaves to yellow, wither and fall off, affecting the photosynthesis of the plant, and the whole plant dies when it is serious; when the fruit is damaged, the peel becomes rough, easy to split the fruit, such as eggplant peel cracks, the seed is exposed, and the tea mite should be considered as a pest first. When mites are infested with upper young leaves, the symptoms are similar to viral diseases, which need to be carefully distinguished, the leaf margins of tea yellow mites are curled downwards, the leaves are thick and small, and the back of the leaves has a gray-brown oily luster along both sides of the main leaf vein, and the virus disease generally has upward curls and narrow leaves. Mites are more infested in open ground from June to August, and can occur almost all year round under shed conditions, especially in spring and autumn. High temperature and low humidity are beneficial to their reproduction, and high humidity is not conducive to their occurrence.
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4. Thrips
Thrips are more common in the production of eggplant, pepper and melon vegetables, and once they occur, it is difficult to eliminate clean, which is a pest that vegetable farmers are more headaches. Thrips peak in autumn or winter in November-December, with March-May being the second peak. Female adults mainly reproduce parthenogenetically, occasionally of both sexes, and it is extremely difficult to see males. Thrips prefer warm, arid weather, its temperature is 23 ° C -28 ° C, suitable air humidity of 40% -70%; too high humidity can not survive, humidity reaches 100%, temperature of 31 ° C, all nymphs die. After the thrips harm the upper young leaves, the leaves become thin and curled and deformed, and the leaf flesh has gray-white faded green spots; when the top buds are affected, they are prone to symptoms such as shrinking growth points; when young fruits such as peppers are affected, they are prone to "scard fruits" in the later stage, and different shapes of wood-embolized gray-white spots appear on the surface of the peel, the reason is that after the young fruits are bitten by the thrips, the peel cells lose water and shrink, leaving small scars on the fruit surface, and as the fruit expands later, the scars are elongated or expanded.
There are many ways to control pests
1. Clean up the shed and reduce the base number of insect populations.
Agricultural control measures for small pests are very important, and the shed should be treated intensively and thoroughly during each stubble change period. Weeds, dead branches and leaves are all beneficial hiding places for pests, and weeds in the shed should be eradicated in time, dead branches and rotten leaves should be removed, and the source of infection should be cut off. In addition, there are no vegetables in the vegetable stubble period, which is a favorable time for pests to kill eggs, and the shed (soil, columns, crack corners, etc.) can be disinfected during the stubble break period. In the summer stubble period, the high temperature can be used to kill the poles, surface pests and eggs; the winter stubble period is short, or even only one or two days, and the vegetable farmers can use fumigation sheds such as tobacco agents, which is very beneficial to reducing the base number of insect mouths.
2. Set up an anti-insect net at the vent early.
In order to adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed, to avoid the accumulation of harmful gases, the shed wind is indispensable, especially in the spring, summer, autumn temperature is higher season, the air outlet is very large, and at this time is the peak period of pest spread and spread, in order to prevent pests from entering the greenhouse, it is recommended that vegetable farmers set up insect-proof nets at the vent as soon as possible. The mesh of the insect net should depend on the specific situation, too dense is not conducive to ventilation and cooling, too sparse, small insects are easy to enter, can not play a role in insect prevention. Under normal circumstances, it is advisable to take the white insect net for 40-60 purposes, it must be set tightly, leaving no gaps, and during the period, it is also necessary to remove the net as little as possible to avoid adult insects from flying in, and timely check the damage of the shed film, repair it in time, and do not give pests the opportunity to take advantage of it.
3, the use of armyworm board is exquisite
Speaking of physical pest control, we most commonly use the set of sticky insect board, but the sticky insect board is not set casually, Shandong Province vegetable farmer Master Wang told the editor, there are a lot of exquisite here. First of all, the suspension height of the armyworm board. It should be about 20 cm above the top of the vegetable crop and adjust with the height of the vegetable. It can be fixed with a bamboo pole or suspended directly from the sling.
Secondly, the color of the sticky worm board is selected. According to the occurrence of vegetable insect pests in the shed, choose a suitable colored insect board. In the shed where aphids and whiteflies occur more, it is advisable to hang a yellow board; while the shed where thrips and mites occur heavily should hang a blue board. The shed where these pests occur at the same time is recommended to be used with yellow plates and blue plates.
Again, determine the number of good color palettes to use. In the greenhouse, about 30 armyworm boards of 25 × 13.5 cm in size are generally placed per acre, or about 20 armyworm boards of 40 × 25 cm in size, and evenly distributed. In addition, it should be noted that "spring is heavier than the occurrence of insect pests in winter, vegetable farmers can only tear off the cover paper with one or half of the side of the sticky worm board in winter to trap and kill insects, and then tear off all the cover paper when the insect pest occurs in the spring; pay attention to the sticky worm board after the sticky pest board is full of pests, it should be replaced in time; usually when spraying and spraying fertilizer, try to avoid the color plate, so as not to affect its life."
4. Skillfully control the temperature to kill insects
From the above we understand the habits of these types of pests, these pests have a suitable temperature range for survival and reproduction, if the shed temperature is adjusted outside this range, then it can effectively inhibit pests. Even adjusting the temperature to a temperature where the pest cannot survive and maintaining it for 2-3 hours can effectively kill the insects.
Master Wang of Shouguang Vegetable Farmer in Shandong Province used this method in the prevention and control of whitefly: the optimal temperature for the survival of whitefly is 21-30 ° C, and the reproduction in this temperature range accelerates with the increase of temperature, but more than 30 ° C, the egg and larval mortality rate of whitefly is high, the adult life expectancy is shortened, the spawning is small, and even no reproduction. Moreover, when the whitefly is above 30 ° C, its respiratory rate will increase significantly, and it is easy to inhale more pesticides, which can greatly enhance the efficacy of pesticides. When it reaches 40 °C, adult whitefly will die directly, so the method of controlling downy mildew in high temperature sheds is equally effective in controlling whitefly.
5. Spraying water can also control pests
From the habits of these four types of pests, they are easy to survive in low humidity environments, and some pests have limited reproduction or even unable to survive when the humidity is too high, so spraying water in the shed can also control pests. For example, when the aphid is serious, a sprayer or mist machine can be used to spray a large amount of water, which has a good scouring and elimination effect on aphids. However, this method, Xiaobian suggests that it can be used in summer and autumn, but it is best not to use it in winter. Because the humidity in the shed itself is relatively large in winter, the pests that can survive have a larger impact on the suitable humidity, and even spraying clean water will not play a role, and it will also lead to a high incidence of disease.
6. Scientific selection and rational use of pharmaceutical agents
With regard to the chemical control of pests, it can be divided into two methods: fumigation of aerosols and spraying of pesticides. Regarding the fumigation of aerosols, Master Shouguang Ma of Shandong Province believes that it is an indispensable means of insect control in winter sheds, generally using isopropylvir aerosols, which is convenient to use and has no dead ends for insecticide. When using aerosols, the dosage, temperature, wind direction and closing time should all be taken seriously, and will not be described in detail here.
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In recent years, many vegetable farmers have reported that the effect of spraying agents to kill pests is very bad, and the reasons for exploring them are that in addition to the resistance of pests to the agent, there are two reasons why the use time, the method is not right, and the choice of the agent is unreasonable. First of all, different pests spray, the time chosen, and the spraying method are different. There is nothing exquisite about whitefly and aphids, as long as you are careful when spraying, pay attention to the rear wall of the column in the shed and the steel wire to ensure that there is a liquid spray. However, thrips and mites are exquisite in the use of medicine, in addition to the above two points, but also to do the following points. The thrips are out of the day and night, so the spray time should be selected in the afternoon, and the thrips come out to eat after spraying, so that the effect is much better. Moreover, thrips spawn in the mesophyll tissue, if you choose a touch killer, it is difficult to kill its eggs, the symptoms are not cured.
Mites are mostly distributed on the back of the leaf, if in accordance with the normal spraying method, the liquid is mostly concentrated on the front of the leaf, it is difficult to contact the mites on the back of the leaf, the insecticidal effect is poor, so when spraying the mite-killing agent, the sprayer nozzle should be sprayed obliquely up to 45 °. In fact, about the problem of spraying methods, the mist machine on the market can now be solved, not only saving labor and time, but also spraying comprehensively, but when using it, we must understand whether the agent is resistant to high temperature.
Thrips control agent: use Akte + Jiamei Dividend 1000 times liquid to irrigate the roots, and at the same time use bifenthrin, acetamidine, piyadone, ailus, thiamethoxine + jiamei gold point and other alternating sprays.
Mite control agent: spironite ester 1500 times + silicone additives, or quinother ether + arvine mite + silicone additives and other alternating spray control.
Whitefly control agents: use Aktai + Jiamei Dividend 1000 times liquid to drizzle the roots, and at the same time use pyridoxine + furazine + carmine point; or bifenthrin + silicone additives and other alternating spray control.
This article was written by cathay pacific's technical team
bibliography:
"Understand the habits of pests scientific control of the road more! 360 personal libraries
"Thrips, mites, whiteflies are harmful, and the control know-how is here!" "Northern Vegetable Newspaper Planting Treasure Book