In 1958, chairman Mao, in his criticism of the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, talked about the characteristics of the peasant movement in ancient China.
He said, "From Tiangong General Zhang Jiao to Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan." The Song Dynasty's LiNi Sect, Yang Mo and Zhong Xiang, the Ming Sect at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Xu Hongru, Tang Sai'er, and Li Baicheng of the Ming Dynasty, and the White Lotus Sect, taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Boxer Rebellion of the Qing Dynasty are the most famous. ”
Taiping heavenly kingdom
Most of these peasant movements mentioned by Chairman Mao were of considerable scale and duration. The peasant uprising led by Tang Sai'er had the smallest scope of activities and lasted only a few dozen days. But Chairman Mao still ranked her alongside other leaders of the peasant movement.
So who is Tang Sai'er?
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In 1399, Tang Sai'er was born in Putai, Shandong (present-day Binzhou, Shandong), and since childhood, he has been reading a lot of books, practicing martial arts, and has an outstanding appearance. As an adult, he married lin san, a local farmer.
Heaven is not beautiful, and natural and man-made disasters befall this unfortunate woman at the same time.
In 1398, a year before Don Sai'er was born, her hometown was mired in a series of natural disasters. The flood flooded on a large scale, and the history recorded that "10,000 acres of land were destroyed, and 200,000 displaced people were displaced."
The flood had not subsided, and another earthquake broke out. Dengzhou, Penglai, Weihai Sanwei, ten years of military tun dynasty lost.
flood
Since the protective measures in ancient times were not perfect, there must be a great plague after the catastrophe. Who knows, only two months later, luzhong and lunan areas fell goose feather heavy snow, the history of "a night of sudden cold".
But the natural disasters were not over, in 1399, the rain in Shandong Province did not fall, the newly planted crops were all sunburned, and the grain stored by officials in various places was exhausted.
The natural disaster had just ended, followed by man-made disasters - Zhu Di rebelled and began the three-year Battle of Jingnan.
The Battle of Jing
After Zhu Di ascended to the throne, Xia Yuanji took the initiative to favor Shandong, sent a large amount of relief, and allocated the land that the king of the clan had cut to the peasants for farming, exempted from taxes for three years, and the people's lives were stable for a few years.
In 1410, when the people's strength had not yet been restored, Zhu Di began to plan a northern expedition to Mongolia, requisitioning 100,000 people from Shandong to send heavy weight. In the following years, a large number of Shandong farmers left their hometowns and went to northern Xinjiang.
In 1411, Shangshu Songli of the Ministry of Works presided over the reopening of the canal, mainly for the Huitong River from Dongping to Linqing in Shandong, and also to requisition labor, and only one place in Shandong requisitioned 100,000 migrant workers.
Successive years of natural and man-made disasters have caused countless peasant families in Shandong to be destroyed and displaced. After several years of resignation, a great storm of resistance is brewing.
Will pass the river
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After Tang Sai'er married Lin San, due to heavy servitude, Lin San became ill within a few years and died of illness.
According to legend, Tang Sai'er accidentally got a stone box on the way back from the tomb sweep, opened it, and it contained a sword and a soldier's book, so he studied day and night, practiced diligently, and finally mastered the art of war and martial arts. Later joined the White Lotus Sect.
She then planned an uprising and recruited believers. He advertised himself as the reincarnation of the "Mother Buddha" of the White Lotus Sect, claiming that he had the immortal method of "paper-cutting humanized heavenly soldiers", as well as the "Heavenly Book" and "Excalibur" blessings given by heaven.
As a result, the poor and disaster-stricken people in the vicinity rushed to believe in it, and more than 500 people participated on the spot.
White Lotus Sect
In 1420, Tang Sai'er led thousands of members of the White Lotus Sect to revolt in the southwest of Qingzhou, and in March completely annihilated The officials of Gao Feng commanded by Qingzhou Wei, and the White Lotus Sect in the surrounding counties responded one after another.
In a few days, the rebel army grew to tens of thousands of people, and everywhere they went, "burned officials and warehouses", and the surrounding officials and landlords fled.
Don Sail
At that time, Zhu Di was planning to conquer the Mongol Tatars, and when the defeat of the Shandong army came, Zhu Di heard the thunderbolts on a sunny day, and scolded Tang Sai'er several times in the court hall as a "demon woman". Sent emissaries to Shandong to "recruit" Tang Sai'er, and in the face of the abduction, Tang Sai'er categorically refused.
Zhu Di sent Liu Sheng to lead an army to suppress it, and even transferred 2,000 elites from the ace divine machine battalion. In April, Liu Sheng arrived at Qingzhou City, where the army was huge and placed a prison cart in front of the camp.
Faced with such a posture, Tang Sai'er first pretended to surrender, and Liu Sheng, who had relaxed his vigilance, was robbed of the camp by Tang Sai'er, and liu Zhong was killed. Tang Sai'er took the opportunity to rush out of the siege and led his troops out of Qingzhou.
Don Sair fights
The counterinsurgency lasted for three months without any progress, and Zhu Di was no longer patient. Therefore, he transferred shandong capital to command Wei Qing to lead the coastal cavalry to attack, captured the main force of Tang Sai'er's army on the outskirts of Anqiu City, and rushed to crush Tang Sai'er with a charge.
Tang Sai'er's army was beheaded by more than 8,000 people and taken prisoner of more than 4,000 people.
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Although the uprising was countered, Tang Sai'er was not caught. In the face of this "demon woman" who had made him angry several times, Zhu Di was so angry that his teeth itched, and he wanted to see people alive and corpses when he died.
However, in the midst of the rebellion, Tang Sai'er's body was not found. It was rumored that Tang Sai'er might become a nun, and in 1422 and 1423, Zhu Di twice ordered that a total of 10,000 nuns and Daoist nuns from all over the country be arrested in the capital and screened one by one, during which countless unjust prisons were brewed, but in the end nothing was found.
nun
Although Tang Sai'er's uprising failed, their purpose was achieved. They had to revolt because of heavy servitude and years of disasters.
After the counter-rebellion, Zhu Di also realized what was wrong and ordered relief to the disaster areas, reduce taxes, and provide relief to the people. Since then, the Yongle Dynasty has never been again, and there has been a large-scale popular rebellion.
Probably, and that's why. Tang Sai'er knew that there was no need for an uprising, so he never appeared again. However, she will always exist in people's hearts.
Statue of Don Sair
In 1424, Zhu Di, who had returned from the Northern Expedition, still asked "Is Shandong's head caught in the net?".
In addition to Tang Sai'er, another person who has always been concerned about the whereabouts of Zhu Di is Emperor Jianwen. A few days later, with the regret of not finding an answer for the rest of his life, Zhu Di passed away.