Editor's Note:
Yipin Street has a long history and is full of people. Here are majestic green mountains, endless, a clear stream, clear and transparent. Legend has it that during the Qing Dynasty, an inspector passed by this place, felt that the mountains and rivers were beautiful, the scenery was charming, and gave the name of "Yipinchang", and since then this land has produced more talents, and yipin officials, yipin officials, yipin heroes, and yipin sages will be famous for the name of "Yipin". Today, let's listen to the story of Yipin.
■ Hu Plain
Chongqing University, a key university in China, was founded in 1929, and one of its founders, Shen Maode, was a Pin person. Shen Maode bowed down to the end, died for the education of the motherland, and was called "a character of Yipin" by posterity, and his patriotic and dedicated story was also passed down as a good story and became a beautiful talk.
A young man who strives to be strong in foreign countries has achieved remarkable results in studying
Shen Maode was born in 1894 to a merchant family in Leyao Village, Yipinchang. Shen Maode has been gifted and intelligent since he was a child, and his IQ is outstanding. When he was a teenager, he was admitted to the Chongqing Fu Middle School, and it was precisely because he was taught by the revolutionaries Yang Shukan, Zhang Peijue, and Xiang Chuzhu in the school that Shen Maode made progress in thought, advocated innovation, and joined the League led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Because of Shen Maode's diligence and studiousness, he was successively admitted to the Tokyo Higher Technical School and the Department of Physics of Tokyo Imperial University in Japan, where he specialized in physics and astronomical sciences, and finally obtained a doctorate with excellent results.
On the road of science, he galloped like a horse. He made brilliant achievements in astronomical sciences, invented the celestial instrument, and drew a map of the movement of stars. Although he has gained a reputation in the international physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology and other academic circles, there are many countries that have hired him to teach at high salaries, but he has refused to worry about the education of the motherland.
Refused high salaries from abroad and returned to China to establish Chongqing University
In 1923, Shen Maode, who was proficient in the three Chinese of Japanese, English and German, resolutely returned to Hubei Wuchang Higher Normal School to teach after repeatedly rejecting the high-paying offers of Tokyo Imperial University in Japan, as a professor of physics and provost of the school.
In 1927, the Sichuan warlords created the "March 31" massacre that shocked China and foreign countries, slaughtered communists and a large number of progressive students and the masses, killed and injured more than a thousand students and the masses, and Yang Mingong, secretary of the Chongqing local executive committee of the CPC, and Ran Jun, member of the organization committee, died heroically. At this time, Sichuan was shrouded in a white terror. In the same year, the undergraduate degree of National Chengdu University was initially completed, and Shen Maode was hired as the dean of science (that is, the dean of science) and the head of the department of physics.
The tragic reality made Shen Maode, Lü Zifang, Wu Fangji, Peng Yongyi, and other professors from Eastern Sichuan, who were teaching at Chengdu University at that time, indignant. When Shen Maode and several people with lofty ideals from the same village talked freely about the current situation, they felt bitterly that China was poor, the warlord system was corrupt, talent was wantonly destroyed, and the good and decent ancient civilization was ignorant and backward. In addition to his feelings, Shen Maode and his fellow villagers believe that opening a university is a top priority in Chongqing.
Shen Maode and others first proposed to Chengdu University to set up a Chengdu University branch in Chongqing, but the university was worried about dispersing the teaching power of Chengdu University and did not agree. As a result, running independent schools has become the historical mission of Shen Maode and others. At that time, Li Gongdu, Zhu Shuyi, Wen Shaohe, Li Kui'an, and Wang Yunsong were well-known figures in the academic and business circles in Chongqing, and they were highly respected. Shen Maode and others took the geographical location of Chongqing as the starting point and discussed the necessity, importance and practical possibilities of establishing Chongqing University to the "Five Elders of Chongqing". After listening, the "Five Elders of Chongqing" vigorously supported and helped each other. In July 1929, the Chongqing University Promotion Association was established in Chongqing, which was a gratifying first step for the establishment of Chongqing University.
In order to gain support from all walks of life, Shen Maodeqiao used his connections to set his sights on Liu Xiang, a well-known "big man" in Sichuan. At that time, Liu Xiang was the commander of the 21st Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the governor of Sichuan Province, and his political power, economic strength, and social status were all in a very important position. Liu Xiang and the Shen family were originally family friends, and the Shen family's many marriages were accompanied by Liu Xiang's marriage witness, and Shen Maode actively explained to Liu Xiang the historical significance of the establishment of Chongqing University by virtue of this special relationship. Under the efforts of Shen Maode, Liu Xiang was persuaded and immediately ordered instructions: "It is our duty to prepare Chongqing University as soon as possible, and ask our colleagues to assist it in its success." On October 12, 1929, the Preparatory Department of Arts and Sciences was opened, which also marked the official opening of Chongqing University in Yangjia Garden, Caiyuanba, with Liu Xiang as the first president of Chongqing University and Shen Maode as the first provost of Chongqing University.
At the beginning of 1930, chongqing university's work was on the right track, and it was urgent to determine a permanent campus. Shen Maode waded through the mountains and finally found a treasure land in Shapingba that "the head is floating in the tu, facing Jialing, facing the mountains and waters, and the scenery is picturesque". It is said that this treasure land is the ancient battlefield of the Great Gold Breaking Soldiers of Wu Jiu in the Song Dynasty in history. Shen Maode immediately also designed and built the Building of the School of Science of Chongqing University, which is known as the "First Teaching Building" of Chongqing University. In 1939, the Fourth Congress of the First Session of the National Committee for Political Participation was held here, and celebrities such as Deng Yingchao, Guo Moruo, Huang Yanpei, Zou Taofen, Ma Yinchu, Yu Youren, Wang Yunsheng, Tao Xingzhi, Wallace and other celebrities all spoke here.
Due to heavy academic work, Shen Maode, who was only 37 years old, became ill and died on the job in 1932. In order to commemorate the merits of Mr. Shen Maode in founding Chongqing University, Chongqing University named the new ring road Maode Road as a permanent memorial.
(This article was revised and approved by Zeng Youhua, Party History Research Office of the Banan District Committee of chongqing Municipality)