Source: People's Daily - People's Daily
Photo (1): Students of Zhaojin North Liang Red Army Primary School walk into the Zhaojin Memorial Hall in the revolutionary base area of Shaanxi and Gansu.
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Figure (2): Zhaojin Xuejiazhai.
Stone copper steel photo (people's vision)
Photo (3): Zhaojin Memorial Hall in the Revolutionary Base Area of Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu-Bian.
Photo by Xi Yajun (People's Vision)
The Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian revolutionary base area, centered on Zhaojin, has written a glorious page in the history of the Chinese revolution. It is necessary to strengthen the study of the history of the revolutionary base areas, sum up historical experience, and better carry forward the revolutionary spirit and fine work style.
——Excerpted from General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech during his inspection in Shaanxi on February 14, 2015
In the late autumn, walking into the Yaozhou District of Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, and walking through the Chuanliang Ditch in Zhaojin Town, the old revolutionary area, the thick red atmosphere came to the face.
Zhaojin is a land of heroes.
In the early 1930s, under extremely difficult and difficult circumstances, Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Xi Zhongxun and other revolutionaries of the older generation bravely carried out revolutionary activities here, formed the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, established the Shaanxi-Gansu-Border Special Committee and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu-Border Revolutionary Committee, and created the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu-Border Revolutionary Base Area centered on Zhaojin. With the heroic spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice and stubbornly struggling, the courage of independence, self-determination, pioneering and enterprising innovation, and the work style of proceeding from reality and maintaining close ties with the masses, the revolutionary ancestors carried out the arduous practice of revolutionary struggle, which gave birth to the great spirit of Zhaojin.
On February 14, 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his inspection of Zhaojin Town that the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian Revolutionary Base Area centered on Zhaojin has written a glorious page in the history of the Chinese revolution. It is necessary to strengthen the study of the history of the revolutionary base areas, sum up historical experience, and better carry forward the revolutionary spirit and fine work style.
Not afraid of sacrifice, tenacious struggle
In the middle of Zhaojin Square, a group of statues stands - Comrade Liu Zhidan in the middle, Comrade Xie Zichang wearing an overcoat on both sides, and Comrade Xi Zhongxun wearing a military hat. Behind the statue is the Zhaojin Memorial Hall of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian Revolutionary Base.
"One cultural relic, one historical material after another, is a period of turbulent years." Song Jianbin, deputy director of the Zhaojin Memorial Hall, dialed the historical guideline back to the 1930s.
On the night of 20 Yen supper on February 1932, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army led by Comrade Liu Zhidan and Comrade Xie Zichang took advantage of the social fire in the streets of Zhaojin to raid the local reactionary vigilante groups and ignite the beacon of the Zhaojin Revolution.
Why Choose Illuminated? First, Zhaojin is located at the southern end of the Qiaoshan Mountain Range, where the mountains are high and densely forested, the terrain is dangerous, and it is advisable to enter and retreat, and it is a relatively ideal area to carry out the armed division of workers and peasants. Second, the local people are in distress and their revolutionary enthusiasm is high. At that time, the vast majority of the land in the Zhaojin area was occupied by several large landowners and Xiangshan monasteries, and more than 60% of the landless peasants. "Local tycoons and inferior gentry, big buckets collect grain, small buckets produce grain." Song Jianbin pointed to the two grain buckets displayed in the memorial hall, adding to the heavy taxes and miscellaneous taxes, the continuous famine and famine, and the people were miserable.
The arrival of the Red Army made the local people rejoice. In December of that year, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas were officially reorganized into the Second Regiment of the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, becoming the earliest regular Red Army established by the Communist Party of China in the northwest region during the agrarian revolutionary war.
The first battle Jiaojiaping, Xiangshan Temple grain distribution, Battle Temple Bay Town... The Red Army turned to fight in various places in Zhaojin, and everywhere it went, the enemy was frightened and frightened, and the people clapped their hands and applauded.
In March 1933, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region of the Communist Party of China was established in Tuerliang, Zhaojin Town, Yao County (present-day Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City). In April, the Revolutionary Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was established. The agrarian revolutionary struggle was vigorously unfolded, and the Base Area of Zhaojin continued to grow and develop.
"The creation of the base area was extremely difficult, and in the rain of bullets and bullets, the officers and men of the Red Army sacrificed their lives and forgot their deaths, and their former servants followed them, showing their heroic spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice and stubbornly fighting." Song Jianbin said with emotion.
In the spring of 1933, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Border Revolutionary Committee, and the General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Border Guerrillas were relocated to Zhaojin Xuejiazhai. In September, taking advantage of the red army's main external line of battle, the enemy launched an attack from Xuejiazhai Houliang. At this time, only one political defense team remained in the village.
The situation is critical. Under the command of Comrade Xi Zhongxun, the cadres and workers resolutely took up arms, and all the members of the women's guerrilla group bravely threw themselves into battle to block the enemy under the dangerous wall. Subsequently, the main force of the guerrillas rushed back to reinforcements, xuejiazhai was lined with guns and bullets, and from dawn to afternoon, the enemy finally fled.
"In battles, there are good rewards and losses, but the officers and men of the Red Army have always been like in the defense of Xuejiazhai, not afraid of sacrifice and tenacious struggle." Song Jianbin said.
The flames and smoke, the original heart is like a rock. In the revolutionary struggle, many Communists sacrificed their lives and gave their precious lives. In order to defend Xuejiazhai, Li Miaozhai, commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi-Gansu border guerrillas, died heroically. "This head is at your disposal, and this flesh is at your disposal..." After being arrested, Wang Taiji, commander of the Forty-second Division of the Red Twenty-sixth Army, allowed the enemy to coerce and induce him to adhere to the integrity of the Communists, and the "fatal words" written before his execution showed the fearless spirit of iron bones and regarded death as a homecoming.
Independent and enterprising
After the defeat of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communists profoundly realized from the lessons of blood that it was extremely important to master the "barrel of a gun." In the years before the flames of the Zhaojin Revolution were ignited, the Communists held more than 70 mutinies and uprisings in the Shaanxi-Gansu region, but all of them failed.
"The most fundamental reason is that the military movement has not been integrated with the peasant movement and has not established a revolutionary base area." The Communists gradually realized that it was necessary to build up revolutionary armies, to carry out guerrilla activities in the remote mountainous areas where the Kuomintang ruling forces were weak, and to gradually establish base areas.
"This is a kind of independent, pioneering and enterprising courage of innovation." Song Jianbo, executive vice president of the Party School of the Yaozhou District CPC Committee in Tongchuan City, said: Communists represented by Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, and Xi Zhongxun have actively explored practice in close connection with the reality of the revolutionary struggle in the northwest, repeatedly summed up experience, eliminated the interference of the erroneous line of the "Left," and carried out the revolutionary struggle independently and autonomously.
Walking into the former site of the Chen Jiapo Conference in Beiliang Village, Zhaojin Town, two stone slate rooms come into view. On August 14, 1933, the leaders of the party, government, and army in Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu sat around a stone bench under an old tree in the courtyard and held a meeting of Chen Jiapo.
Before the meeting, under the influence of the erroneous line of the "Left," the revolutionary struggle in Shaanxi,Gansu, and Gansu suffered successive serious setbacks. "At that time, the base area was at a critical juncture of life and death." Song Jianbo said, "Xi Zhongxun, Qin Wushan, and other leaders insist on proceeding from reality and independently exploring and formulating strategic guidelines that conform to reality. After intense discussions, the meeting unified the leadership of several revolutionary armed forces gathered in the Zhaojinsu District, formulated the strategic principles of concerted action by all forces, extensive guerrilla warfare, and in-depth mass work, and pointed out the direction for the revolution.
In October 1933, the Kuomintang reactionaries attacked Xuejiazhai with heavy troops, and the soldiers and civilians in the base area fought bloodily, but finally because they were outnumbered, the Zhaojin base area fell. From November 3 to 5, 1933, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region and the Provisional General Headquarters of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region held a meeting of Baojiazhai and decided to establish a three-way guerrilla zone supported by Northern Shaanxi Anding, Longdongnanliang, and Guanzhong Zhaojin, with Southern Liang as the center to create a shaanxi-Gansu-Bian revolutionary base area. By January 1934, the Xinsu District of Shaanxi-Gansu Border, centered on Nanliang, with a length of more than 70 kilometers, was opened.
In 1934, the Red Army re-attacked Zhaojin and comprehensively restored and consolidated the ZhaojinSu District. In February 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian Revolutionary Base Area and the Northern Shaanxi Revolutionary Base Area were unified into the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base Area (also known as the Northwest Revolutionary Base Area), which provided a foothold for the CPC Central Committee and the Long March of the Red Army, and provided a starting point for the main force of the Eighth Route Army to rush to the anti-Japanese front.
Proceed from reality and maintain close ties with the masses
Looking at the old revolutionary site of Xuejiazhai in the distance, the village is towering, surrounded by steepness, and the walls are thousands of people. Climbing all the way down the cottage trail, 4 natural caves come into view, and the fortifications inside are still faintly recognizable. There used to be a Red Army hospital, a clothing factory, a repair station, a logistics warehouse, etc., which could accommodate thousands of people, and was easy to defend and difficult to attack.
The reason why Xuejiazhai is easy to defend and difficult to attack is that the mountains and roads are dangerous, the terrain is dangerous, and it is even more that the military and the people are united and the fish and water are deep.
Xuejiazhai is a stone mountain, and it used to hit the wall and needed loess. "My father told me that the people carried them from the bottom of the mountain on their shoulders and carried them on their backs for more than half a year." Tian Fayi, a villager in Taro Garden Village, Zhaojin Town, is the son of Tian Defa, an old Red Army soldier. At that time, his father participated in the construction of fortifications, "men repairing fortifications, transporting food for soldiers, women sewing clothes and caring for the wounded." Without the common people, there would be no Red Army village!"
"There was a revolution at that time, and he was still a young baby of seventeen or eighteen." Speaking of his father, Tian Fayi was very proud, "Later, the old man often told us that only by following the Communist Party could the people live a good life." ”
"During the Period of the Jinsu Region, the revolutionaries of the older generation attached great importance to practicing the mass line, and the fine work style of the Red Army infected the broad masses." Song Jianbo said: "In the base areas, the military and the people have a deep water situation, which vividly embodies the work style of the communists who proceed from reality and maintain close ties with the masses. ”
In the spring and summer of 1933, a farmers' market was built at the mouth of the pavilion ditch under Xuejiazhai Mountain. "Recruit hundreds of merchants without paying taxes, no checkpoints and no inventory", the market opens every day, radish, eggs, tofu, millet... There are many varieties of goods. The Red Army scrupulously adhered to the principle of "buying and selling publicly, and the masses buying first," and only went to the market when the stalls were about to be closed to purchase the remaining grain and vegetables.
"The Red Army was very disciplined, went to the homes of ordinary people to buy grain, and never ate it for nothing." Tian Fayi often listened to his father that the Red Army often went down the mountain, plowed the land, harvested wheat, and helped the people when the farmers were busy.
"Practice the purpose of the people and win the support of the masses." Song Jianbo said, "Relying on the firm support of the common people, the base areas have been developed and consolidated. ”
"The Red Army has a good style, and the fellow villagers are very grateful." Tian Fayi said, "My mother cooked for the Red Army, mixed soba noodles and ate them, sewed clothes, and wore the soles of shoes. ”
Qi Zhihua, a villager in Tianyu Village, Zhaojin Town, said that after Li Miaozhai was sacrificed that year, his grandfather Qi Zhenhai took out a coffin prepared for the elderly in the family to be buried for the martyrs. After the fall of Xuejiazhai, the enemy dug up Li Miaozhai's grave, and the local people secretly went up the mountain after the enemy left to re-collect the remains of the martyrs.
"The process of creating and developing the Jinsu District is the vivid practice of the older generation of revolutionaries in practicing the mass line." Song Jianbo said: The great spirit of Zhaojin is a precious spiritual wealth left to us by our revolutionary ancestors, and we must constantly sum up historical experience and carry forward the spirit of Zhaojin.
This edition is coordinated by Shi Juan
Layout design: Zhang Danfeng
People's Daily (06/10/2021)