Summer is here! As the temperature continues to rise day by day, various insect pests gradually become active, how have your flowers been raised recently? In fact, from March to April, the temperature began to warm up, and various diseases and insects have begun to appear, and the main thing we can do is to prevent the disease! If the prophets can't do it, then it's okay to plan ahead! Follow the editor to understand the common flower diseases and control methods!
Powdery mildew, a common disease of flowers
It mainly harms ornamental plants such as the moon season, large-leaved boxwood, purple weed, ten merits, and bamboo knotted indigo. Powdery mildew occurs in the leaves, young stems, flower stalks, buds, petals and other parts, and initially appears as yellow-green irregular spots with inconspicuous edges. Subsequently, the spots continued to expand, and white powder spots appeared on the surface, and finally countless black spots grew in the place. The infected area turns gray, covering its surface with contiguous patches, and the edges are not clear, appearing dirty white or off-white. When the damage is severe, the leaves shrink and shrink smaller, the young shoots are twisted and deformed, and the flower buds do not open.
Prevention and control methods: 1, during the wintering period, spray or coat the branches with a stone sulfur compound dilution of 3 to 5 degrees In Baume. Note that flowers that are susceptible to medicinal damage such as melon leaf chrysanthemum cannot be applied. Ground spray sulfur powder, generally every 70 square meters of use 25 grams to 30 grams, to eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria.
2. During the growth period, protective agents can be sprayed before the onset of the disease, and the internal inhalant should be sprayed after the onset of the disease, according to the symptoms of the disease, the growth and climate of flowers and trees and the characteristics of the pesticide, once at intervals of 5 to 20 days, and 2 to 5 times continuously. A season of flowers and trees, an endosorbent can only be applied 1 to 2 times. The type of pesticide should be changed frequently to avoid the development of drug resistance by pathogens.
3. When the disease is in full bloom, it can spray 15% powder rust 1000 times liquid, 2% antimycoxin water agent 200 times liquid, 10% polyantimycin 1000 to 1500 times liquid. Traditional medicine due to repeated use of bacteria to produce antibodies, the effect is sharply reduced, so it advocates alternating use. In addition, it is also possible to use liquor (35% alcohol content) 1000 times liquid, sprayed every 3 to 6 days, sprayed 3 to 6 times continuously, and rinsed the leaves until there is no white powder.
Anthrax, a common disease of flowers
It mainly harms camellia, junzi orchid, evergreen, orchid, tea plum, Yemeni iron, eight immortals, spider egg holding, ephemeral flowers, rubber trees, cyclamen and so on in the greenhouse. Mainly harmful to leaves, young shoots, fruits, spots nearly round, gray-brown, later spots turn gray-white, there are obvious concentric rings and rotational (or scattered) small black spots.
Prevention and control methods: the density of the whole pot of flowers and the planting plants and row spacing of the ground, improve the ventilation and ventilation conditions. Water properly when the potting soil is dry to increase the resistance of the plant. At the beginning of the disease, use 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 50% poly • sulfur suspension 800 times liquid, sprayed alternately, once every 10 days, 2-3 times continuously.
A common insect pest in flowers
Potted ornamental plants placed indoors, due to ventilation conditions, insufficient light, high humidity, etc., ticks are still the main pest species. Mesozoans harm leaves, branches and fruits. Mesophyllum is often male winged, able to fly, female and larvae once feathered, lifelong hermitage on the leaves or fruits, resulting in yellowing of leaves, branches wilting, tree decline, and easy to induce coal pollution. Such as the green sponge borer on the kumquat, the gray powdery beetle on the yew, the man mealybug on the Fuso, the bran patch pink borer on the Junzi orchid, the turtle wax nymph and the red wax oyster on the camellia, the horn wax oyster on the holly, the black helmet oyster and the worm on the cycad, the round shield oyster on the periwink, the coriander white shield oyster on the laughing and white orchid, the bran shield oyster on the Buddha's hand, the giant tumor oyster on the orchid, the white shield oyster on the brown bamboo, the round shield oyster on the ivory vine, the coconut round shield oyster on the scattered tail flower, and the yajian shield worm on the four seasons of gui. The species of ticks on each flower are very different.
Control methods: According to the morphological characteristics of the insects, the control of this type of pest is preferred with super internal suction and insect osmotic effect of the agent, such as "bug must cure" 750 ~ 1000 times liquid spraying, after the liquid is absorbed by the tree body, the insect sucks to the toxic sap of the tree and dies of poisoning, and the insecticidal effect is good. The drug is recommended to be used in the afternoon when the temperature is high (the requirement is 28 ° C ~ 32 ° C, so the temperature liquid conducts quickly, the insect shell is easily poisoned, and the waxy layer becomes soft at this temperature, which is conducive to the penetration of the liquid into the insect body), sprayed twice in a row, with an interval of 5 to 7 days. For tall trees that are difficult to spray, the "tree body insecticide" can be injected by punching holes in the upper part of the trunk, and the liquid is transmitted to the top through the xylem catheter, which has obvious effect on the insect age, thick wax layer and difficult to control the insect shell insect, simple operation and thorough control.
Coal pollution disease, a common disease of flowers
Coal pollution disease, also known as soot disease, occurs widely on flowers and trees, affecting photosynthesis, reducing ornamental value and economic value, and even causing death. The symptom is the formation of small black mold spots on the leaf surface and branches, and then expand the continuous patches, so that the entire leaf surface and young shoots are covered with black mold layers. Due to the large number of coal pollution germs, the same plant can be infected with a variety of germs, and its symptoms are slightly different. The presence of a black mold layer or a black pulverized coal layer is an important feature of the disease. It can harm ziwei, peony, citrus, camellia, milan, osmanthus and chrysanthemums.
Prevention and control methods: strengthen indoor ventilation and ventilation, and kill aphids, aphids, whiteflies and other insect vectors that induce coal pollution diseases in a timely manner. A small number of leaves on individual plants are infected with coal pollution disease, and the coal sewage layer can be scrubbed with a damp cloth with a low concentration of detergent water. At the beginning of the disease, 50% of the A • sulfur suspension 500 times liquid, or 75% of the bacterium please wettable powder 500 times liquid spray the branches and leaves of the infected plant, once every 15 days, 2-3 times continuously.
Gray mold, a common disease of flowers
As the gas rises, the humidity is too large and the ventilation is poor, and gray mold is still one of the main diseases of indoor flowers. Gray mold disease seedlings are light in color, the leaves and petioles are grayish-white, water-stained, the tissues are softened to decay, and the surface is gray mold when it is high humidity. Young stems mostly appear irregular water-soaked spots at the base of the petiole, and soon become soft and decaying, shrinking or folding, and finally the diseased seedlings rot and wilt and die. Harmful to gerbera, rubber trees, melon leaf chrysanthemum, cyclamen, poinsettia, geranium, ligon, green lotus, dragon boat flower, Fuso, red palm and other potted flowers, especially the leaves and petals are seriously diseased.
Prevention and control methods: strengthen ventilation and light transmission, reduce indoor air humidity, prohibit spraying water on the foliar surface in the evening, and prevent moisture from staying on the foliage for a long time. For plants in the early stage of disease, 65% zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 50% polymyldypoxide wettable powder 1000 times liquid, can be sprayed alternately around noon, once every 10 days, 2-3 times continuously. In the middle of the onset of gray mold, there are more diseased leaves, diseased fruits, and a small number of diseased branches appear disease symptoms, at this time the pathogen is initially multiplied, the amount of bacteria is more, the general prevention and control is unfavorable, not timely, will enter the rapid spread stage.
Aphids commonly found in flowers
Aphids – the fastest-breeding insects. As the temperature rises, the amount of watering increases, and the aphid damage on ornamental plants indoors becomes more severe. Aphids suck up the sap of newly drawn leaves, which will affect the normal growth of the plant after spring.
Control method: For aphids on a small number of plants, you can first sprinkle the insect body and leaves with cigarette dust, grass ash or slag ash, and after about 1-2 hours, rinse with clean water to kill most of the aphids. It is recommended to use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue agents, and alternate use of various pesticides to delay the development of aphid resistance. For example, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid spray control; 1.8% avermectin 3000 times liquid spray control; 10% nicotin emulsion 500 ~ 1000 times liquid spray prevention and control; 50% anti-aphid wettable powder 2500 times liquid spray prevention and control.
Whiteflies, common insect pests in flowers
The whitefly stages are parasitic on plant leaves, mostly on the reverse side. It is mainly a greenhouse whitefly, which harms melon leaf chrysanthemum, fuso, moon season, dry lotus, lantern flower, etc.; Followed by orange spotted whiteflies, harming kumquats, golden beans, tortoiseshells, bergamot, moon season, brandy, Milan, etc., their harm can not be underestimated.
Control method: In severe cases, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid, or 25% chlorpyrifolim wettable powder 2500 times liquid can be used.
Leaf blight, a common disease of flowers
At the beginning of leaf blight, it appears in the form of spots, starting from the tip of the four seasons of laurel leaves or the edge of the leaf, and the color of the initial spots is yellow-green or light brown, which is generally not easy to observe. The mid-stage spots gradually expand to reddish-brown or gray-brown, and begin to appear in obviously observable shapes, which are mostly irregular circles. At this time, the back of the leaf surface with diseased spots is very light in color, but the color of the leaf edge is heavier. Leaf blight is in its later stages, which is also a period of considerable concern. At this time, not only the spots merge with each other, but also change from small spots at the beginning to large patches. And many small black particles will grow on the spots, and these small black particles are actually the conidia of pathogenic bacteria.
Prevention and control methods: 1. Completely remove the diseased leaves in autumn and burn them intensively to reduce the source of infection in the following year.
2. Strengthen cultivation management and control the occurrence of diseases. The planting ground should be well drained, the soil should be fertile, and organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. Control the planting density, make it ventilated and transparent, reduce foliar humidity and reduce the chance of infestation. Change to drip irrigation or running water irrigation to reduce the spread of germs.
3. In the area of serious disease in the growing season, from the beginning of the onset of illness in late June to October, spray the drug every 10 days or so, and spray several times in a row can be effectively prevented. Commonly used agents are 1:1:100 times Bordeaux liquid, 50% tolbuzin 500-800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times (or 40% suspension 600-800 times), 50% Phenyllite 1000-1500 times, 65% daisen zinc 500 times liquid, etc., which can be selected or used alternately.
The above are some common flower pests and diseases symptoms and control methods, I hope it is useful to everyone! Please stay tuned, let's raise the flowers together!