<h1>Mushroom blade nematodes</h1>
<h1>symptoms</h1>
Nematodes are a class of tiny inferior animals belonging to the invertebrate linear fauna phylum, nematodes. Nematodes are numerous and widely distributed. Nematodes can harm mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, anchovies, shiitake mushrooms, grass mushrooms, white fungus, black fungus, wool fungus, enoki mushrooms and so on. Different edible mushrooms show different symptoms after being harmed by nematodes. For example, after the white fungus is infested with nematodes, the ear pieces rot like snot. After the mushroom is affected, the hyphae growth is not vigorous, and it gradually becomes wilted, and "debacterial" appears, and the culture material becomes moist and rotten. The fruiting body is damaged in the form of soft rot water stains, soft rot yellow or soft rot brown. After the mushroom is harmed, the fruiting body turns yellow, later turns brown, and finally the entire fruiting body decays and has a fishy odor. The number of nematodes is very large, the density of each gram of culture material can reach more than 200, mainly eating saprophytic bacteria and fungal fragments, while its metabolic excreta is a variety of saprophytic bacteria propagation, thereby promoting the reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria, so that the culture material is rotten and smelly, so it is often misdiagnosed as a miscellaneous bacteria hazard or high-temperature burning bacteria caused. Because the nematodes are small, we generally can't see them with the naked eye, so the mushrooms that have been harmed by nematodes have not attracted attention, so that the mushroom production and quality have decreased.
<h1>Regularity of occurrence</h1>
Also known as compost slippery-edged nematodes, it is a small colorless worm that does not exceed 1 mm in length and multiplies more rapidly at 25 degrees than at 15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees. It is mainly swimming in the compost and cover soil or on the surface of the water film surface, sometimes a large number of nematodes cluster on the cover or fungus, around each other a flickering, twisted spiral, so there is no water, they can not swim, can not reproduce. They are mainly spread through activities such as mushroom picking and watering.
<h1>integrated control</h1>
(1) Do a good job in the cleaning and hygiene of the cultivation place, and remove the residual rotten mushrooms and waste materials before use in the mushroom room, and thoroughly disinfect it. For the soil in the mushroom room, it can be watered with 1% lime water or 1% disinfectant containing sodium dichloroisocyanurate or sprinkled with lime mixed with sand. It can also be used to spray insecticides on the ground and bed frame of the mushroom room with avermectin and high-efficiency cypermethrin, and then smoke insecticide containing excellent chlorine disinfectant powder, which can effectively kill nematodes in the mushroom room.
(2) Avoid using unclean water mixture and pouring mushrooms, if the water source is not clean, you can add an appropriate amount of effervescent disinfectant containing mono-chlorine dioxide after purification. The flowing river water and well water are relatively clean, while the pond stagnant water contains a large number of insect eggs, which often leads to the flooding of nematodes.
(3) The cultivation material is stacked at high temperature for secondary fermentation treatment (70 degrees to maintain 5--7 hours), which can kill the nematodes and eggs in the cultivation material. The cover should also be disinfected with high-temperature steam to kill nematodes.
(4) The window of the mushroom room is equipped with a fine iron mesh, which can prevent poultry, rats, livestock, mosquitoes, flies, etc. from entering the cultivation site for harm, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
(5) Rotation mushroom farm. When the production of shiitake mushrooms is seriously harmful to the line worms, the rotten rate is high, and the mushroom shed cultivation must be rotated once every 2 to 3 years, and other crops such as vegetables are planted.
(6) When the nematodes are found, the ditch around the ward is isolated from the uninseted part, and the watering of the ward is stopped to dry it.
(7) Fumigation treatment at the end of the mushroom is the most effective method for controlling nematodes at present. Waste, mushroom boxes and planks can be covered with canvas and steam heated to 55--60 degrees can effectively kill hidden nematodes.
(8) Pharmaceutical control: it can be used to mix agents containing imidacloprid and octylthion or to use agents containing avermectin and high efficiency cypermethrin
Spraying 1500-2000 times the solution can effectively kill nematodes in the culture medium.
Author's words: the prevention and control of nematodes should find the cause from the source, and the problem of cultivated materials is mostly, followed by the problem of mushroom room hygiene.