In the season of warm spring flowers, you can take your master on an outing again. However, spring is also an active season for parasites to hatch and grow, and the shoveler must do a good job of deworming before taking his pet out.
Today to give you popular science pet deworming related knowledge ~
Parasitic diseases are one of the common diseases of dogs and cats, and various in vivo and foreign parasites will take away the nutrition of the animal body to varying degrees, damage the tissue cells of animals, secrete toxins, affect the growth and development of pets, and spread a variety of diseases. These are seriously endangering the health of dogs and cats, and some zoonotic parasitic diseases even threaten human health.
Parasitic diseases are common in dogs and cats
Extra vi virulous parasitic disease
Common ectoparasitic diseases in dogs and cats: lice, flea, tick, mite.
Ectoparasitic infections are largely caused by poor feeding management and poor living environment.
Lice, fleas, ticks, mites mainly cause mechanical irritation of the skin of dogs and cats, such as fleas, lice, tick bites on the skin, scabies mites, demodex mites, ear mites will dig tunnels and breed in the subcutaneous tissue. Irritation to the skin, causing itching, animal scratching can lead to bleeding, scabs and even infection of the skin.
Some ectoparasites such as lice, fleas, and ticks will also suck animal blood, and the long course of the disease will cause pet anemia, serious or even death. Some ectoparasites also act as intermediate hosts to transmit blood parasitic diseases, such as canine babesiosis, which is caused by tick transmission. Severe mite infections such as scabies mites and demodex mites can spread throughout the body without timely treatment, with a long course of disease and difficult treatment.
Parasitic diseases in the body
Intestinal parasitic disease is one of the most common diseases in dogs and cats, and the main pathogens include roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, coccidioides, trematodes, giardia and so on.
Intestinal parasites mainly cause animals to have symptoms such as decreased appetite, poor spirit, malnutrition, diarrhea, blood in the stool, etc., while hookworms and trematodes will also adsorb on the intestinal wall and suck animal blood, resulting in severe anemia in animals and even death. In addition to the symptoms of the digestive tract, parasitic infections can also be secondary to intestinal obstruction, intussusception, etc., which greatly threaten the health of pets.
The main blood parasites in dogs and cats include heartworms and babes. Heartworms mainly parasitize the heart and pulmonary arteries, causing pulmonary hypertension, thrombosis, seriously leading to heart failure, ascites, etc., young pets will enter the lungs to cause lung infections, pets often die due to heart failure. Heartworm disease transmitted by fleas or mosquito bites can also infect humans, causing subcutaneous granulomas, urticaria, dermatitis and other symptoms. Babesia predominates in the red blood cells of dogs, causing hemolysis, anemia and even death.
Deworming work
Deworming in the body
dog
Healthy puppies can start deworming for more than 20 days;
Puppies up to six months old, dewormed once a month;
Dogs over six months old, dewormed once every three months;
Newly purchased dogs need to be raised for 3-5 days before the first deworming.
cat
Kittens generally undergo the first in vivo deworming at more than 6 weeks;
Kittens up to six months old, dewormed once a month;
Cats over six months old, dewormed once every three months;
Newly purchased cats need to be raised for 3-5 days before the first deworming.
In vitro deworming
Dogs and cats that live in the house for a long time and do not go out can be dewormed once every three months; dogs and cats that often go out are dewormed once a month.
Blood parasites:
Heartworms can only be prevented once a month;
Toxoplasma gondii is immune.
Other considerations:
Deworming drugs should be used strictly according to the dog's weight and strict dosage;
The female dog is dewormed one month before pregnancy or after weaning, and deworming during pregnancy follows the advice of a doctor;
A small number of pets will have uncomfortable reactions after taking deworming drugs, such as vomiting, diarrhea, generally can return to normal after one day, if there are still symptoms, please seek medical attention in time.
Dogs and cats are commonly used with deworming drugs
Serraminin
Serraminin belongs to the macrolide class of drugs, is a broad-spectrum avermectin antibiotic, its mechanism of action is the same as other avermectin drugs, that is, by interfering with the chlorine channel controlled by the worm body glutamate, so that the worm body neuromuscular paralysis and achieve the purpose of deworming. It has a killing effect on some nematodes and arthropodoid surface parasites, and is ineffective against trematodes and tapeworms. With its high safety profile and wide range of insect repellent, it can be used in pregnant, lactation-stage animals and young animals.
The more mature products on the market are the external serraminin transdermal agent produced by Pfizer in the United States - "Big Pet", which is used to prevent and control canine cat roundworms, hookworms, heartworms, fleas, ear mites, scabies mites, lice and so on.
Moxiktin
Also known as moximesin, moxiquetin, moxitin, belongs to the macrolide class of drugs. Its mechanism of action is basically the same as that of serramin, it is ineffective in the treatment of trematodes and tapeworms, and has excellent efficacy on canine hydatids and gastrointestinal nematodes, in addition, moxiquetin can also kill parasites on the surface of the body, and the efficacy is maintained for a long time, which is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum, and low-toxic antiparasitic drug. Commonly used clinical dosage forms include pouring agents, injections, pastes, glue pills, microspheres and sustained-release giant pills.
The more mature product on the market is the German Bayer company "Aiwok", which is a combination of moxyktin and imidacloprid, which is mainly used for in vivo and in vitro deworming of dogs and cats (except for trematode and tapeworm).
Milbe oxime
Milbe oxime belongs to the macrolide class of drugs, is currently the prevention and control of dogs and cats in vitro parasites special drugs, can be special control of heartworms, efficient control of hookworms, roundworms, whipworms, roundworms and other internal parasites, as well as the prevention and control of follicles, scabies, lice, fleas and other in vitro parasites, is ineffective against trematodes and tapeworms, mainly tablets.
The more mature products on the market include "Hai Le Miao" produced by Haizheng Dongbao, which is a combination tablet of mirbeme and praziquantel, which is mainly used to prevent infections such as nematodes, tapeworms, trematodes, heartworms, mites and so on.
Praziquantel
Praziquantel is a broad-spectrum anti-trematode and tapeworm drug, a derivative of pyrazine isoquinoline, which has a good effect on schistosomiasis, Chinese mycodychiasis, liver chip trematodiasis, winged flukes and other adult and larval infections. The mechanism of action of praziquantel mainly leads to the rigid contraction of the insect body muscles and the spasmodic paralysis that causes its death. Praziquantel is currently the low-toxicity, highly effective drug of choice for the treatment of trematodiasis. The main dosage forms of praziquantel include tablets, injections, etc., and are mainly composite tablets in pet clinical practice, thereby expanding the deworming spectrum
On the market, such as Bayer's "Bai Pet Qing", is a compound tablet of pyroquinone and non-Bantyl and bis(hydroxynaphthalate) thiopyrimidine, and Haizheng Dongbao's "Hai Le Miao" is a compound tablet of pyroquinone and mirbexime.
Non-Poironi
Also known as fipronil, it belongs to the benzyrazole insecticide. Nonpopronil has a broad spectrum of high efficiency, strong lipophilicity, after use will spread to the surface of the body hair follicle of the sebaceous gland storage, followed by slow exudation of the body surface, with a long protective time. It has the characteristics of contact insecticide, the mechanism of action is to bind to the γ-aminobutyric acid receptors on the central cells of the parasite, interfere with the central nervous system of the worm, cause excessive excitement of nerves and muscles until the parasite dies, and can effectively control fleas and ticks on the surface of dogs and cats.
The more mature products on the market include the non-prepronil and methoxypus compound drops and sprays produced by the French company Merria, "Freon", which are mainly used to kill fleas and ticks outside the body of dogs and cats.
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid is the first generation of neonicotinoid insecticides, which selectively bind to the acetylcholine receptor of the insect body, paralyzing the insect body and dying, without binding to the acetylcholine receptor of mammals, with low dose, high efficiency and environmental safety. Imidacloprid is mainly used to prevent and treat fleas in dogs and cats, and dosage forms include sprays, drops and so on.
The more mature product representatives on the market are the German Bayer company production of "Ai walker" and "Bai Pet Shuang", Bai Pet Shuang is a combination of imidacloprid and dichlorophenoxyfenthrin, used for the prevention and treatment of fleas, ticks, lice, and can be used as an adjunct to the treatment of allergic dermatitis caused by fleas.
Avrana
Aforana is an isoxazolithine in vitro deworming drug, mainly acting on fleas and ticks, its mechanism of action is to inhibit gaBA chloride ion channels, so that arthropod nerve excitement leads to death, is a powerful insecticide, with fast onset, high safety characteristics.
At present, the pet market has chewable tablets produced by Bollinger - "Nixon" and "Super Trust", the former is a unilateral tablet, the latter is a forflana and milbe oxime combination tablets, the range of action is wider, can take into account the internal and external parasites. The latest report from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says that in vitro deworming drugs containing isoxazolidine have been tested to be safe for use in most dogs and cats, but some dogs and cats may have adverse nervous system reactions after use, including muscle shakes, motor disorders, and epilepsy.
At present, due to the limited range of drug effects in the pet market, the current composite preparation is the mainstream product in the pet market, such as milbyme and praziquantel, imidacloprid and moxiquetine, through this combination of drugs to expand the deworming spectrum, thereby improving the efficiency of deworming. In addition, the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, in addition to the selection of efficient deworming drugs, feeding management is also particularly important.