The earth is the only common beautiful home for human beings, since humans became the top of the food chain, many animals and plants will be endangered every year, especially in the 1990s, amphibians around the world began to appear inexplicable death strange phenomenon, especially in the central Caribbean region of the Americas and Australia and other regions, the situation is the most severe.
The picture shows the area where amphibians died in large numbers
Amphibians have died in large numbers, what is the truth behind the strange appearance of the doubt?
With the development of human social activities, the change of the ecological environment, the situation of large-scale animal death has become the strangest phenomenon in nature, in the large number of animal deaths, many people wonder if it is infected with what disease makes thousands of animals die collectively? The slow death of a group of whales on the beach is chilling, and more than 50,000 cats have committed suicide by jumping into the sea in Japan en masse... The reasons behind the massive death toll of animals are frightening. As an ancient amphibian, the frog, it is now encountering an "apocalyptic crisis" around the world, and more and more amphibians are disappearing.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States has published that in the sixth mass extinction of species on Earth, the first to suffer will be amphibians and fish, not small insects, nor the brunt of the largest organisms like big cats, elephants and giraffes. According to the assessment posed by the scientists in the article, various species of small frogs and other amphibians weighing less than one gram will disappear in the next few decades.
The picture shows the phenomenon of death that began in 1993
1. Frog chytrid fungus caused the large-scale extinction of amphibian "frogs"
Since 1993, amphibians represented by frogs have died in large numbers, and the mysterious extinction event has received the attention of biologists, until the end of the last century, biologists found that the real culprit behind it was the frog pot fungus carried by Xenopus laevis. According to the research of biologists, the extinction of 200 species of frogs may be caused by the frog chytrid fungus, and this number is far more than that.
A new report recently published in the journal Science points out that the population of more than 500 species of amphibians has declined significantly due to the influence of Chytrid frogs, and 90 species covered in it have completely disappeared. In other words, in the amphibian kingdom, the frog chytrid fungus has completely set off a bloody storm. It is the biggest threat to amphibians, and this fungus's means of "murdering" amphibian frogs is very cruel.
Pictured here are Xenopus laevis and Chytrid frog fungus
Some netizens can't help but ask: "What exactly is the frog pot fungus?" What about situations that can cause a large number of amphibians to die? "Chytridium frog is a fungus that belongs to the Phylum Chytridium. Its biggest feature is that it can not only live in aquatic environments and soils, but also parasitize in animals and plants, such as in frogs or other amphibians, this fungus exists in the body, especially for frogs, this fungus fatality rate is extremely high. Xenopus is the natural host of the frog chytrid fungus, the frog chytrid fungus can multiply on the body of the Xenopus laureate, but it is not fatal, but for other amphibians, it is not so lucky, once the frog is infected with this fungus, there will be a large number of molting conditions in an instant, the heart function is affected, and eventually die due to cardiac arrest.
Chytrid frogs have brought unprecedented disasters to amphibians, and from 2009 to 2012, in just three years, Chytrid fungus has eliminated 99% of the Dutch fire salamander. Fire salamander is a nocturnal animal, like to hide in dead wood, sometimes people take dead wood for fire, fire salamander will flee in a hurry, as if born from the flames, so it is named fire salamander. It can be said that the emergence of the pot fungus has made the Dutch fire salamander almost completely destroyed.
The picture shows the fire salamander
2. The mass extinction of amphibians is related to human pregnancy testing technology
In order to prevent the occurrence of a large number of extinctions of amphibians by Chytrid bacteria, biologists have studied the fungus in depth, but in this study, biologists have made new discoveries. In the 1930s, biologists first discovered that chytrid bacteria appeared in samples of South African laevis, which is also known around the world as a "pregnancy test tool frog". Some netizens can't help but ask: Is the claw toad a toad? No, it is a relatively rare creature in our daily lives, and even many people have never heard of this name, and they know very little about it.
Unlike other amphibians, the clawed toad prefers to live in the still waters of the tropics, and in its visceral structure, the lungs of the clawed toad are very large, which helps the clawed to float regularly on the surface of the water to breathe air. If there is a dry season, the clawed toad can crawl on short roads to find another source of water. Why did such an ordinary amphibian become a "victim" of human pregnancy testing technology? In 1927, Hoggburn moved to South Africa, where he conducted experimental studies on amphibians, because the majority of African punks are typical of amphibians, and they are very easy to catch, so Hogg has put his energy into the clawed toad and regarded it as an important object of study.
The clawed toad in Hoggburn's experiment
In 1930, when Hogg had injected Xenopus laevis with extracts of the hormone endocrine glands at the base of the brain of cattle, Hogg had inadvertently discovered that the xenopus began to lay eggs after being stimulated by this hormone. Through the occurrence of this phenomenon of clawed toad, scientists also associated with pregnant women, because pregnant women's urine contains hormone hCG produced by the pituitary gland and can affect the development of the ovaries, scientists believe that if the hormones in the urine of pregnant women are injected into the body of the clawed toad, it will not also be the same as before, perhaps they can be used as a living "pregnancy test stick".
Based on this idea, Hoggburn led the team to carry out experiments, he collected fresh urine from a woman, and then extracted and injected into the skin of the female Xenopus laevis, if it was a pregnant woman, the Xenopus labus would be stimulated by hormones to lay eggs, if it was not a pregnant woman, the Xenopus lavis would not have an egg-laying change.
The success of this experiment, known as the Hogburn pregnancy test, has since traveled from Africa to the world to contribute to human reproduction.
The development of pregnancy test tools has given women the freedom to reproduce and has also brought devastating disasters to amphibian frogs
Hoggburn brought some of the clawed toad home and began pioneering experiments, and biologists have been in pregnancy tests for the freedom of human reproduction, and they are happy to extricate themselves. Since the clawed toad was discovered to be able to become a tool for "pregnancy testing", its fate has been rewritten. In the 1940s and 1960s, tens of thousands of Xenopus toads crossed the ocean to other continents, contributing their sperm and eggs to the development of the cause of human fertility "pregnancy testing", which became a new generation of pregnancy testing tools. The clawed toad is known for its "pregnancy test" and has become the best popular amphibian in the West, but at the same time, it has also led to the judicus bacteria carried by the clawed toad from the body of the clawed to almost all amphibians in the world, resulting in large-scale deaths of amphibians.
<h1>The history of human pregnancy testing is long, the means of pregnancy testing are various, and the biggest victim is still animals </h1>
1, barley and wheat seeds are also "pregnancy test tools"
In the process of conceiving life, it is inseparable from this important link of pregnancy testing, and human beings have never stopped exploring pregnancy testing. Before the invention of the "Clawed Toad" pregnancy test tool, humans tried a variety of pregnancy test methods, which can be described as various, for example, in Egypt, women want to know whether they are pregnant, they can spill their urine on barley or wheat seeds, if the seeds germinate, it means that women are pregnant. And there is a more magical way to do it locally, if the barley germinates, it means that the woman is pregnant with a boy, and if the wheat germinates, it means that the woman is pregnant with a girl. However, in the 1960s, some scientists experimentally believed that the accuracy of urine spilled on barley and wheat seeds to test whether there was pregnancy was as high as 70%, that is, this method was feasible, but scientists were skeptical about detecting the sex of the fetus.
2. Every year, 6,000 rabbits become victims of "pregnancy testing"
Scientists also carried out a "pregnancy test" experiment on the rabbit, the researchers believe that if the test pregnancy is positive, then the rabbit will die quickly, for scientists "rabbit death" is a pregnancy annunciation, but in fact, scientists This open stomach experimental method is bound to make the rabbit die, this detection operation method is very bloody and cruel, in order to improve the pregnancy test rate, every year researchers have to sacrifice 6,000 rabbits for pregnancy test experiments.
The picture shows a rabbit who is born without love
3. Soak the door plug to observe its color change
In the mid-15th century, a guide to women's pregnancy was popular in Europe, in this guide book, detailing how to use women's urine soaking in the door bolt for pregnancy testing, the book pointed out that soaking for half a day, if there are traces of the door bolt in the basin, the woman is pregnant. So what principle this has to be based on, we don't know.
The picture shows the history of pregnancy testing
The successful invention of pregnancy testing tools, although it is the gospel of the history of the development of human social activities, but also the tragedy of animals in the natural world, the fate of the clawed toad is the result of human pursuit of scientific and technological progress, although it is the world-renowned "pregnancy test tool", but this fame is so unbearable, after all, the cost of species disappearance is too great.
For thousands of years, the footsteps of human beings have moved to the world, every time they go to a new region, where the species are bound to become extinct, especially in recent years, amphibians have appeared a large number of death monsters, there is no doubt that this is the main cause of human social activities caused by species extinction, in the azure earth, with the acceleration of human social activities, so that the animals that originally lived comfortably in the earth have more and more sense of crisis of survival, many animals began to die collectively, not that they do not adapt to changes in the environment. It is impossible to accept the harm of human beings to it, so as human beings, we must understand that every species has an equal right to live, and we should respect life and treat life well!