1.1715 - Death of Louis XIV, King of Bourbon in France
Louis XIV (5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), full name Louis-Dieudonne, courtesy name the SunKing, was a famous king of the Bourbon dynasty of France (reigned 14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715), Count of Barcelona, eldest son of Louis XIII, born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. Philippe, Duke of Orléans, was born in 1640. His mother, Anna Regency of Austria, did not really begin pro-government until the death of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661. His reign was a model and example of absolute monarchy in Europe. Louis XIV was revered for making France strong, but his immeasurable war bankrupted france's national economy.
2. 1870 - French rout in the Franco-Prussian War
At the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War, the corruption of the French army was exposed. The equipment was inadequate, there was a shortage of food and grass, there was insufficient ammunition, and even the officers could not find their own companies. On 2 August, the French army broke into Germany and was confronted by the Prussians. On 6 August, the French army collapsed. The main French forces were divided into two parts: a part led by Marshal Bazin was surrounded by prussians at The Fortress of Metz; another part, led by Marshal McMahon, fled to Sedan in a daze. Louis Bonaparte, who was the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, also fled here with his army. The Prussians followed the pursuit and surrounded Sedan. At dawn on September 1, 1870, the Franco-Prussian armies met at the Battle of Sedan. Under the heavy artillery bombardment of the Prussians, the French lost their armor and collapsed, and in the afternoon they raised a white flag and submitted a surrender instrument.
3. 1906 - The Qing court declares a preparatory constitution
On September 1, 1906 (July 13, Guangxu 32), the Qing court issued the "Proclamation of Preparatory Constitutionalism", from which the "Preparatory Constitution" was derived.
4. 1914 - The last captive passenger pigeon in the world dies in the Usa
On the afternoon of September 1, 1914, the last captive wandering bird named "Martha" died in the Cincinnati Zoo in the United States, representing the disappearance of the passenger pigeon from the earth. Many people gathered around it and shed tears of sadness, because people would never see this beautiful and lovely animal again, and they would never see the thousands of spectacular sights they had when they migrated. The passenger pigeon, which died in the zoo, was made into a specimen and sent to the National Museum
5. 1923 - Great Kanto earthquake in Japan
The Great Kanto Earthquake, also known as the Great Tokyo Earthquake, was a disaster that struck the Kanto Plain of Japan at 11:58 a.m. on September 1, 1923 . The magnitude of the earthquake is as high as 7.6 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter is located on Izu Oshima island in Sagami Bay, which is an earthquake of the upper and lower vertical type. Its areas of influence include Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, and Shizuoka Prefectures. According to figures released by the Japanese government, the number of deaths and disappearances totals more than 140,000. The damage caused by this natural disaster was japan's worst before the war, and according to Kashima Construction's research report, until September 2005, a total of 105,000 people had been confirmed to have died in the Great Kanto Earthquake.
6. 1935 - The famous Japanese conductor Seiji Ozawa is born
Seiji Ozawa (おざわせいじ, born September 1, 1935) was a Japanese conductor who later became an American citizen. Seiji Ozawa was born in 1935 in Chiyoda Park, a subsidiary of Fengtian Mantetsu in Manchukuo, and is now zhongshan park on the south side of the junior high school of Tohoku Yucai School. In 1959, he studied music from Hideo Saito at Kirito Gakuen Junior College in Tokyo, Japan, and after graduation, he went to Europe and the United States for further studies. As one of the most recognized Asian classical musicians in the West, Seiji Ozawa has injected vitality into the Japanese music scene by founding the annual Matsumoto Saito Memorial Music Festival. He was diagnosed with early esophageal cancer during a physical examination in 2009 and underwent surgery in 2010. Diagnosed with pneumonia in January 2012 and suffering from deterioration in health, he said on March 7 that he would cancel his foreign performances and recuperate for one year.
7. 1939 - "World War II" broke out in full swing
World War II (World War II, September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945), also known as World War II, was a second global war fought on the one hand between the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and other countries, with the anti-fascist league and anti-fascist forces around the world as the other. From Europe to Asia, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, 61 countries and regions, more than 2 billion people have been involved in the war, the combat area of 22 million square kilometers. According to incomplete statistics, more than 70 million military and civilian casualties were killed in the war, and more than 4 trillion US dollars were put into the water. The Second World War ended with the united states, the Soviet Union, China, Britain and other anti-fascist countries and the people of the world winning world peace and progress by defeating the fascist aggressors.
8. 1961 - Opening of the first Summit of Non-Aligned Countries
The Summit of the Non-Aligned Countries is a summit held regularly every three years by the countries of the Non-Aligned Movement during the cold war years. On 1 September 1961, the first formal meeting of the 25 non-aligned countries in Belgrade adopted the Declaration. In the early post-war period, a confrontation between military blocs led by the two major powers of the United States and the Soviet Union was formed in the international community. The Second Summit of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Cairo from 5 to 10 October 1964, adopted the Programme of Peace and International Cooperation, which identified imperialism, colonialism and neocolonialism as a fundamental source of international tension and conflict.
9. 1962 - Born to Dutch football star Luther Gullit
Ruud Gullit (born 1 September 1962) is a retired Dutch footballer and current football coach who was the 1987 European Footballer of the Year and the 1987 and 1989 World Footballer of the Year. Gullit is an all-rounder in modern football, he has played as a scavenger, is also good at being a midfield organizer, and is known as a "strong center forward". In every position, he was the best of his peers. At the peak of his career in the mid-to-late '80s, he was without a doubt one of the best players in the world, a wizard who had made great contributions to football and won all the glory except for the World Cup, he had speed, strength, vision, excellent technique on the pitch. His long hair was also impressive, nicknamed "Braided Handsome".
10. 1965 - Tibet Autonomous Region is established
The Tibet Autonomous Region, one of the five ethnic autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China, was peacefully liberated on May 23, 1951, and formally established on September 1, 1965, located in the southwestern border of the People's Republic of China, in the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, between longitudes 78° 25′ and 99° 06′ E and latitudes 26° 44′ and 36° 32′ N. It is bordered by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to the north, Qinghai Province to the northeast, Sichuan Province to the east, Yunnan Province to the southeast, and Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Sikkim and Kashmir to the south and west. It is a vast area with spectacular landforms and abundant resources. Since ancient times, the people of this land have created a rich and splendid national culture.
11. 1972 - He Xiangning, chairman of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang and painter, died of illness
He Xiangning (June 27, 1878 – September 1, 1972), the owner of Shuangqing Lou, a native of Nanhai Cotton Village, Guangdong (now Nanhai District, Foshan), was born in Hong Kong, a Chinese painter and Chinese democratic revolutionary. He Xiangning was a close comrade-in-arms of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and a revolutionary companion of Mr. Liao Zhongkai. She was not only an outstanding revolutionary and political activist, but also a famous painter who enjoyed a high reputation at home and abroad. His works include "Lion", "Plum Blossom", "Gao Songtu", etc., and he has published painting collections such as "He Xiangning Painting Collection", "He Xiangning Poetry Painting Collection", "Shuangqing Poetry Painting Collection" and so on. He died on September 1, 1972.
12. 1982 - Deng Xiaoping talks about the three major tasks of the new era at the Twelfth National Congress
On September 1, 1982, Deng Xiaoping delivered an opening speech at the 12th National People's Congress of the Communist Party of China. He introduced the main agenda of the congress and held that by fulfilling the tasks of this congress, the party's guidance on socialist modernization will be clearer, party building will be more suited to the needs of the new historical period, and the party's top leadership will be able to achieve cooperation and replacement between the old and the new and become a more vigorous combat command. The opening speech reviewed the history of the Party and pointed out that since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Party has restored correct policies in the economic, political, cultural and other aspects of its work, and has studied new situations and new experiences and formulated a series of new and correct policies. Compared with the time of the Eighth National Congress, the party's understanding of the law of socialist construction in our country is much deeper, its experience is much richer, and its consciousness and firmness in implementing the correct policy have been greatly strengthened.
13. In 1996, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was completed and opened to traffic
The Beijing-Kowloon Railway, also known as the Beijing-Kowloon Line, is a railway in China from the capital Beijing to Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, starting from Beijing West Railway Station and reaching Shenzhen Station (and then via the East Rail Line in Hong Kong and ending at Kowloon (Hung Hom) Station). Since November 1992, the construction of the north-to-south section has been successively started, and in November 1995, it was connected to the border of Gansu and Guangdong Province in advance, and on April 1, 1996, the whole line of the project was realized, and it was handed over to the Beijing, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Shanghai, Nanchang Railway Bureau and Guangzhou Railway (Group) Company for temporary management and operation on September 1 of the same year. The Beijing-Kowloon Line is the fifth north-south railway trunk line in China, which runs from the capital Beijing West Railway Station in the north to nanchang station in the central city of the provincial capital, and reaches the Kowloon station in Hong Kong in the special administrative region in the south, passing through nine provinces and cities, with a total length of 2536 kilometers. The construction of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway is of great significance to improving the layout of China's railways and alleviating the tension between north and south transportation.