In autumn, pears enter the harvest season. Although China is the world's largest producer of pears and fruits, and there are many varieties of pears, many people do not know so much about the history of pear cultivation.
There are more than 3,000 kinds of pears in the country
"Chinese Fruit Tree Chronicle Volume III Pear" pointed out that pears have a cultivation history of 2500-3000 years in China. Because the adaptability of pears to the climate is very strong, the distribution range in China is also very extensive, after a long period of improvement and domestication, more than 3,000 pear and fruit varieties have been derived in the country, and the number of varieties ranks first in fruit trees. However, in the field of agriculture and forestry, according to the variety source and geographical distribution of pears, it is mainly divided into two major populations of Asian pears and Western pears, and Asian pears are divided into three series: autumn pear, white pear and sand pear, namely the autumn pear system in the cold-tolerant areas of northeast and northwest China, the white pear system in north China, and the sand pear system in the Yangtze River Basin.
Today, famous pear varieties include Zhejiang Yiwu Early Three Flowers, Yanzhou Sydney Pear, Fujian Zhenghe Large Sydney Pear, Guangxi Guanyang Sydney Pear, Sichuan Cangxi Pear, Yunnan Chenggong Baozhu Pear, Guizhou Xianning Large Sydney Pear and so on. Hebei Weixian duck pear, Zhaozhou snow pear, Anhui Yanshan crisp pear, Shandong Laiyang pear, Jilin Yanbian apple pear, etc. are the famous varieties of white pears. Autumn pear, like persimmons, belongs to the post-ripening fruit, and common varieties are perfume pear (northwest), Nanguo pear (Liaoning Haicheng), Jingbai pear (Beijing Mentougou) and so on. As for the famous Xinjiang Korla fragrant pear, it belongs to the hybrid of Western pear and Oriental pear, which has the dominant genes of white pear, sand pear and Western pear, and is also a famous pear fruit in China.
What kind of pear is the pear of Kong Rongrang
Regarding the historical allusions of pears, the most well-known is "Kong Rong let the pear". Due to the wide distribution of pears in China, what kind of pear Kong Rong let was controversial in the folk. In fact, after clarifying the general map of the pear fruit family, it is not difficult to answer this question.
The story of Kong Rong's pear is first seen in the "ShiShu Xinyu Notes", which says that Kong Rong knew how to give pears to his brothers when he was four years old. So, where is this most likely to happen at that time? According to the present, When Kong Rong was four years old, around 157 AD, his father Kong Zhu should have been serving as the commander of Yuancheng (元城, in modern Daming, Hebei). In 160 AD, Kong Zhu, who had made meritorious contributions to countering the rebellion, was promoted to Taishan Commandery (泰山郡, in present-day Tai'an, Shandong) as a capital lieutenant. According to the Han system, family members usually went with officials, so it was highly likely that Kong Rong would let pears occur in Daming County. Considering the limitations of preservation and transportation at that time, this "pear" is most likely produced in the Daimyo or its vicinity. Today's Daming County, except for a few townships still planted with pear trees, most of the area does not produce pears, and the nearest Wei County is the famous "duck pear town". Even if the scope is expanded a little, Liaocheng and Guanxian in Shandong, which are close to Daming and Tai'an, are also important pear producing areas.
There is no scientific basis for the fact that the mother pear is more delicious
When many people choose pears and buy pears, they often hear that pears are also divided into male and female pears, and female pears are more delicious than male pears. There are also many ways to identify the male and female of pears. For example, the "ass" is concave with the female pear, and the "ass" is convex by the male pear. This is actually a misunderstanding.
Li Xiaogang, a researcher at the Institute of Fruit Research of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and deputy director of the Pear Research Office, said that in botany, the fruit does not have a male and female distinction, and the folk customary name of the female pear and male pear is mainly the fruit difference formed by the different state of the sepal shedding state after the pear tree blossoms and bears fruit, the former is called "decoction fruit", and the latter is called "calyx fruit". This difference in appearance is mainly related to the variety, and there is also a certain correlation with the environment and cultivation measures. In fact, by intervening in pollination, applying growth regulators and other means can change the decarcalyx rate of pear fruit. However, the flavor of the pear is more related to the variety, place of origin, maturity, freshness, etc., for the same variety, the so-called male pear female pear in the pulp of the taste, nutritional composition and other aspects of the strict sense of significant differences.
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