Author: Shi Qian
Since 1940, this saying has been circulating in western Henan, "Henan four wildernesses, water, drought, locusts, soup." In those years, floods, droughts, locusts and other disasters continued for many years. Coupled with the "soup" disaster, it is the Kuomintang warlord Tang Enbo who carried out wanton expropriation and tyranny against the peasants. In 1942, Henan was a year of great drought, with thousands of miles of red land and no harvest of six grains. The landlord bully can buy ten acres of land for the poor with a bucket of grain. Natural and man-made disasters have forced the peasants to throw their families into ruin, and they are destitute and have no place to stand.
After coming to western Henan, the anti-Japanese advance detachment fought many victorious battles in a row, and at any time and place publicized the revolutionary principles to the peasants, explained the reasons for suffering poverty, and introduced the experience of the peasants in the old base area of Taihang in the struggle to turn themselves into anti-Japanese struggles. The truth of the revolution is like a bright light, illuminating the hearts of the people, and the poor peasants put forward this demand in unison: "Resist the war!" Fell! ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" >, a vigorous fall to the ground, every time the cadres of the Eighth Route Army went to a place, they were always followed by thousands of men, women and children who demanded to fall to the ground</h1>
On the morning of the second morning when Pi Dingjun and Xu Zirong led the detachment organs and the secret service company to Dengfeng Mayuchuan to participate in the anti-sweeping campaign, in Xiguanmao, where the Songshan Commissioner's Office was located, Commissioner Fan Hui was surrounded by a group of peasants who were not clothed, saying that they wanted to file a complaint with the democratic government, saying that in the years of disaster and famine, the family was too hungry to do anything, and the rich man bought the poor man's land with very little money.
Fan Hui summoned Shi Xiangsheng, director of the organization department of the Yuxi Prefecture Committee, and said to him: "Land is the lifeblood of the poor, and the land sold in the past is now how to reverse the law?" What if the landlord does not give? Please ask Xu Zirong, secretary of the Yuxi Prefectural Party Committee, and Pi Dingjun, deputy secretary of the Yuxi Prefectural Committee, as soon as possible. ”
Xu Zirong and Pi Dingjun quickly gave instructions: "Falling to the ground is a very good thing, we must do a good job, please write a 'land transfer method', the more specific the better, the wheat seedlings are transferred anywhere, and they are not allowed to be destroyed before handing over the land, otherwise, double the compensation." Notices may be issued, all counties may be printed, and a meeting of county chiefs may be convened. ”
Fan Hui and Shi Xiangsheng immediately convened a meeting of county chiefs of democratic governments in various counties, and Yanshi Li Xu, Gongxian Hao Chunbi, Zhao Jifu of Fenshui, Dong Jingzhai of Luoyang, Zhang Sixian of Yichuan, Zhang Jiejie of Linru, Zhiguo of Dengfengning, Ma Xinzhi of Mixian County, and Feng Guoyan of Rongyang attended the meeting.
At the meeting, Fan Hui read out the "Notice of the Land Transfer Law": The principle of the land transfer method stipulates that the poor can be rich, the rich can not be poor, and the rich and the poor are equal, and they should be handled through consultation.
During the period of famine, it is stipulated that from July 1, 31 to the end of July 32 and the end of September of the Republic of China, the land and real estate forced to be sold due to the famine shall be allowed to be recovered at the original price, and the land and real estate that have been issued shall be allowed to be redeemed at the original price.
The young seedlings on the ground are transferred with the redeemed land rights and are not allowed to destroy, otherwise, double the compensation.
3. Appurtenances on the land shall be returned in their original form. Compensation in case of damage is discretionary.
4. Once the land and real estate that should be redeemed are assessed and judged, the price and documents shall be paid in person at once.
5. Those who resist cunning or play tricks and opportunistically take advantage of each other shall be severely punished once they are verified.
Shi Xiangsheng said to the county magistrates: "I, Shi Xiangsheng, entrusted by Comrade Xu Zirong, secretary of the Yuxi Prefectural Cpc Committee, and Comrade Pi Dingjun, deputy secretary of the Yuxi Prefectural Cpc Committee, expressed my admiration to all the county magistrates. 'Falling to the ground' is a major event, and this will play a major role in opening up the work of the anti-Japanese base areas, promoting the development of production, and improving the people's living standards. There are a few points to note:
I. In the implementation of the 'Land Transfer Measures', each county may supplement it at any time according to the specific conditions of each county and the problems found. Second, all counties should organize task forces to ensure that each district has ten to fifteen people, and each district must also set up a task force and assign them to each village to work. With regard to 'falling to the ground,' it is necessary to form a mass political momentum. ”
Fan Hui added: "The notice of the land transfer measures has been uniformly printed and can be collected. ”
The "Land Transfer Measures" notice was posted at the heads of villages and villages in the Liberated Areas and on the market street. The peasants rushed to the temple fair and watched the drama, pouring under the notice, look! Read that! The poor peasants were rejoicing, and the landlords were shaking their heads.
Under the leadership of the anti-Japanese democratic government, the "movement to the ground" began in full swing. Whenever the cadres of the Eighth Route Army went to a place, they were always followed by thousands of men, women, and children who demanded to fall to the ground. The poor man took his weapon, beat the gong, beat the drum, and shouted gleefully, "Fall to the ground!" Fall to the ground! "When they arrived at the village, the cadres picked a stone and sat down, and immediately went through the formalities for falling to the ground. Sellers and buyers consulted in person, the masses commented on the spot, and government cadres made a ruling at that time, how much land should be poured, and what was sold for a few yuan and a few dimes before is still redeemed with a few yuan and a few dimes! So the two sides handed over money and paperwork on the other. This village was solved, and the mighty fallen procession went to another village.
After the notice was posted, the fall to the ground campaign was launched in western Henan. Xu Zirong went deep among the masses and personally led the fall movement. He told the cadres: "This is a major matter, and we must pay close attention to it and do it well." When this matter is done well, the people will support you 'Qingtian Grand Masters'! ”
During those years, prices soared, currencies depreciated, and the cost of redeeming land by sellers was greatly reduced. Of course, those landlord bullies are not willing to fall to the ground and try to sabotage the fall movement.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > Second, Pi Dingjun inspected the fall movement, and the rich man took the peasant's money, and the number was not mysterious</h1>
Once, Commander Pi Dingjun came to Xiaozhangzhuang to inspect the progress of the "fall to the ground" movement. When he entered the village with a few guards, cadres of the anti-Japanese democratic government were going through the formalities for falling to the ground. A rich man took the money from the peasants to redeem the land in one hand, did not count them, put the money in his bag, stuffed the documents into the hands of the peasants, and left in a panic. What about farmers? Receiving the paperwork, I opened it and looked at it, probably illiterate, so I put it in my pocket. When Pi Dingjun saw that there was something mysterious in this matter, he called out to the two people and said, "Don't go, let me see your documents and money." ”
He said that the peasants immediately handed over the documents to Pi Dingjun. The rich man's body trembled, twisted his head, and forced the spirit to hand over the money to Pi Dingjun. Pi Dingjun first looked at the money, and then at the paperwork. The paperwork is a new piece of linen paper, the handwriting on it is black and thick, but some parts of the paper are coated with soot and vegetable juice. Not paying attention seems to be a long time, a little attention, obviously just written text.
Pi Dingjun waved his hand, asked the cadres of the democratic government to stop first, and informed the masses to gather around. He said: "These two people redeemed the land, and the formalities for handing over money and documents were false, and then he publicly explained the great significance of the "movement to the ground" and the policy of uniting and resisting Japan. Finally, he pointed to the two men and said, "I see a problem with the procedures for the handover of your redemption land?" Be frank and lenient, resist strictly, and who feel that their formalities are fine, write a letter of guarantee to the government. The peasant who redeemed the land slapped his hand twice on his heart and said with a straight face: "Do not eat salt, do not thirst, do not do bad things, and are not afraid of ghosts calling the door." Erwa, come! Write a guarantee for us. ”
At this time, the rich man's face was wrinkled like a dry walnut, and his mouth was like a rope: "I... I..."
The crowd saw that he did not dare to speak boldly. Some people talk about policy, some people shout slogans, everyone talks about it, and finally the rich man says, "I... I...... This is a fake document I made! please...... Please forgive me, I brought the old papers. When he said this, the broad masses understood that the stubborn rich man and bully always wanted to change the sky.
Pi Dingjun came to Jiang Jiawa and dealt with one of the things that fell to the ground. A rich man, holding the hand of an old poor peasant, shouted loudly, saying that the ransom was one yuan. The more he shouted, the more timid the old poor peasant became, and he stepped back and could not answer. When Pi Dingjun saw this situation, he thought to himself, it must be that the old poor peasants fell to the ground and were worried about it, and there was not enough money for a time difference of one yuan to make up for this situation. So he walked up and said, "Is there really not enough money?" ”
When the rich man saw that it was an Eighth Route Army questioner, his voice lowered and said, "It's really not enough!" The difference is one yuan, and the contract clearly says that one pick three yuan Wujiao. He only gave me a second yuan wu corner. ”
Pi Dingjun said, "Take it and let me count?" When he took the money, he said, "You two look at the paperwork again, how much is written on it?" ”
When the buyer and seller began to look at the documents, Pi Dingjun took out a dollar from his bag and put it on the mat, and then counted and picked up three yuan Wujiao. He said to the rich man, "One pick up three yuan Wu Jiao, a little bit, how can you say it wrong." To give! You count again. ”
The rich man took the money, counted it again, and apologized and said, "Not bad, one pick up three yuan Wujiao, I checked... Wrong. He said and handed over the paperwork to the old poor peasant who had fallen to the ground.
When the old poor peasant received the document, he looked at Commander Pi Dingjun and shed tears of gratitude in his eyes. Then he held the contract document in both hands and walked to the burning pot and threw the paperwork into the furnace with great force.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > third, big bullies bully men and women, sabotage the movement to the ground, Pi Dingjun criticizes big bullies and executes big traitors</h1>
There is a big bully in Wuluo Village, Gongxian County, called Wei Gongmao, who has a lot of power in the whole county, and the masses call him "Nan Batian". He relied on the power of Liu Maoen, chairman of the Kuomintang's Henan Province, to run amok in the townships, doing no evil, and the masses hated him to the bone. In the "fall to the ground" movement, more than 500 acres of land could be redeemed from his hands, but he did not retreat from the land, and also threatened: "At that time, the poor sold the land for their lives." Now redeem the land, is my life in danger? At that time, I sold one acre of land to buy a chicken, and now I can only buy an egg by returning one acre of land, and I don't do it! "Although the village peasant associations and militia organizations have been established, they are not sound, and their work is in a state of paralysis, and there is nothing they can do about it.
When Pi Dingjun learned of this situation, he instructed the anti-Japanese democratic government in Gongxian County to seize Wei Gongmao's typical example and make a fool of himself.
Zhao Min, secretary of the Second District CPC Committee, came to Wuluo Village, improved the organization of the village peasant association, and fought to mobilize the long-term workers and servants of Wei Gongmao's family to report and expose his crimes, and achieved certain results.
January 20, 1945. The villages involved in the seat of the anti-Japanese government in Gong County became the first main battlefield for public trials and criticism meetings. At this meeting, first, it is necessary to publicly try and execute Yan Yaoqing, a traitor to the Great Han, and second, to criticize the great bully Wei Gongmao.
The venue was set up on an empty field near a small river. Early in the morning, a banner was hung on the front of the stage, which read: "Gong County Anti-Japanese Government Public Examination and Approval Fighting Conference." Set up a tweeter. The county independent regiment and the second district squadron stood guard and guarded the venue. Men and women flocked to the venue in teams from all directions, with more than 5,000 people.
Zhao Min announced loudly and loudly: "The criticism of the Wei Gongmao Conference begins now." ”
Wei Gongmao, dressed in a black robe. Standing in the defendant's seat, he loudly inspected in front of the microphone: "I, Wei Gongmao, 58 years old, a native of Wuluo Village in GongXian County, am a big bully, bullying people, and running rampant in the township: First, collecting rents and asking for debts, beating and cursing the people, at least no less than a hundred cases, maiming eleven elderly people, playing, insulting, and raping seventeen women." The most serious thing is that two of the newlywed women, after being insulted by me, hanged themselves, and I feel guilty to this day, and I am willing to pay 10,000 yuan for the funeral expenses of these two families.
At the beginning of the 'fall to the ground' movement, I was dissatisfied with the party's policy, so I instructed the sheep house to drive the sheep and destroy more than ten acres of wheat seedlings. Under the pretext of burning bricks and tiles, they also built kilns and cleared more than four acres of wheat. The "Land Transfer Measures" notice said that the wheat seedlings were transferred with the right to land, and the penalties for destroyers were doubled, and the fifteen acres of wheat seedlings were destroyed, and I was willing to pay 150,000 yuan in compensation. I immediately cashed in this 170,000 yuan indemnity. ”
The dog-legged Wei Yunhe pocketed a pocket and placed it on the defendant's table. He also handed Wei Gongmao a small red lacquered wooden box. Wei Gongmao opened the box and took out a large volume of documents and said, "I lost the lawsuit." In the year of famine, I bought five hundred and eighteen acres of land, which is a document, all of which are returned to the land sellers, and I do not want a penny for the return price of the land, because I owe too many accounts to the people. Then, he handed over the documents and indemnities to Zhao Min.
Wei Gongmao's confession was released with a loudspeaker, and the people in the audience listened quietly, and no one spoke. When he took out the indemnity and documents, everyone talked to each other and said: "The party's policy has broken through Wei Gongmao's fortress, and the people have won!" ”
Immediately after the public trial assembly began. The county magistrate Hao Chunyi pronounced the crime of traitor Yan Yaoqing.
...... A gunshot rang out.
The fortress was captured, the second district was shaken, and the whole county of Gong County was affected, and the "fall to the ground" movement was vigorously carried out in the countryside.
The work of "falling to the ground" began to be handled in the villages, and the number of poor peasants who "fell to the ground" gradually increased, plus many people watching the liveliness, and hundreds of people followed the county and district work teams every day. In order to facilitate the masses and expand their influence, the county and district task forces were assigned to each village and joined hands with the peasant associations of each village to handle the work of "falling to the ground" at the head of the village, and the procedures were simple. An old man who "fell to the ground" said: "My land is two acres and one cent, and on the third day of August in the thirty-second year of the Republic of China, twelve hundred yuan per acre, I sold it to land for six." ”
The registrant shouted: "Zhang Liu, are you there?" "In!" A thin old man answered the call and walked over to the registrant.
The registrant asked: "Wang Zhigong sold two acres and one point of land, and on the third day of August in thirty-two years, he sold you 1,200 yuan per acre, is it true?" ”
Zhang Liu said honestly while pulling out the documents: "Yes, this is a document." ”
"That's a land price of two thousand five hundred and twenty dollars."
The registrant announced, "Your business, two clear!" Go back and hand over the land. Next household. "And my two acres and eight points of land, which was also sold to Uncle Zhang Liu's family."
Zhang Liu responded, "Yes! Yes! There is also the Erwa family, I hold all the documents, come, let's hand over the affairs of the three families together."
The registrant shouted: "Are the land buyers Song Dabin, Song Dayan and Li Erran there?" "In", only Li Erran answered the call and walked to the registrant.
The registrant declared: "The returnees sent a message to Song Dabin and Song Dayan on behalf of the government, asking him to take the documents and talk back to him, force, formalities."
There were only more than thirty people in the Songshan Special Office, all of whom participated in the "falling to the ground" work; as soon as they moved, hundreds of people followed by the masses who "fell to the ground", consciously lining up to follow the staff. The army of fallen ground is coming! ”
Under the leadership of the anti-Japanese advance detachment in western Henan, the people of western Henan carried out the campaign of rent reduction and interest rate reduction and falling to the ground, and achieved great victories, ushering in the wheat harvest season in 1945. In the area of Yanshi County's Samchao Shop, the wheat grows particularly well, and the people say that it is a blessing brought by the Eighth Route Army.
One day, the peasants in the samson shop were harvesting wheat and beating the field, and the militiamen who were sentry ran down from Xuanyuan Pass to report that a hundred and ten people from the "Renyi Society", a traitor team in Dengfeng County, had come across the mountain to grab grain. The commanders and fighters of the Ninth Company of the Thirty-fifth Regiment, who lived in the samson shop, went to the Dragon Gate in the morning to fight an ambush, leaving only a few miscellaneous personnel. When everyone heard this, they panicked, gathered the militia to fight, and it was noon, some of them were cutting wheat in the field and had not yet returned home to eat, and some of them had eaten and led the cattle to roll and beat up the wheat. Standing on the wall of the village to see, there are wheat piles in the field, and the piles of wheat seeds are like pomegranate seeds. How can this be done? Immediately inform the masses to hide grain and clear the wilderness, but the time is too late. The soldiers and militia cadres left behind in the company were worried, when suddenly someone said, "Commander Pi is coming!" ”
Everyone saw that Commander Pi Dingjun and Deputy Commander Fang Shengpu were riding two large horses, followed by the guards, and walked to the gate of the village. The soldiers of the Ninth Company reported the situation to the two commanders, and Pi Dingjun went up to the wall and looked at it, and said to the militia cadres: "You go and inform the fellow villagers, men, women, and children, those who can work must work in the fields, cut the wheat that should be cut, fight the field, and the people sing and the horses hang their bells, the louder the better." "After hearing this, the militia cadres went to inform the villagers. Pi Dingjun also said to the miscellaneous personnel left behind by the company and the guards who came with them: "You have planted the red flag of the company on the tower of the gate of the village, and the people and horses are resting in the shade of the trees outside the gate of the village, and you are only allowed to sing for recreation, and you are not allowed to panic." After the arrangement, he and Fang Shengpu stood on the tower of the gate and held up a telescope to check the enemy's movements.
In less than a meal, the Songshan Xuanyuan on the south side of the samson shop closed, and more than a hundred people and horses appeared. This is Dengfeng's "Renyi Society" traitor team, led by "Jiao Qiye", ready to go to the sam-driving shop to grab grain. They walked over to the Fountain of Swords and stood still. Leaning down to look at the samboy shop, the common people cut the wheat, the field of the fight, the traitor captain saw from the telescope, the red flag on the upper floor of the chauffeur shop, under the shade of the trees, the military horses hissed. He looked at it for a moment and waved his hand! "Withdraw!"
These puppet soldiers and traitors, when they came, ran forty miles in one breath, tired and thirsty, and did not want to go down the mountain to grab grain again, and heard that "withdraw!" "Most people turn their heads and go. Only one agent walked up to the captain and asked, "Seventh Master, I have already inquired clearly, the Eighth Route Army that lives in the driving shop will go out this morning!" We have come here so hard, how can we withdraw it? ”
"Seventh Master Jiao" slapped the secret agent's face and said, "Blind! The Eighth Route Army has many tricks, people do not panic and do not chaos, there will be an ambush, and they will be sent to death in vain! ”
After the enemy retreated, Pi Dingjun immediately sent people to inform the commanders and fighters of the Ninth Company and tell them to return quickly to defend the wheat harvest.
The traitor team "Renyi Society" ran for ninety miles in vain, and not long after entering Dengfeng City, the Japanese devils called the captain of the traitor and scolded him bitterly, saying that he was as timid as a rat and hit the "empty city plan" of the eighth road. He also ordered him to quickly arrest people and send cars, and tomorrow Taijun would personally take them to the samson shop to grab grain.
The Ninth Company received the news that the Japanese were grabbing grain and quickly returned, and after the two commanders consulted with the company commander to Cheng Zhen, before the chicken could bark, the commanders and fighters of the whole company boarded Xuanyuan Pass. Xuanyuan Pass is one of the eight passes of Guluodu, but also one of the eight scenic spots of Zhongyue, the mountain is steep and steep, in ancient times a boardwalk went up the cliff, the top of the mountain is often foggy, there is "Xuanyuan early in the middle of the fog", close to the south of Xuanyuan Pass, is two mountains and a valley. At that time, the Xu (Chang) Luo (Yang) Highway had already passed through the valley. Japanese devils want to go to the sam-driving shop to grab food, which is the only way to go.
The company commander Xiang Chengzhen led the platoon leader to see the terrain through the starlight and ordered the soldiers to enter the position immediately. One row and the machine gun squad occupied two small hills on the west side of the road, and the second and third rows spread out on several commanding heights on the east side of the road, with command posts set up between two and three rows. In this way, the entire lineup is like an open "pocket", as long as the enemy enters the ambush circle, the Eighth Route Army immediately pierces the mouth of the bag, telling the enemy to be in a dilemma.
The soldiers who were ambushed at the top of the mountain waited, waited, waited, As soon as the warriors looked, sure enough, from the direction of dengfeng city, there appeared enemies squirming like ants. More than two hundred devils and puppet soldiers walked in front, followed by a group of captured ordinary people, and finally a few large cars, it seemed that the devils were going to grab grain.
When the warriors saw the enemy, their eyes were extremely red, and they were eager to knock down a few at once. Who knew that when the devils were about to enter the ambush circle of the Eighth Route Army, they saw that the terrain there was dangerous, afraid of being ambushed, a Japanese officer riding a high-headed horse, and a traitor riding a bicycle wearing sunglasses muttered for a while, and then the devils set up small steel cannons, grenadiers, light and heavy machine guns, and swept wildly on the high ground on both sides of the highway. Suddenly, the shells on the Position of the Eighth Route Army exploded and the dust flew, but the soldiers remained motionless and hidden.
The enemy made a random fight, but did not notice any change on the hillside, the ghost officer picked up the telescope and looked at the hills on both sides, raised his hand, and shouted strangely, "Situ Mai - Tu Mai" (meaning to advance) In the enemy, he swung into the "pocket" of the Eighth Route Army.
The devils and the puppet army soon entered the ambush circle, just leaving the captured masses outside the circle, and at this moment, the company commander shouted to Cheng Zhen; "Fight! "Rifles and machine guns on the slopes on both sides fired at the enemy in unison, and grenades also blossomed in the enemy group. The enemy was struck by the Eighth Route Army's sudden blows, like ants in a chaotic nest, swirling around in groups, and the captured people heard the gunshots and had already turned around and ran away.
Taking advantage of the enemy's confusion, the company commander ordered the trumpeters to blow up the charge trumpet, and the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army rushed into the enemy group with their guns like fierce tigers descending the mountain, shooting from a distance and stabbing closely, killing the heavens, stabbing forward and then, poking left and right, and in less than a meal, the enemy was killed or wounded. The devilish officer took the remnants of the defeated general and turned around and fled south. The Eighth Route Army had been forcing the devils to the Ten Mile Shop, and then returned to the Sam Cha Shop with the victory products.
About author:Shi Kui, history teacher at colleges and universities, history researcher. He has been cultivating the history of the Party, the Military and the History of War for a long time. History lovers are welcome to exchange criticisms.