This article can be seen as a supplement to the Austrian emperors in "The Voice of the Fallen", some characters will make us confused if they only listen to the names, but in the movie "Princess Sisi" corresponding to the various characters, it will produce this feeling - it is him.
The Austrian Empire did not exist for many years in total, and if you do not count the previous period of the Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Empire was actually from August 10, 1804 to November 12, 1918, and the State of Zuoman was counted for 114 years, and the middle was called the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. There were four generations of emperors, namely Franz II, Ferdinand I, Franz Joseph I, and Karl I.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Franz II</h1>
Franz II was the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the founding Emperor of the Austrian Empire, hence the name Franz I within the Austrian Empire.
After the rise of Napoleon and the First French Empire, the Holy Roman Empire lost all of its italian lands, and the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Austria shrank significantly. In this context, in order to curb Napoleon's ambitions, Franz II consolidated the remaining Grand Duchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic), the Kingdom of Hungary and Poland on August 10, 1804, and established the Austrian Empire.
Franz II formed a third coalition against France, but still suffered a crushing defeat to Napoleon, the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, Vienna, was breached, and Austria's strength was severely damaged. In retaliation after the war, Napoleon demanded on 6 August 1806 that Franz II revoke the title of Holy Roman Empire, and Deutschland was officially destroyed.
Franz II retained only the title of Emperor of Austria and had to marry napoleon to his daughter Marie Luisa. But the anti-French warrior Franz II did not die, and of the six anti-French alliances on the European continent, Franz II participated in four of them, namely, the second, third, fifth and sixth, especially the fifth anti-French alliance, the Austrian Empire activated Archduke Karl, who was the younger brother of Franz II, who defeated Napoleon for the first time and broke the myth of the invincibility of the First French Empire.
Napoleon's blows against the Austrian Empire were all-encompassing, and Franz II's four anti-French alliances greatly depleted the austrian Empire's national strength, making it inferior to Prussia in the German Alliance, laying the groundwork for the subsequent defeat in the Austro-Prussian War and the exclusion of Greater German unification.
Franz II had two sons, the eldest son was Ferdinand I, who later ascended the throne, and the second son was Grand Duke Franz Karl, the deaf aristocratic old man who always spoke bravo in "Princess Sissi", and the father-in-law of Franz Joseph I, princess Sissi.
Archduke Franz Karl in Princess Sissi
By the way, the Beheaded Empress Marie Antonette, who ate Louis XVI during the French Revolution, was the aunt of Franz II.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ferdinand I</h1>
Ferdinand I's mother, Maria Teresa, was a double cousin of Franz II, in short, a close relative who could not be any closer, which led to Ferdinand suffering from severe epilepsy and hydrocephalus, a problem with his nervous system, and a largely poor speaker.
Although Ferdinand I had serious physical health problems, he was not stupid, he insisted on keeping a diary every day, and now it is also well read, but the epilepsy of multiple seizures every day affected his administration. When the Revolution broke out in Europe in 1848, he announced his abdication and passed the throne to his nephew, Franz Joseph I, the son of archduke Franz Karl mentioned above.
Unlike the famous Chinese emperor Sima Zheng, Ferdinand I said something that seemed to have great meaning, and when the revolutionary wave of 1848 approached Innsbruck, Ferdinand I asked Prime Minister Metternich what was going on, and May replied that there was a revolution outside. Ferdinand I said: "Have they been licensed?" ”
In "Princess Sisi", Archduke Franz Karl once said that when he saw Princess Sisi when she was a child, she fled Innsbruck in a chaotic way, which was the scene of the Austrian and Bavarian royal families fleeing during the Revolution of 1848. Innsbruck has always been the main residence of the Austrian Habsburg family and the headquarters of the famous Swarovski.
Located at the headquarters of Swarovski in Innsbruck, Austria, this eerie building is a museum
Ferdinand I married but had no children and spent the rest of his life in Prague after his abdication.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Franz Joseph I</h1>
Franz Joseph I, played by Carl Heinz Boehm, in Princess Sissi, is the husband of Princess Sissi
Franz Joseph I ruled the Austrian Empire for 68 years, the longest reigning emperor of the entire empire.
Franz Joseph I ascended the throne on 3 December 1848. At the beginning of the reign, the Austrian Empire threatened Prussia with force and forced the other side to sign the Treaty of Olmits, and Prussia was forced to dissolve the German Confederation and submit to Austria. This was the last time Austria had the upper hand in the struggle against Prussia.
Franz Joseph I's early years of governance style is more freehand, many military failures are caused by his wrong decisions, such as the Austrian Empire's intervention in the Crimean War in 1853, which caused the departure of russia, an ally of the world, and the international community also regarded him as a small man who did not actually participate in the war. In 1859, he miscalculated the situation and intervened in the war for the unification of Italy, resulting in the loss of northern Italian territory.
The defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 forced the Austrian Empire to turn to the Balkans and began to compensate for the growing national contradictions in the country. In February 1867, Franz Joseph I formally reorganized the Austrian Empire into a dualistic Austro-Hungarian Empire in order to improve Hungary's position within the Empire, and it was Princess Sissi, the wife of Franz Joseph I, who was responsible for this diplomatic event.
In the late years of his reign, with the unification of Prussia and the establishment of German II, he had completely abandoned the dream of restoring the dominance of austria-Hungary in the German alliance, and began to ally with Kaiser Wilhelm I, diplomatically following the diplomatic tactics of German Prime Minister Bismarck and participating in the German alliance to suppress France. In July 1914, he declared war on Serbia because of the events in Sarajevo, triggering World War I, and two years later, in 1916, he died quietly at the age of 86.
The father of Franz Joseph I was the aforementioned Grand Duke Franz Karl, and his mother was Princess Sophie, the third daughter of King Maximilian I of Bavaria, who was the mother-in-law who saw Sissi in the movie. After Franz Joseph I ascended the throne, she became Empress Dowager of the Austrian Empire.
The Empress Dowager of Austria in Princess Sissi
Her sister, Princess Ludovika, the fifth daughter of Maximilian I, married Duke Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria and was the mother of Princess Sissi.
Duke and Lady Maximilian in Princess Sissi
In 1854, at the age of 24, Franz Joseph I married his 17-year-old cousin, Princess Sissi. In 1858, his eldest son, Crown Prince Rudolf, was born.
Crown Prince Rudolf in history
In 1889, Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide, which dealt a huge blow to Princess Sissi, who had a very unfortunate life after marriage, and she began to travel around Europe, and was assassinated by Italian anarchists in Geneva in 1898. Franz Joseph I made his nephew Franz Ferdinand the new Crown Prince.
Franz Ferdinand was the son of Archduke Karl Ludwig, and this Archduke Karl Ludwig, also the son of Archduke Franz Karl, the younger brother of Franz Joseph I, was the first young man of the Austrian royal family seen by Princess Sissi in the film, and the unfortunate child Ludwig who later gave great courtesy to Princess Sisi before the start of the ball.
Archduke Karl Ludwig in Princess Sissi
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Sarajevo incident</h1>
In 1899, Franz Ferdinand married the Czech Countess Sofia Schottek, which caused an uproar in the Austrian court, but because of the crown prince's tough attitude and the international situation was not optimistic, Franz Joseph I had to agree to this affair, but also announced that Franz Ferdinand's descendants were disqualified from inheriting the imperial throne.
The Franz Ferdinand family in 1910
On 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia made a special visit to Sarajevo, preparing for a special visit to so that Sophia could not enjoy the respect she could not enjoy at the Viennese court.
At that time, the international background was on the verge of burning, and the European capitalist countries stepped into the ranks of imperialism, and gradually divided into two spheres of influence in the competition for the supply of raw materials and the commodity market: the Trilateral Entente headed by Britain, France and Russia, and the Allies dominated by Germany and Austria.
At the beginning of 1905, a crisis broke out in Morocco in North Africa, and France signed agreements with Britain, Italy, and Spain to stipulate the sphere of influence of the parties in Morocco. Germany II wanted to take advantage of the Moroccan crisis to occupy the North African market and thus crowd out France. Kaiser Wilhelm II declared his desire for Morocco's independence, but was rejected by the United States, Russia, Britain and other countries. Deutsches began to search for a second battlefield, so he set his sights on the Balkans, and Wilhelm II, in a meeting with Franz Ferdinand, recommended that Austria-Hungary annex Serbia and promised military assistance if necessary.
On June 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary held military exercises in its own Bosnia, using neighboring Serbia as a hypothetical enemy. The news of the incident sent nerves to Serbian nationalists, who on the same day lay an ambush in Sarajevo by a Serbian youth named Gafigri Principe, who drew his gun and shot him as Franz Ferdinand drove by, killing the crown prince and princess. Subsequently, austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, and Germany II also issued an ultimatum to the massive concentration of French and Russian forces, and then the parties declared war, and World War I broke out.
Sarajevo incident
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the last emperor, Karl I</h1>
After the death of Franz Ferdinand, his nephew Karl I (Charles I), who was also the grandnephew of Franz Joseph I, was made crown prince by Franz Joseph I and ascended the throne in 1916.
He was the grandson of Archduke Karl Ludwig, and his father, Archduke Otto Franz, was the second son of Archduke Karl Ludwig and the younger brother of Franz Ferdinand.
Karl I was peace-loving and considered the First World War to be a foolish war. When he ascended the throne, he hoped to take austria-Hungary out of the war. In 1917, he secretly negotiated peace with France and Italy, hoping to withdraw from the war. France demanded that Austria-Hungary recognize its territorial claims to Alsace and Lorraine lost in the Franco-Prussian War, while Italy wanted Austrian territory in the southern Alps. Karl I agreed with France's request, but firmly disagreed with Italy's request. After the secret treaty was exposed, Karl I was disliked by both Germany and Austria-Hungary, and made him thankless.
In 1918, U.S. President Wilson proposed the Fourteen Articles of Wilson Agreement, calling for the independence of all ethnic groups in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Karl I agreed. On 14 October, at a cabinet meeting, it was hoped that a federal state with autonomy for all nationalities would be established, but the reform could not be contained as soon as the mouth was opened, and soon all the peoples became independent, and the Austrian republicans repudiated the monarchy and withdrew from the First World War.
On 11 November 1918, Karl I renounced any administration, but not the throne. The next day, the Austro-Hungarian flag was raised for the last time in Vienna, which was subsequently landed, Austria declared a republic, and Karl I was forced to leave Vienna. In March 1919, Karl I traveled to Switzerland, and in April, the Republic of Austria proclaimed the deposing of Karl I, thus bringing the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the end.
Karl I tried twice in 1921 to restore, but without success, and died of pneumonia in 1922 at the age of 34. His wife, Empress Zita, had been living in Switzerland and wore black all her life, and in 1981, at the behest of the King of Spain, she was able to return to Vienna.
The eldest son of Karl I was Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of the Habsburg royal family, born in 1912, and after the death of Karl I in 1922, at the age of 10 he became patriarch of the Habsburg family and crown prince of the Austrian Empire.
Otto von Habsburg
In 1961, Otto von Habsburg renounced all attempts to seek restoration and returned to Austria to obtain Austrian citizenship. After World War II, Otto von Habsburg was a member of the European Union for 20 years, and on July 4, 2011, he died, and his funeral once again sounded Haydn's divine comedy "God Bless My Emperor Franz", nearly 207 years after Franz II established the Austrian Empire.
The son of Otto von Habsburg, born in 1961, was the last emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire by blood. In March 2020, it was reported that he was infected with COVID-19, and by late June, God bless the Habsburgs, he was tested again and had recovered his health.
Mr. and Mrs. Otto von Habsburg and Karl von Habsburg, now they have separated
The Carl von Habsburg family attends the funeral of Otto von Habsburg
Finally, a diagram is used to illustrate the relationship between the four emperors.
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