Today marks the 110th anniversary of the Outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising and the Xinhai Revolution. When it comes to the Wuchang uprising, its organizers and leaders are often overlooked, giving the impression that the uprising seemed to have been sudden and launched entirely by grassroots soldiers. In fact, the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising was closely linked to three characters with "Wu" in their names: Jiang Yiwu, Sun Wu, and Zhang Zhenwu. The three were known as the "Shouyi Sanwu" or "Xinhai Sanwu".
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Jiang Yiwu: Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Army and "Founding Fathers"</h1>
Jiang Yiwu (1884-1913) was a native of Lixian County, Hunan. He successively entered the Hunan West Road Normal School and the Chinese Public School, joined the League in 1907, and later joined the Wuhan New Army. In March 1911, the Zhenwu Society, a revolutionary group in the Forces nouvelles, was renamed the Literary Society, and he was elected president.
Jiang Yiwu persisted in creating momentum through public opinion, and successively participated in or hosted the "Jingye Xun Bao", "Business Daily", "Dajiang Bao", "Minxin Bao", etc., and actively publicized the idea of democratic revolution. He actively campaigned for the Forces nouvelles and took the path of armed seizure of power. When presiding over the Zhenwu Society and the Literary Society, he regarded the new army of the movement as the main task, accumulating strength and making full organizational preparations for the arrival of the climax of the democratic revolution.
On September 24, 1911, the Literary Society held a joint meeting with the leading cadres of another revolutionary group in Hubei, the Communist Progressive Association. At the meeting, Liu Gong, the leader of the Communist Progressive Party, was elected as the premier of the military government, Jiang Yiwu was appointed as the provisional commander-in-chief (provisional commander-in-chief) of the revolutionary army, and Sun Wu, another leader of the Communist Progressive Party, was appointed as the chief of staff.
On October 9, due to the exposure of the uprising plan, the military and police searched everywhere to arrest people, and Jiang Yiwu took the opportunity to escape. After the outbreak of the uprising, on the 12th, Jiang Yiwu rushed back to Wuchang and served as a military adviser and liaison envoy of the Hubei military government, running between Wuchang and Hankou. He was later appointed deputy director of the Military Affairs Department of the Hubei Military Government. On November 27, after Huang Xing left Han, he was promoted to be the superintendent of the wartime general headquarters, and later took over as the commander-in-chief of nursing, responsible for command.
After the achievements of the Xinhai Revolution were stolen by Yuan Shikai, Jiang Yiwu opposed Yuan Shikai's dictatorship and refused to co-opt him. Yuan Shikai appointed him as a lieutenant general, and with the title of general, he insisted on not resigning.
After the outbreak of the Second Revolution, Jiang Yiwu was appointed as an envoy to Eyu and sent to Yueyang to arrange troops. After the defeat, he avoided Guangxi and was arrested in Jeonju. Lu Rongting, the governor of Guangxi, sent a telegram to Yuan Shikai, urging him to kill Jiang Yiwu quickly to avoid any trouble. On September 9, 1913, Jiang Yiwu gave a speech on revolutionary righteousness to the onlookers at the Guilin Execution Ground, sitting on the red carpet and calmly taking justice. During his detention, Jiang Yiwu wrote four poems on righteousness, showing the awe-inspiring revolutionary integrity of righteousness.
Jiang Yiwu was an outstanding democratic revolutionary activist in modern China and the main organizer and leader of the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution. Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Jiang Yiwu
"Wuchang in Xinhai is difficult, with public merit as the crown."
Jiang Yiwu was called the "founding father" of the Republic of China. In 1921, Sun Yat-sen personally inscribed "The founding father Of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Jiang Yiwu, was righteous" with twelve characters, and asked Hu Hanmin to write an inscription.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhang Zhenwu: The first martyr of the Xinhai Revolution</h1>
Zhang Zhenwu (1877-1912) was a native of Luotian, Hubei Province. In his early years, he graduated from Zhushan County Higher School, and later entered hubei normal school, and was influenced by teachers to germinate anti-Qing revolutionary ideas. After the Sino-Japanese War, he sold his property to study at Waseda University in Japan at his own expense, studied law and politics, and joined the sports club to learn the laws of attack and defense. In 1905, he helped Xu Xilin to avoid Nagasaki, Japan, and joined the League in the same year. After graduating in 1907, he returned to China as a primary school teacher, during which time he was arrested for propagating anti-Qing revolutionary ideas. In 1909, he joined the Communist Progressive Association and was responsible for finances.
After the uprising broke out on October 9, 1911, Zhang Zhenwu contacted representatives of all parties and agreed to raise the matter at 7 p.m. on the 10th. After the Wuchang Uprising, he participated in the formation of the Hubei Military Government, serving as vice minister of military affairs and acting ministerial post. He personally went to the front line to motivate the soldiers and command the battle; The issuance of vernacular proclamations expounding the general principles of the revolution and the essentials of combat, and recruiting and surrendering Qing soldiers, demonstrating outstanding military ability and boldness.
Zhang Zhenwu has a strong and confident personality and is frank. He was deeply dissatisfied with Li Yuanhong's control of the political situation in Hubei, and advocated going to Li to raise up another virtuous ability, which was taboo for Li. In 1912, Yuan Shikai recruited Zhang Zhenwu and the backbone of the Hubei general regiment to Beijing. On the night of August 15, Zhang Zhenwu was bound by ambush soldiers on the way back to the north at a banquet, and was killed in the early morning of the 16th without interrogation.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Sun Wu: The experience is complicated to end</h1> well
Sun Wu (1879-1939) was a native of Xiakou, Hubei Province. In his early years, he was admitted to the Wuchang Wubei Academy, participated in the Uprising of the Self-Reliant Army, and went to Japan to study military affairs. In 1905, he joined the Wuchang Rizhi Association and assisted in the establishment of Jianghan Public School. In August 1907, he organized the Communist Progressive Association in Tokyo with Jiao Dafeng and others, and served as the director of the Military Affairs Department, and was soon promoted to the main league of Hubei and returned to Hubei to plan the revolution. In 1911, he was elected chairman by the Wuhan Communist Progressive Association, the Literary Society and other groups, and served as the chief of staff of the Revolutionary Army.
On October 9, 1911, Sun Wu and others accidentally exploded during a trial bomb production in the Russian concession of Hankou, causing a military and police search. Sun Wu was injured by the explosion and secretly admitted to the hospital. The Wuchang Uprising was forced to start ahead of schedule, and because Sun Wu and Jiang Yiwu avoided disasters respectively, the dragons were leaderless, and Li Yuanhong was pushed to be the governor of Hubei.
After the Wuchang Uprising, Sun Wu served as the minister of military affairs of the Hubei military government, and Jiang Yiwu and Zhang Zhenwu served as vice ministers. Sun Wu believed that the merit of Wuchang's first righteousness lay in the Communist Progressive Association, and since the beginning of the establishment of the Hubei military government, he had regarded himself as a "hero" and colluded with Li Yuanhong to combat and exclude dissidents. During the peace talks between the north and the south, Sun Wu went to Nanjing, hoping to obtain the post of deputy army chief of the provisional government, but Huang Xing refused. Indignant, he broke away from the League, established a "people's society" on his own, and supported Li Yuanhong and Yuan Shikai.
In February 1912, a "second revolution" occurred in Hubei, with the main goal of attacking Sun Wu, who was forced to resign and was later hired by Yuan Shikai as a senior adviser. In 1915, he openly supported Yuan Shikai's claim to the throne.
After Yuan Shikai's death, Sun Wu lived in seclusion for a long time, occasionally serving as the inspector of land and acres, the inspector of official mines and other idle posts. In 1935, he refused Japan's invitation to hold a pseudo-post. On November 10, 1939, Sun Wu died of illness at the Nianhua Temple in Beijing, and was praised by the Nationalist government.
Summary: The "three martial arts" of Wuchang's first righteousness are all heroic masters of the moment, they threw themselves into the revolution early, stood up to the tide of the times at the age of twenty or thirty, and vigorously advocated raising things in Wuchang, ascending to a high level and responding to the world, contributing to the Xinhai Revolution, the merit is in the annals of history, and the name is marked in history!
Among the three, Jiang Yiwu and Zhang Zhenwu were committed to revolution, their sharp edges were obvious, they were feared and hated by the enemy in the complicated times, and they unfortunately died young, which is deplorable. Sun Wusu had a desire for leadership, and when he failed to fight for power, he turned to the enemy, moved against the tide of history, and was abandoned by the people. In his later years, he maintained his national integrity and had to die a good death, fortunately! However, the history of his life's meritorious deeds and moral character has its own evaluation, among the three people, Jiang Yiwu is the first, Zhang Zhenwu is the second, and Sun Wu is the third.