A poem and a pipe, he is not only the poet and fighter in your impression, he is also one of the most interesting, talented, and backbone literati of that era... He just smells a lot.
On July 15, 75 years ago, the poet, scholar, and staunch patriotic democracy fighter Wen Yiduo passed away. Zhu Ziqing commented on him: "You are a fire that shines through the abyss; you are a fire that illuminates the ancient times, you are a fire that illuminates the devil and burns yourself..."
01
poet
In 1910, Wen Yiduo came to Wuchang from his hometown and was admitted to the Higher Primary School affiliated to the Lianghu Normal School.
After a while, this teenager who came out of the isolated town was actually admitted to tsinghua school.
Tsinghua School was founded with the "Gengzi Indemnity" refunded by the United States, stipulating that students should enroll before the age of 14, and after eight years of study, all of them will be sent to the United States to study. Wen Yiduo has a high passion for art, and he also became the first Tsinghua graduate to study art in the United States.
At that time, Wen Yiduo also tried to participate in the annual exhibition held in New York.
However, Wen Yiduo painted behind closed doors for a month, and drove out one or two dozen paintings, but the news he got was that only one portrait of an American detective had won a gold star.
This may have been a heavy blow to Wen Yiduo, but it also strengthened his determination to give up studying art and turn to poetry. In his second year of studying in the United States, he published his first collection of poems, Red Candles.
In 1925, in the face of the shattering of domestic mountains and rivers and the rampant power, Wen Yiduo, who was on the other side of the ocean, wrote "Song of the Seven Sons".
Did you know that "Macau" is not my real surname?
I've been away from you for too long, Mother!
But what they took away was my flesh,
You still keep my soul in me.
What a dream birth mother for three hundred years!
Please call me "Macau"!
Mother! I'm coming back, Mother!
The seven sons wept, and the poet sang alone. The cry of "Mother, I want to come back" is the sorrow and longing of the wandering wanderers, and it is also the concern of the mother of the motherland.
Also in 1925, he wrote "I Am Chinese", which was full of praise and love for his motherland.
I am the history of the past five thousand years,
I am the history of the next five thousand years.
I want to repair this stage of history,
Prepare for rehearsals for the future of history.
Our history in the future is a song:
There is also the music of Haiyan Heqing.
Our history in the future is a glass of wine,
He also offered his life to the Emperor in the Golden Chamber.
Our future history is tears,
My tears wash away the sorrows of mankind.
Our history in the future is laughter,
My laughter drives away the troubles of the universe.
We are a river, a river of heaven,
A muddy wave of light! ——
We are forty thousand immortal stars;
Our position is forever predestined.
Great nation! Great nation!
I am the originator of Oriental culture;
My life is the life of the world.
I am Chinese, I am Chinese!
Someone said, "The state is corrupt, ugly everywhere, not worthy of love." Wen Yiduo retorted bitterly: "No, as long as it is your motherland, no matter how ugly and evil it is, you must love her." "The poet's gift is love, love for his country, love for his people."
02
scholar
In 1932, Wen Yiduo returned from abroad to Tsinghua Garden, which had been separated for ten years. Prior to this, because he had tasted the bitterness of discrimination against Chinese in the United States, Wen Yiduo returned to the motherland in advance with patriotic enthusiasm and ardent expectations.
After returning to China, Wen Yiduo stayed in Tsinghua for five years, which can be said to be the most stable period of Wen Yiduo's life. Wen Yiduo made a huge academic plan for himself, from "Mao Poems" and "Chu Ci" to "Quan Tang Poems", all of which were included in his scope of study.
In July 1937, the National War of Resistance broke out. He moved to Kunming with the university and served as a professor at Southwest Union University after the merger of Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University.
When I was at the Southwest United University, according to the students' recollections, many professors at that time loved to use the name of the zhai, such as Mr. Zhu Ziqing's zhai name was "Xianyu Bo Zhai", Mr. Wei Jiangong's study was called "Learning Without Flawless", and one professor gave Wen Yiduo the name of zhai : "Why bother with the owner of the building". Because Wen Yiduo concentrated on his studies, he always shut himself in the library and did not go downstairs.
He used a large rectangular board as a desk, "manuscripts of various sizes are lined up in a categorical manner." He was energetic, had the greatest research interests, the widest range, worked hard, and often stayed up late at night. Monographs and papers such as "Chu Ci School Supplement", "Lefu Poetry Notes", "Zhuangzi Inner Article Proofreading", "From the Human Head and Snake Body to the Dragon and totem", and "Miscellaneous Treatises on Tang Poetry" were all written and published here. ”
When Wen Yiduo taught at the Southwest United University, he taught courses such as "Poetry Classic", "Chu Ci", "Ancient Mythology", and "Tang Poetry".
Wang Zengqi recalled the interesting things he heard about "Chu Ci" and "Ancient Mythology".
"Mr. Wen lit his pipe, and those of us who could smoke also lit cigarettes (Mr. Wen's class can smoke), and Mr. Wen opened his notes and began to speak: 'Drinking bitterly, reading 'Leaving the Troubles', can be a celebrity.'" Mr. Wen's notebook was large, a foot and a half long and nearly a foot wide, and was written on special raw paper. The characters are in block letters, the font is slightly longer, and the strokes are not scrupulous."
Wen Yiduo taught ancient mythology, "pictures and texts are rich", "he used a whole sheet of raw paper and ink to draw various portraits of Fuxi and Nüwa, nailed them to the blackboard with pins, verbally speaking finger paintings, sound and color, strict organization, brilliant literary style, high and low, fascinating." Mr. Wen is a good actor. Fuxi Nuwa was originally a rather boring subject, but hearing Mr. Fuxi's lectures made people feel a kind of beauty, the beauty of thought, the beauty of logic, and the beauty of talent."
The Preface to Mao's Poems says: "The inadequacy of the chant, the lack of the dance of the hand." The whole class is like a wonderful stage play, he performs and conducts freely, and all the words, shapes, and passions make people feel overwhelmed and impressed.
One of his former students, Zheng Linchuan, later recalled this:
"A few of our classmates who were writing papers from outside set up a temporary bunk in the corner of the room on the right side of the dining room downstairs. During the day, everyone reads in the library, checks or copies materials, and sometimes when they are sleepy, they go downstairs to take a walk around the fields and dams outside, and then dry when their spirits are restored. But the gentleman was sitting upright at his desk, and it was difficult to see him walking up and down.
Every night, a few of us used the daytime dining table downstairs as a desk, copying and writing under the dim oil lamp. Late at night we had turned off the lights and went to bed, only to see that the light was still on the window of the husband, and we had not yet gotten up in the early morning, and the light in the window of the gentleman had already been lit.
In this way, Mr. Li's diligent and hard-working life of going to bed late and getting up early has corrected our usual misunderstanding of him, thinking that Mr. Li's lectures are wonderful and moving, but only because his mind is particularly clever, and now I know that his success in teaching and scholarship is completely derived from practical work and tireless efforts. ”
03
warrior
When moving west from Changsha Provisional University to form the Southwest United University, Professor Wen Yiduo and other professors and male classmates who passed the physical examination left the bank of the Xiang River and began a three-thousand-mile trekking trip to the southwest.
He said: "During the period of national disaster, walking thousands of miles is not a sin. Moreover, before I was fifteen years old, bound by an ancient family, I studied in Tsinghua, studied abroad, and after returning to China, I have been teaching in major cities, living the life of a fake foreign devil, and isolated from the vast countryside. Although he is a Chinese, he knows very little about Chinese society and people's lives. It's time to get to know the motherland! ”
He also grew his beard and declared: The war is not victorious, and he vows not to shave.
On August 15, 1945, Emperor Hirohito of Japan announced Japan's unconditional surrender. Wen Yiduo, who had received the news of The Japanese beggars earlier, jumped up with joy and immediately went to the small barber shop in town and shaved off the long hair that had been left for 8 years.
"The War of Resistance is to return, and ju heng meets: non-war is over, do not go abroad." The strong man bends his knees, and victory comes. Yu Tang was also invited by Oxford, and Guo Was victorious to travel to a foreign land. Believe it! There will be glory in the nation and then there will be glory in the individual. ”
This is a parting message written by Wen Yiduo to his friend Sun Yutang shortly after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
At that time, Sun Yutang, then a professor at the Department of Chinese of Southwest United University, was ready to go to the United Kingdom to serve as a visiting researcher at Queen's College, Oxford University, on the recommendation of Wen Yiduo. He himself, who could have taught at the University of California, chose to advance and retreat with his homeland, saying that the youth of the North needed me. He hopes to build a new China!
On December 1, 1945, the Southwest United masters and students launched a patriotic democratic movement against the civil war, and four young students died in the "One Two One" movement.
Wen Yiduo personally wrote an elegy for the martyrs who died: "The people are not afraid of death, but they are afraid of death." At the time of the funeral, he walked at the forefront of the procession with a cane and wrote "The Beginning and End of the 121 Movement", exposing the truth of the tragedy and calling on "undead soldiers to continue fighting on the blood of the four martyrs".
Wars are raging, prices are soaring, survival is above, life is below. When the economy was very poor, some professors began to raise pigs to subsidize the family, and Wen Yiduo had to sell literature and seal for others.
"My twenty years of life are buried in ancient books and ancient characters, what is the use... Now, there is no need to say anything about the conditions of research, and even the lives of the minimum people are not guaranteed. The country is so bad that we don't come out to speak again, when will we have to wait? ”
"In the most nervous days, my mother didn't want my father to go out and give a speech. But my father told my mother that now it is like a boat in the wind and waves, and if those of us who are at the helm and rowing boats run away at this time, do not come out to participate in work, and preside over the cause of democracy, how can we be worthy of the dead? ”
On July 15, Wen Yiduo resolutely made his last speech. He shouted, "We step out of the gate on our front feet, and we don't prepare to step into the gate on our back feet." Justice cannot be killed, because truth always exists."
In the afternoon, he presided over a press conference for Democracy Weekly to further expose the truth about the assassination. After the meeting was adjourned, Wen Yiduo, on the way home, was suddenly ambushed by Kuomintang agents and was hit by more than ten bullets...
Wen Yiduo was born a poet, patriot, and democracy fighter
He wants enthusiasm, strength
It is a life like fire
His life was too short
There's still time to take a good look
The light he fought for
He ordered him to fall in front of his house
His life was too long
"Burn yourself, and a new China will burst out of the embers!"
To die is to forget
He will live forever
Live like tonight
Mourn every night
Editor: Jiang Ziyi (Intern)
Source: Comprehensively compiled from Xinhua Net, CCTV News, Guangming Daily, etc
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