"Chongyang" is a traditional festival with a history of more than 2,000 years, which was popularized in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty.
Countless literati in ancient times once climbed high on this festival to admire chrysanthemums and drink.
"Nine days to ascend to the high, the sky is far away from the trees low", "September 9 to look at the township platform, he sat in other places to send guest cups", "rain and sun hedges chrysanthemums first incense, people say that this day is heavy sun"...
The "Chongyang poem" to be talked about today was written by The Tang Dynasty Emperor Cui Shu, and the momentum was majestic, and posterity commented: There is Li Du's tone.
"Nine Days to See Sendai Presents Liu Ming Fu Rong"
Emperor Wen of Han had a high platform, and on this day he ascended to dawn and opened.
The Three Jins Cloud Mountains are all northward, and the Erling Wind and Rain come from the east.
Closing the door ordered Yin who could recognize, the river immortals could not return.
And want to find Peng Zezai closely, Tao Ran drunk chrysanthemum cup.
Many poets of the Tang Dynasty were full of poetry and books, and their literary style was soaring, but they were proper "examination scum", such as "poetry saint" Du Fu, the head of the Landscape Pastoral Poetry School Meng Haoran had all lost in the imperial examination, Meng Jiao had taken the examination three times, and finally entered the army and the first at the age of forty-six, and Luo Yin of the late Tang Dynasty was said to be "not the first in the ten".
And Cui Shu not only passed the entrance examination, but also won the first place, that is, the champion, which can be said to be quite powerful.
According to historical records, he was the cousin of Cui Zhi, one of the "Ten Talents of the Great Calendar", whose parents died early and his family was poor, and he once lived in seclusion in Shaomu Mountain.
In the twenty-sixth year of the new century, that is, in 738 AD, he took the imperial examination and wrote a poem "Fire Pearl of the Ming Hall of the Feng test", which impressed the examiners and countless scribes.
In the poem, the cloud "the night comes with a double moon full, and the dawn is a lonely star", which is a metaphor for the pearl with the star and the moon, and the battle is neat and tidy, which is highly appreciated by the people of the time.
Unfortunately, the year after writing this poem, he died of illness, coincidentally his daughter's name "Star", which corresponds to the poem's statement that "the star is lonely after the dawn", so this poem is also regarded as "poetry" by posterity.
Speaking back to this poem "Nine Days of Climbing sendai to present Liu Ming Fu Rong", although it is not as famous as "Fengtian Mingtang Fire Pearl", it is also his masterpiece.
The poem describes what you saw and felt on the stage on the ninth day, and integrated the scenery, nostalgia, and lyricism into one, all in one breath, and was full of vitality.
Let's look at the title of the poem first, pointing out the time, place, and people.
"Nine days", needless to say, is the Chongyang Festival on September 9.
The "Wangxiantai" is located in Shaanxi County, Henan, and is rumored to have been built by Emperor Wen during the Western Han Dynasty for the hermit HeshangGong.
Earlier we said that Cui Shu once lived in seclusion on Shaomu Mountain (Dengfeng, Henan), and this poem should have been written during that period.
As for "Liu Ming Fu Rong", "Ming Fu" was often used in the Tang Dynasty to refer to county orders, so here it refers to a county order named Liu Rong.
At that time, the poet was still a white body, but Liu Rong was a county magistrate, so the title used a "submission" word, which had the meaning of social gifts.
This kind of poetry is actually not easy to write, the wording should be appropriate, not humble, not conventional, Cui Shu obviously knows this well, the whole poem
Natural and majestic, it has always been praised by future generations.
The first joint of the poem corresponds to the title "Climbing to Sendai", and the lyricism of the later part of the poem is derived from this link.
The most interesting thing is the three words "Akebono Kai", which first points out the time and shows that the poet climbed the high platform early in the morning.
The word "open" depicts the bright and open scene of the rising sun and the sun shining in the air.
Imagine that as soon as the poet ascends to the high platform, he sees such a spectacular and spacious scene, and the joy and cheerfulness are self-evident, which sets the emotional tone of the whole text.
The next two sentences are not only the feelings of the present, but also express his lament for the rise and fall of history.
Standing on the Wangxiantai, looking into the distance, I saw that the mountains around the Three Jins were winding north; the Erling Tombs in the north and south of the Kunshan Mountains had been attacked by wind and rain for hundreds of years.
"Three Jins" refers to the Jin state in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is probably the area around shanxi and Henan, and in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the three families of Han Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, so there is this title.
The "Erling" refers to the Erling Tombs in the north and south of the Kunshan Mountains, the Southern Tomb is the mausoleum of Emperor Xia, and the Northern Tomb is the place where King Wen of Zhou took refuge from wind and rain in the past years.
The poet intercepts these two places of great historical significance, writes scenes on the surface, and actually implies historical changes, which shows the meaning of nostalgia.
The next neck link mentions two characters, lamenting the history at the same time, but also implying the meaning of not meeting Huai Cai.
"Closing the Door Ling Yin" refers to Yin Xi, who served as the Hangu Guanguan Ling in the pre-Qin period, and it is rumored that when Lao Tzu traveled west, passing through Hangu Pass, Yin Xi said, "The son will be hidden, and he will write a book for me", so Lao Tzu left five thousand words of morality, which is what we now call the Tao Te Ching.
And "Heshang Xian Weng" is the Western Han hermit We mentioned earlier, Heshang Gong, who is rumored to have taught Emperor Wen of Han the four chapters of LaoZi Zhanggu, and later feathered Dengxian.
In addition to being related to Taoism, these two historical figures also have in common the "Zhi Encounter", Yin Xi Zhi Laozi, and Emperor Wen of Han met heshang Gong.
The poet is full of talent and ambition, but unfortunately no one appreciates it, and the sorrow in his heart can be imagined.
What is rare is that the poet is not trapped by such sorrow, and concludes with the sentence "And want to find Peng Zezai closely, Tao Ran drunk the chrysanthemum cup", quoting Tao Yuanming's allusion, expressing his secluded leisure and leisurely feelings of looking down on the name of merit and drunk wine together.
In terms of the whole poem, the first link points the topic, the jaw link writes the scenery nostalgia, the artistic conception is broad, the neck joint writes people lyrically, implying the sigh of the acquaintance, and the tail link narrative speech, revealing a very leisurely and secluded feeling.
Although it is a social poem, the poet writes very naturally and atmospherically, without showing traces, and is natural.
Later generations also spoke highly of this poem, and Wu Xuan, a Qing dynasty, said in the Notes on the Collection of Tang Xian's Three Ambiguities: "Tang Xian's Uprightness." The third and fourth have the tone of Li and Du, and they are the right voices of the Tang Dynasty. ”
The status of Li Bai and Du Fu in the poetry world needs no further words, and the evaluation of "Li Du's tone" can be said to be quite high.
I wonder how well you think Cui Shu's poem was written? Welcome to discuss.
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Author: Relief poems
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