Most of the "Fifteen Kingdoms Winds" in the Book of Poetry are named after regions or related elements plus "wind", such as "Qin Feng" is a folk song of Qindi, "Wang Feng" is a folk song of Eastern Zhou Luoyi, and so on.
However, there are two parts of the "Fifteen National Styles" that are very special, that is, "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan", which are also collectively known as "Er Nan".
So, what's so special about these two parts?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > the position of "Ernan" in "wind poetry"</h1>
Before interpreting "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan", it is necessary to explain a very important common sense in the Book of Poetry, that is, what is "positive change".
"Wind poetry" has the distinction of "positive change", that is, it is divided into "positive wind" and "change wind".
According to the traditional interpretation, the meaning of "changing the wind" is "changing the body of the wind", that is, it is a special style differentiated in the normal wind poetry, although it is still "wind poetry" in essence, but it has a special meaning in the form of expression.
The most popular saying is the view in the "Preface to the Poems":
As for the decline of the royal way, the abolition of etiquette, the loss of politics and religion, the country's foreign politics, the family customs, and the change of style and elegance.
That is, the wind changes because of the turmoil and chaos of the social environment, and the reality of the collapse of the libido has caused people's psychology to change or even distort, so that it is difficult to solve the suffering in life or cannot get rid of the spiritual difficulties, so it is revealed some negative emotions when singing.
So, which of the "Fifteen National Winds" belong to the "positive wind" and which belong to the "change of wind"?
The demarcation of the boundary between "positive wind" and "change of wind" has been a controversial topic from ancient times to the present, which is also because in the process of classical cultural inheritance, there have been some faults between the pre-Qin and Qin and Han dynasties, not only the loss of the classics themselves, but also the change of people's way of thinking, making the ideas of the two eras cannot communicate well.
Many scholars have put forward their own views on this, but the most mainstream explanation is that "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan" are "positive winds", and the other thirteen national winds are "changing winds".
This also explains why the naming of "Ernan" is obviously different from other national styles.
The question that arises, then, is how to interpret the word "south" if "ernan" is the representative of "positive wind".
Like the "positive change" controversy, many scholars are equally inconsistent about the interpretation of the word "south". It is understandable that under the tone of "two souths" as the positive wind, "south" must have an extremely important and special meaning.
Therefore, some people proposed that the eight sides "south" is positive, the eight-tone "south" is harmony, and the positive wind of "poetry" is called "south".
Most of the poems included in "Er nan" have an easy heart and a gentle atmosphere, just like the south wind touching things, and everything is smooth. Reading the poem of "Ernan", you will be unconsciously infected and inspired.
In fact, this statement can be further extended, that is, "south" also has the meaning of "to the south", and "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan" are the process of Wen Wang Dehua from north to south.
As an important text for interpreting poems, almost every one of the twenty-five poems included in the "Ernan" mentions the merits of "King Wen" and "Concubine Hou", and the "Collected Biographies" often use this as the basis for interpreting poems.
It can be seen that the "Second South" is considered to be a process of kingization from north to south, which was also supported by many scholars in ancient times. This is actually the same as the statement that "South" is "positive".
The starting point of this argument is the "poetic teaching view", which is one of the most important genres for the interpretation of the Book of Poetry.
In the pre-Qin era, the aristocratic community took "poetry" as one of the compulsory subjects at a very early age, whether it was used for emotional cultivation or diplomatic rhetoric, whether it was directly expressive or had ulterior motives, and a large number of cases could be easily found in many documents.
Confucius deleted the "Poems" and made it a compulsory textbook for Confucianism, and its compilation must have a very clear purpose, and the function of "Xingguan Qun grievances" is the most powerful proof.
Therefore, it is very convincing to explain the status and value of the "Second South" from the perspective of the "poetic teaching concept".
So, in addition, is there any other more reasonable explanation for "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan"?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > other interpretations of "ZhouNan" and "Zhaonan"</h1>
In contrast to the "poetic view", there are also many scholars who believe that the essence of the Book of Poetry does not lie in the "unspoken meaning" that the reader wants to experience, but in the work itself.
That is, the value of the Book of Verses is more reflected in the objectivity represented by the text.
Then, the interpretation of "Ernan" naturally starts from a more practical and visible perspective, rather than setting a "positive wind" tone first, and then interpreting it "reasonably".
In the "Primitive Book of Poetry", Fang Yurun gathered the interpretations of "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan" by many poets in the past, and put forward his own views.
He believes that the meaning of "South" is only a direction. "Zhou Nan" is the south of Zhou, and "Zhao Nan" is the south of Zhao.
Before expounding this point of view, Fang Yurun objected to the statement that "Ernan" is the positive wind, and did not agree that the "change of wind" mentioned in the "Poetry Preface" was the product of the world's decline and common grievances.
This undoubtedly fundamentally negated the prevailing mainstream view at that time, although it has not yet been widely accepted, but given the reality of increasing emphasis on the value of the text of the Book of Poetry, its claim has also received some support.
Fang Yurun believes that "positive" and "change" are just differences in the musical performance of the "Book of Poetry", somewhat similar to the later generations of word plates with "Huanxi Sha" and "Magnolia", but there are also variations such as "Spreading Huanxi Sand" and "Minus Magnolia Flower".
Even the "Ode to Fengya" in the Book of Poetry is only a difference in musical style, similar to the use of "poetry" in speech, the use of "text" in the way, and the use of "words" for lyricism, and the functions are different.
In this way, the moral connotation of "Ernan" does not lie in "positive change", but in its textual content.
The west of the "Zhou" land is Inu rong, the north is The Feng, the east is the nations, only the "south" area is the most extensive, and most of the poems collected are works here. And this is one of the earliest areas under wenwang dehua, so the works collected will be blended and subtle, and the zhongzheng is peaceful. The same is true of "Summoning South".
From these viewpoints, it can be seen that although Fang Yurun and the "poetic view" have integration, the internal logic is different.
The "poetic view" believes that the reason why "Ernan" is gentle and easy is because of its status as a positive wind, that is, social customs. Fang Yurun agrees with the influence of the environment on the poetic style, but reverses the cause and effect, believing that it is the influence of its social customs and the creative region, so the poem of "Ernan" is peaceful and therefore considered to be the "positive wind" in the wind poem.
In other words, the "poetic view" believes that "Ernan" is the positive wind, which is from the perspective of moral concepts, focusing on the unspoken meaning of poetry; while Fang Yurun believes that "Ernan" is the positive wind, from the content of the poem itself, focusing on the value of the text.
The reason why the name "South" is used is either a change in moral concepts brought about by changes in social customs, or the scope of poetry collection is difficult to frame in a certain place.
As for which statement is correct, it is still inconclusive.
The future is hidden in the night, waiting for the dawn here.
I am Waiting for Xiao'er, focusing on the popularization and interpretation of culture, welcome to pay attention to and exchange.