Text/Shi Jingyun
A woman's talentlessness is virtue, from Ming Zhang Dai's "Lady Qi's Text": "Mei Gong Yue: Husband has virtue is talent, and woman without talent is virtue." This statement is particularly inaccurate. Chen Jiru said at the end of the Ming Dynasty: "Women are literate in all languages, but those who can understand great righteousness are inherently virtuous, but they are rare; others like to read songbook novels, provoke evil intentions, and even dance and manipulate the law, and do no ugly things, but it is better not to be literate, and to keep the clumsy and peaceful division is healed." A woman's talentlessness is virtue. It's a reasonable quote. ”
There are too many talented women throughout history. Their fate is not much of a slur? Cai Wenji has married three times in her life and has experienced ups and downs. Li Qingzhao was born in a chaotic world, his husband died and remarried, and the evening scene was miserable. Madame Hua Rui, Zhu Shuzhen, Liu Ruyi, and Du Qiuniang are all talented women who have become famous for their poems and sentences, but they are all desolate and drifting in the evening, and some have no place to die. Is it the four talented women of the Republic of China who are not bumpy in love? A lifetime of tribulations? Shi Pingmei and Xiao Hong died young, Zhang Ailing died alone, and Lü Bicheng never married in her life. These talented women are all women we know well. The woman I am talking about below is a person with talent and a hard life, she is He Shuangqing, who was called "Little Li Qingzhao" by the Qing Dynasty.
He Shuangqing was born in 1713 (during the Kangxi Dynasty) and died in 1736 (during the Yongzheng Period). In the autumn of the fifty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, a peasant family surnamed He under the Siping Mountain in Jintan, Jiangsu Province, added another daughter. This is the second daughter of the He family, so she took the name Shuangqing. Xiao Shuangqing is very well-behaved, rarely cries, and often stares at a pair of black and white eyes to look at the outside world. Xiao Shuangqing grew up slowly and unconsciously. She seems to know that her family is poor, her parents are busy all day for their livelihood, they can't take care of themselves, and from the time they know things, she doesn't stick to their parents. Shuangqing's uncle was doing miscellaneous work in the town's academy, the town was not far from Xiao Shuangqing's home, and Xiao Shuangqing, who had no one to take care of him, often ran to the academy alone with "bar, bar" and quietly stood outside the window to peek. The students inside read, and she also imitated "Yi Ya Ya". It's also fun to learn. Later, the gentleman of the academy saw that the little girl was smart and studious, so he made an exception and agreed to let her enter the classroom to observe. Xiao Shuangqing was so happy that her heart was sweeter than eating honey, she was very sensible, and after class, she was busy delivering water and tea to her husband, fanning flies in summer, and adding charcoal to the fire in winter to thank mr. for his special care. In this way, Xiao Shuangqing listened to the academy for three years for free, learned to read and write, and also entered the door of poetry composition. It was in this state of semi-self-study that this young girl with great literary talent actually "learned without a teacher", realized the true meaning of poetry and words, and learned to chant poetry. From the perspective of modern people, her poetry is many times better than those students who have been subjected to famous teachers, who have studied hard at night, and who have spent their lives. This shows how important literary talent and spirituality are.
Three years later, He Shuangqing was ten years old. Mom thinks that the girl is older and should learn needlework at home. Prepare for finding a good in-law in the future. Because most of the other little sisters in the village are illiterate, they can't even write their own names, they marry and have children as mothers as usual, Shuangqing can read and read, and her parents are already very enlightened. At home, I followed my mother to learn to do housework, but I still couldn't put down the pen and ink poetry in the school. Her uncle bought paper, pencil and ink, and whenever she had free time, she sat at the dinner table and wrote poetry and composition. She also asked her uncle to bring her work to the academy for Mr. Wang's correction, and he often approved and encouraged her work, and was also secretly amazed by her rapid progress.
Spring came again, the crops in the field were planted and harvested, harvested and planted, and in the blink of an eye, He Shuangqing had grown into a big girl. The inner show of good poetry and nobility. This makes her more subtle and deeper than other country girls. Although He Shuangqing has excellent poetic talent and charm, these are worthless in the eyes of the rural people. When Shuangqing's father died, his uncle took the lead, and in order to give her a few more buckets of rice, he married her to Zhou Dawang, a tenant of the neighboring village who was illiterate, rough in nature, and addicted to gambling. And Zhou Dawang's mother, Yang Shi, is young and widowed, grumpy, and is a fierce character, brutal and unreasonable. Her parents' fate matched the words of the concubine, she had no way to resist, He Shuangqing married the past, which was equivalent to entering a fire pit.
Women in ancient times all obeyed the "three from four virtues". No matter how talented you are, you are bound by the ancient feudal society. Women's behavior and moral requirements. In order to meet the needs of the patriarchal family stability and the maintenance of the interests of the "husband's right" family, the Confucian etiquette standard for women's morality, behavior, ability and cultivation is "three from four virtues". Three subordinates: unmarried from the father, married from the husband, the husband died from the son "unmarried from the father" In ancient times, women who obeyed the morality of the three subordinates could not be self-exclusive and autonomous, but must act in accordance with the father's orders, the husband's will, and the son's will, so as to be filial to the daughter, to be virtuous to the wife, and to be good to the mother. The four virtues refer to: virtue, tolerance, speech, and work, that is, to be a woman, the first thing that matters is morality, and can stand up for herself; Then there is the appearance, in and out to be dignified and steady, not frivolous and casual. Then there must be words and deeds to talk to people at will, and then to be able to understand what others say, and to know what they should say and what they should not say. Work refers to labor, such as spinning, weaving, sewing, embroidery and all other manual labor, according to the principle of "internal and external difference", "male superiority and female inferiority", women can only show their wisdom within this range. The mother-in-law Yang Shi was widowed and widowed at a young age, and she pulled her son into adulthood with hard work. The son is the hope and world of her whole life, and the son Zhou Dawang grew up in this deformed maternal environment. In this kind of family, the psychology of mother-in-law and son cannot be as normal and healthy as that of ordinary families. The mother-in-law was afraid that the newly married daughter-in-law would take away her love, and the son Zhou Dawang obeyed his mother.com. He Shuangqing's tragic fate can be imagined. Whether it is beautiful or poetic, He Shuangqing is like a wild lily flower on the wasteland, silently opening, swaying with the wind, silent. At first, Zhou Dawang saw that his daughter-in-law was beautiful and gentle, and he was very fascinated by He Shuangqing. This made the Yang family very dissatisfied, thinking that the son had a daughter-in-law and forgot his mother, and counted all the faults on the daughter-in-law's head. Just three days after the new marriage, she was harassed by her mother-in-law, picking bones in various eggs, summoning her as a cow and horse, cooking and feeding chickens, feeding pigs, and scooping grains. As soon as Yang Shi was not happy, he punched and kicked her. He also often accused his son of filial piety. As soon as Zhou Dawang was preached by his mother, he miscalculated it on his wife. Originally, He Shuangqing was wronged, and at first he was still a little distressed. But under the provocation and tyranny of his mother Yang, the only remaining pity was gone, and his attitude towards his wife became worse and worse. Instead of knowing how to pity Xiang Xiangyu, her husband participated in the abuse of her with his mother. Allowing the mother-in-law and husband to abuse them in every way, the bitter Shuangqing had tears and only swallowed them into his stomach.
He Shuangqing had nowhere to complain, and could only write his grievances in poetry, so he gave birth to a poem with blood and tears. She had endless work in her in-laws' house, and she had to be beaten and scolded by her mother-in-law and her husband, and her mother-in-law had torn her earlobes and the blood flowed; because her husband pushed it, it hit the stone pestle, and the pain made her unable to stand up straight. She was already thin and weak, and she could not be conditioned and rested in her in-laws' house, and her health was getting worse and worse.
The poems she wrote, burned by the Yang clan, could not stop her passion. When the pen and ink ran out, she used a charcoal stick to compose lyrics on rags, bamboo leaves, etc., and composing poems became the only color and outlet for his soul in His Shuangqing's life. One day in April 1733, Shi Zhenlin, who lived in the same village of Zhou Dawang, the family of He Shuangqing's mother-in-law, invited Duan Yuhan and several other talents to return to the village to play, and occasionally saw a beautiful young girl carrying a dustpan out of the garbage, very surprised: I was born in the Golden Temple, how come I have never seen this beautiful girl? Look at the garbage there are a lot of bark confetti, on which there are faint traces of pen and ink. When I went over and picked it up, it was a fragmented poem. Shi Zhenlin was a scholar in the second year of Qianlong (1737). At the beginning of 1733, Shi Zhenlin proposed to open the door of the Shushan Coupling Academy and widely collect scholars and literati from bona and other counties. It was in this year that he accidentally met He Shuangqing, a new daughter-in-law of the Zhou family in the same village.
According to Shi Zhenlin's "Records of Xiqing Sanji", after inquiring, Shi Zhenlin and others soon learned of He Shuangqing's miserable situation, so they took the initiative to visit. Reading Shuangqing's complete poems, admiration and sympathy sprang up. ShuangQing admired the demeanor and talent of the talents, so he sang harmony with Poems such as Shi Zhenlin, shy and restrained, and "sent affection and stopped at etiquette". When Shi Zhenlin and others were extremely sympathetic, They had thought of helping Shuangqing get out of the predicament, but He Shuangqing, who was deeply bound by feudal etiquette, said sadly: "Although Tian Shelang is vulgar, he can turn to pity, he can bear it, and he does not want to read and be a student in this life!" Until his death, He Shuangqing always suffered silently and did not make any resistance to the torture and humiliation from his mother-in-law and husband. ("The husband is violent, good at admitting his mood and anger, and dares to be a little embarrassed.") The dark night was long, He Shuangqing could not see a trace of light, and the pain and resentment in his heart could be imagined. Soon after becoming a relative, He Shuangqing was tortured by both flesh and spirit, and he died of incense and jade, and he died with hatred, which was regrettable!
After He Shuangqing's death, Shi Zhenlin, who had returned from Chang'an to earn a meritorious name, received a poem left to him by He Shuangqing: "Thinking of the Emperor all day long, Chang'an is far away, and the soul of a night dreams travels several times." Can laugh at the hard words, but also learn from the village men and women, morning and dusk burning incense three kowtows. Pray for the blessings of the heavens, the people of the heavens will be famous, and they will be harmonious early. We should forget that the end of the world is haggard, his life is uncertain, and this life is over! Feeling he Shuangqing's true feelings, Shi Zhenlin began to collect her poems with all his might. The harsh environment in which He Shuangqing made poetry can be imagined. Her husband and mother-in-law did not allow her to write poems, and when she saw her writing poems and lyrics, she scolded her and swept out all the pens, ink, paper and stones she had brought from her mother's house; she was weak, working all day, and had less time to choose words and concentrate on writing. He Shuangqing wrote poems and lyrics, not to pass down the generations, she just wanted to use poems to vent sorrow, express feelings, and light up a spiritual lamp of her own for her gray life, without paper and pencil, she either used chalk reed leaves as a tool, or with branches and land as a tool, and there was no powder leaf failure. Shi Zhenlin went through hardships and collected only 14 surviving poems. Shi Zhenlin Dahe Shuangqing is more than 20 years old, and it can be seen from the words that He Shuangqing is already a secret seed of love for Shi Zhenlin, but he does not dare to have the slightest confession, "His life is uncertain, this life has been rested", and the despair in his heart overflows into words. Holding He Shuangqing's desperate words, Shi Zhenlin burst into tears and cried uncontrollably: "Only with The appearance of Shuangqing and extinction, poverty and illness to Shuangqing and extinction..."
Shi Zhenlin wrote a lot in his lifetime, but his most important contribution to the history of Chinese literature was the discovery and true recording of the short life course and immortal poems of the female lyricist He Shuangqing. Later generations published 14 poems in the "Snow Pressure XuanZi". Although there are only 14 songs, it is enough to establish its position in the history of Chinese literature. "The first female lyricist of the Qing Dynasty" and "Yi'an of the Qing Dynasty", the two laurels are well deserved!