Zhao Yi
Rosen
On April 4, 1938, Professor Zhao Yixuan of the Department of Economics of Southwest United University arrived in Mongolia. One of the routes for the southward migration is to take a bus out of Nanguan to Vietnam, and take the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway into Yunnan, known as a tour group, with middle-aged and elderly professors as the main members and Zhao Yixuan as the leader. Kunming housing shortage, southwest United University generals in the civil, french and commercial courts temporarily set up Mengzi, the establishment of Mengzi branch, as one of the members of the school council, Mr. Zhao's top priority is to inspect the school building, do not want to get off the bus at the beginning of the time was dismounted, severe vomiting, the work had to be terminated. Fortunately, "the medical cloud is not a tiger".
Tiger Lela, the transliteration of Cholera, the old name for cholera, was treated mainly with rehydration fluids and no effective antibiotics, although it was already in the 1930s, it was still talking about "tiger" discoloration. According to the "Declaration" reported in September 1932, this year's Shanghai cholera pandemic, a total of 4281 cases of illness, 318 deaths. Shanghai was the best area in old China, both for hygiene and epidemic prevention and medical treatment, and the mortality rate of less than 10% was extremely low. In 1938, refugees poured into Shanghai, and on August 7, wen wei po said: "The cholera epidemic in the city has increased unabated and become more and more rampant, and the wards of the epidemic hospital in the two concessions have been fully filled so early that they cannot be accommodated, which is unprecedented in the past years." "The number of cases recorded in this outbreak is 11,365, and the number of deaths is 2,246. As for the situation in Kunming, Wang Zengqi wrote that when there was cholera in Kunming, Mei Yiqi warned the students not to eat outside, and some students talked about how they had eaten a lot of meals outside and had not had a cholera yet, and Principal Mei said solemnly: "Students! There can't be a second time for this kind of thing. ”
There are nine kinds of notifiable infectious diseases in the Ministry of the Interior, of which typhoid fever, typhus, red diarrhea and cholera are mainly diarrhea. Typhus is more common in diaries, such as at the end of 1942, Zheng Tianting fell seriously ill, that is, he suffered from this disease. On December 19, the condition deteriorated rapidly, "dry mouth and no water, high fever, hiccups, farts, bitterness", the body temperature increased greatly in the morning, reaching 38.9 ° C, and rose to 39.5 ° C in the afternoon; after that, the fever was repeated for nine days, and has been bedridden, eating very little, and intermittent diarrhea; until the 24th, there was no improvement, you can leave the bed; the fever will recede on the 27th; and it will be raised for a few days, and the Yuan family will sit down for a few days, 30 days, "after the illness, the first bedroom, direct sunlight, pleasant body", the sick body recovered.
Mr. Zheng has always been conceited and strong, but also self-aware of caution, except for the fifteen years of the Republic of China, he has been sick for two or three days, and there has been no serious illness in the past thirty years. There are three reflections on the recovery of the disease: first, eating and drinking, working until one o'clock in the afternoon every day to go out of the office, or snacking on the small shop, or going back to the residence to nibble steamed bread with cold vegetables and cold meat, "more or less cold and warm and disorderly"; second, living improperly, reading on the pillow every day, sleeping often late as 1:30 a.m., sleep is less than six hours, nap can not be guaranteed; third, the warmth is insufficient, it is already winter, the beginning of the month is cold, the clothes are still stored in the countryside, "in the city only a thin bed, a lined robe, a torn cotton robe, can no longer wear", During the day, I can barely support it, and I can't sleep at night.
Zheng Tianting went south alone, unable to take care of himself, and the resulting decline in resistance was indeed the cause. More importantly, typhus is an infectious disease, but the school has been lacking targeted epidemic prevention. In those years, many of the faculty members of the United Nations General Assembly suffered from typhus, such as Zheng Bingbi of the Philosophy Department in March 1943, Liu Benzhao, secretary of the Standing Committee in April, Zha Liangzhao, chief of discipline in October, and Zhu Huichen, director of the Cultural Group of the Peking University Office. In the coming year, the following year still did not stop, in June, the Peking University office affairs group Bao Yin Fu was embarrassed, and in October, Qian Xuexi of the Department of English, Jiang Zehan of the Department of Mathematics, and Zheng Huachi of the Department of Physics fell ill, in the current parlance, it can be called "cluster disease".
The general secretary of the General Assembly was ill and did not go to the hospital because the medical treatment in Kunming was not very smart. The National Chung Cheng Medical College and the National Shanghai Medical College were soon moved away; several others, the public ones were Kunhua Hospital, where Dong Zuobin was hospitalized for more than half a month in December 1938; Huidian Hospital was a British Church Hospital, on June 21, 1939, Tang Yongtong's eldest son, the extremely talented Tang Yixiong, died of anesthesia overdose while cutting the cecum; and the Affiliated Hospital of the National Yunnan University School of Medicine, namely Yunda Hospital, which was just established in 1941. Professor Wu Yunzhen of the Department of Biology of the United Nations University died on June 7, 1942, due to ineffective treatment of duodenal ulcers.
In addition to the psychological shadow, there is no medicine available. In the mid-1930s, the first human antibiotic "BailangDuoxi" came out, the antibacterial mechanism has been studied clearly, and a large number of cheap sulfonamide drugs are being produced rapidly. Sulfa is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, effective for typhus, can be fully used, and the anti-war military revival, is really a sky-high price, such as the Department of Aeronautical Engineering Zhuang Qianding to Mei Yiqi's "Application Difficulty Subsidy": "Ding suffered from diarrhea in June and July... The price of (drugs) is too high, all purchased by Ding, and the cost of medicine alone is up to 3,000 yuan. ”
Only "home isolation". The school doctor Dr. Xu Xingmin's program is mainly based on supportive treatment, bed rest, more drinking water, antipyretic, light diet, the drug is only given to "Gasgara", that is, "Cascara", which is the American rat plum peel, a plant-based drug, mostly used to moisten the intestines and laxatives. Chinese medicine thus appeared, a colleague Mr. Shen Gangru saw, he is not a Chinese medicine practitioner, but subordinate to the Academic Affairs Office, because of the family tradition of Traditional Chinese medicine, the United Nations University professors often ask him for diagnosis and treatment. It is said that there is no big heat, mainly to thin the table, the prescription is: four dollars of light tempeh, five dollars of Sichuan cypress, two dollars of Su stem, three dollars of mulberry leaves, two dollars of thorny mustard spikes, two dollars of mint, three pieces of green onion white, and three slices of ginger.
This recipe is very gentle, and the kitchen can prepare half of the medicinal herbs, similar to the folk prescription. However, turning to Chinese medicine for help triggered the criticism of his friend Mao Zishui, who was "not to be trusted by Chinese medicine". Zheng Tianting's own attitude is to believe in the doubts, and he has only eaten soup medicine twice in the past thirty years: once in Beiping in the fifteenth year of the Republic of China, because of the high fever of the middle gas; once in the eighteenth year of the Republic of China in Hangzhou, because of coughing and fear of winter plague. This time, the number of medicines prescribed was still stable, he did not listen to maozi water muttering, entrusted people to buy back fried clothes.
It does work. After taking the medicine, Zheng Tianting felt that his body was much lighter and his appetite was very good. Hearing that Mr. Zheng, who usually did not believe in Chinese medicine, used his own formula, Shen Gangru came to visit the disease again, identified it as a wet temperature sign, and prescribed medicine again, Zheng Tianting consulted with Luo Changpei as usual, Luo Changpei talked with Yuan Jiahua and Xu Baoluo, the three were not at ease, told Yao Congwu, Yao Congwu prevaricated with "not knowing the medicinal properties". Seeing that his friends had such an attitude, he insisted on taking Chinese medicine, "I don't know if the princes laughed at me", Mr. Zheng could only give up.
There is also psychological counseling. Hu Mengzi of the General Affairs Office of the United Nations General Assembly was a former Qing Xiucai, an old poet of Nanshe, who was already sixty-two at the time, and Zheng Tianting called him "Hu Menglao". Hu Mengzi firmly believed in Buddhism, and cast a spell on the boiling water in front of the bed to invite Mr. to drink, saying that tomorrow will be a fever, for the kindness of the old man, Mr. Zheng always goes along with his wishes, "know that there is no harm, thank you and drink it." The next day, he came again and gave a small grain of medicine, which is said to be the tranquility of food, and Mr. "Those who know that it is the psychological effect in the Dharma to reassure people will be harmless, and drink it with thanks."
Typhus is not an interpersonal infection, mainly due to the invasion of Rickettsia motriolis in the body of rat fleas into broken skin or eating food contaminated with rat urine and feces, and the key to epidemic prevention lies in the extermination of rats. Zheng Tianting's illness got the sentence "There is no trace of the rat, and the cold bird forgets the morning", which mentions the rat infestation, which should be realistic. On November 15, 1939, it was published in "Night Rain Dadan, For the Rat Awakener Again", (Next 7th Edition)
On January 5, 1943, it was published that "the middle of the neighborhood sang and the rat disturbed the awakened people many times", and it seems that the dormitory of the United Nations University has been doing very poorly in this regard. In fact, Yunnan has always been a high-incidence area for typhus, and the last pandemic in China was in the Zhaotong area.
Once the pandemic struck, the scene was extremely terrible, and the diary was also described here, on April 9, 1944: "At night, Shao Guangming came, and his words came from Si Maofu, and for three years there was a continuous epidemic in his land, and the death was exhausted, ten rooms and nine empty, walking in the city, like an alarm scene." The county has less than 10,000 people, and the earthen fields are barren. The land of the rich in the past is now like this, and it is rarely known to outsiders."
There is also red diarrhea, that is, bacterial dysentery, which has a five-character song that year: "Every summer and autumn, red diarrhea is the most popular." It was red and white, and the pain was 100,000. Dozens of times a day, day and night. Physical exertion is great, and exhaustion is also lost. "Dysentery, caused by dysentery bacillus, is now rare, but it was a severe disease at that time, and most people with infectious shock or toxic encephalopathy died. The aforementioned Professor Zhuang Qianding is a tight military talent, and he has also been consumed by this disease.
Diarrhea is more common. On April 11, 1938, "Last night at four o'clock abdominal pain, toilet diarrhea, from seven o'clock, re-diarrhea", when he first arrived in Kunming, Zheng Tianting thought it was a serious illness, and then "fortunately stopped", a false alarm. After that, there were countless diarrhea, such as from May 23 to 25, 1939, four of the ten people in the teacher's house fell ill, Tang Yongtong, Luo Changpei, Huang Guocong, Chen Xueping had diarrhea, and Zheng Tianting had "water uncleanness?" Unclean rice? "The suspicion, but also the suspicion, is not pursued below.
I have more diarrhea, and I get used to it slowly. From April 6 to 7, 1940, Zheng Tianting had diarrhea twelve times, and he had not been treated, and by April 8, "the waist was weak, he was leaning on the support, and he could not support it", but at 7:30 that night, the United Nations General Assembly had a class arrangement, teaching "The Enclosure and Escape of the Early Qing Dynasty", the course was once every other week, in order not to let the students run in vain, Mr. Zheng still struggled to move forward.
The diarrhea in November 1940 was the most severe, lasting from the 24th to the 28th. In addition to continuing to wonder "Water is not familiar? New rice is not easy to digest? Unclean food? In addition, it is a few times oral "Suda tablets". Soda tablets are baking soda (sodium bicarbonate tablets) that can be used to replenish electrolyte loss in the body and have no therapeutic effect on diarrhea itself. In particular, on the 27th, the most embarrassing, unfortunately caught up with the four meetings of the day (the relocation committee, the tea party for the teachers and staff of the Sichuan, the Standing Committee of the General Assembly, and the committee of the Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences all met), during which there were several times of diarrhea, and the abdominal swelling was abnormal, and they did not dare to eat, and finally they were extremely sleepy.
After two years, diarrhea is not only strange, but also a life adjustment. On July 16, 1942, I met Chen Xueping, Chen Shi recently had diarrhea, suspected dysentery, and asked a doctor for medical treatment. Zheng Tianting quipped to this psychology professor, others are from water diarrhea to dysentery, but Chen Shi is from dysentery to water diarrhea, is it also a psychological effect? The two looked at each other and laughed.
By 1943, you could prescribe your own prescriptions. From November 10 to 12, Zheng Tianting had fifteen watery diarrheas and took "medicine Trobe" to heal himself. "Medicinal Terrin", or sulfonate iodine, is a good medicine for the treatment of intestinal amoeba disease, which was still used clinically until the 1980s and has no effect on other pathogens. It turned out that Mr. Zheng accidentally hit and killed himself and cured his intestinal amoeba disease.
In order to curb the rampant infectious diseases, vaccines can also be used for prevention. Before the 1930s, more foreign vaccines were relied upon, and then the China Health Laboratory and the Shanghai Health Laboratory were established, and a variety of vaccines were developed in China, and the vaccination methods in line with the national conditions were summarized: acne in the spring, cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery vaccines in the summer, diphtheria and scarlet fever toxins in the autumn, and flow brain vaccines in the winter. However, spring to autumn, south to north, through the diary, Zheng Tianting and colleagues have not been recorded in vaccination.
P.S. Part of this article is discussed in a separate article published in "Dots and Drops", and is now re-written in conjunction with current events, and is hereby explained