In the second half of the eleventh holiday this year, Lao Wang went to WÙyuan, Jiangxi to participate in the "Music House Waiji Piano Score" score meeting. (Note: "Playing scores" means to sort out the ancient scores, translate them into the scores that can be played today, and audition and recording.) Wang Fu (fú), the author of the Lefu Waiji Musical Score, was a Wuyuan native of the Qing Dynasty. In the conference materials given by the organizing committee, the identity of Wang Fu is "Qin Ren", but according to Lao Wang's earliest understanding, Wang Fu was first of all a famous Confucian in the Huizhou area of the Qing Dynasty (Wuyuan historically belonged to Huizhou).
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Many people today have the impression of Huizhou as a famous "Huishang merchant" in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties, such as the famous old-fashioned "Zhang Xiaoquan" who made scissors, and the famous red-top merchant (that is, the businessman who cooperated with the government and had the status of an official) Hu Xueyan in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition to being good at business, Huizhou people also have a rich cultural heritage.
In the field of Chinese painting, there is the Xin'an school of painting in Huizhou (Xin'anJiang is a big river in Huizhou). We are familiar with the rice paper, yantai in the famous yan she (shè) yan, are produced in Huizhou, today walking on the "old street" in Huangshan City, Anhui Province (Huangshan City in history is the capital of Huizhou, "Old Street" is a street in Huangshan City with more preserved ancient buildings), and many of the shops seen sell the four treasures of the literary house.
In addition, the white-walled black tile Huipai building is a representative style of traditional Chinese architecture, Lao Wang remembers the first time to the countryside of Huizhou, saw the old Huipai houses scattered on the green countryside, and instantly understood the aesthetic taste of ink painting.
The four treasure shops on the old street
In addition to commercial, architectural, painting and other achievements, Huizhou Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty was also developed. Due to the professional reasons studied by graduate students, Lao Wang had the most contact with Confucian scholars in Huizhou.
Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty can be simply divided into two major schools, one is the "science of science" that was examined in the imperial examination and mainly based on the teachings of Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the other is the "simple study" that was actually very popular in the Qing Dynasty and mainly based on the examination of various knowledge of ancient books.
Dai Zhen, the most famous Pu scholar of the Qing Dynasty, was a native of Huizhou, and Dai Zhen's teacher Jiang Yong was also a famous Pu scholar of the Qing Dynasty, and Jiang Yong was a Wuyuan person, and another student of Jiang Yong, Huizhou Jinbang, was the champion of the Qianlong period. From this we can see that Confucianism in Huizhou should have a high status in the Qing Dynasty.
The Dai Zhen Memorial Hall closed on the old street
And the protagonist of our story today, Wang Fu, is a contemporary of Jiang Yong, and is also a fellow Wuyuan, Wang Fu is about 10 years younger than Jiang Yong, so Wang Fu, as a descendant, has written to Jiang Yong to discuss Confucianism.
After the deaths of Both Wang Fu and Jiang Yongdu, the famous Confucian scholar Zhu Yun (yún), a provincial official in charge of education in Anhui and a prominent Confucian scholar, believed that Wuyuan was the hometown of Zhu Xi, the great Confucian of the Southern Song Dynasty, and that the two most important Confucians in Wuyuan during the Kangxi and Qianlong years were Jiang Yong and Wang Fu.
Wang Fu and Jiang Yong are very similar, they are only the lowest-level talents in the imperial examination, they have not been officials, and they have devoted their lives to teaching as a profession. But Jiang Yong's life is slightly luckier than Wang Fu's, because Jiang Yong has famous students such as Dai Zhen and Jin Bang, who are famous all over the world, and the teachers are naturally famous.
Xin'an River
Wang Fu, on the other hand, seems to have a more bumpy life. Wang Fu's father was also a Confucian student, but the family was too poor to concentrate on studying, so he could only go to other places to work as an aide to officials (equivalent to a personal assistant), at that time, there was no Network, mobile phone, Wang Fu's father could not communicate with his family for many years.
Wang Fu's brother and sister-in-law are workers who rely on helpers to survive. Wang's family affairs were handled by her mother alone. Wang Fu's grandfather won the Xiucai examination, so Wang Fu's mother learned Confucian classics and poetry creation from an early age. Because he was too poor to go to school, Wang Fu began to teach him to read when he was 5 years old. When Wang Fu was 10 years old, he became familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics.
When Wang Fu was 20 years old, her mother fell mad and was bedridden, so Wang Fu concentrated on taking care of her mother. When he was 23 years old, his mother died, and Wang Fu went to Nanjing on foot to find his father to come home, but his father did not go home, nor did he have money to give Wang Fu, and he also drove Wang Fu away. So Wang Fu returned to his hometown, buried his mother with the help of the villagers, and then went with his fellow villagers to the official kiln in Jingdezhen to burn porcelain, painted porcelain bowls for the official kiln, and worked to make a living.
Wang Fu is a dedicated worker, he seriously studied the technology when he drew the bowl, the salary is relatively high, he will support him to continue to study. After a while, Wang Fu left Jingdezhen, after all, painting bowls was not his ideal profession. He began three years of wandering, in the border area of Anhui, Jiangxi, when he was lucky, he was a teacher for a period of time, and when he was unlucky, he slept in the wilderness and begged for a living, and the traffic basically relied on walking.
The most tragic thing was that at this time, his legs were yellow and swollen, as thick as a bucket, and the smell was bad, and passers-by could not avoid it, and Wang Fu himself did not know whether he could live until tomorrow. But during this period of wandering, Wang Fu still insisted on reading and writing.
At the age of 27, Wang Fu came to Fengxi, at the junction of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, where he met Shen Wo'an, who admired his talent, and Shen Wo'an hired Wang Fu as a tutor, and Wang Fu's life settled down.
In the next 23 years, in addition to going to Nanjing for funerals, visiting tombs and going out as guests twice, Wang Fu returned to Wuyuan in the winter for the New Year and taught in Fengxi in the spring.
Before the age of 30, Wang Fu was displaced and hungry, so what was his attitude towards such a life? He can do it for a few days without food, and still "get comfortable". Wang's wife said that after 30 years with Wang Fu, she had never seen him get angry or curse.
Moreover, before the age of 30, Wang Fu wrote more than 100,000 words of books, and he burned them all at the age of 30, because he believed that the content of these books was too complicated and not his lifelong pursuit of learning.
From this, we can see that Wang Fu is a very hard-working, open-minded personality, and tenacious temperament, and has a strict pursuit of his own academic ideals. What kind of story did such a person have later? Let's look at the next article~