<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" > Preface: Zhu Wen, who is inferior to animals</h1>
Speaking of Cao Cao, many people remember that he was suspicious, but he was thirsty for talent, meritocracy, Wen Tao and martial strategy, and unified the north, which was the first in the world at that time.
Speaking of Zhu Yuanzhang, many people remember that he killed indiscriminately, but expelled the Tartars, restored China, ruled the country with an iron fist, suppressed corruption and anti-corruption, and the people clapped their hands and applauded.
Speaking of Zhu Wen, what do we remember about him? Looking at the major self-media, it is nothing more than the following:
Indiscriminate killing, creating the "scourge of the White Horse Stagecoach", and slaughtering Dr. Qingliushi.
Incest, the son was out fighting, and the daughter-in-law was allowed to go to the palace to serve.
Adulterous thief, openly raping Zhang Quanyi's wife and daughter, Zhang Quanyi dared to be angry and did not dare to speak.
Killing the emperor, deposing the Tang Emperor, usurping Tang's self-reliance, and violating the righteousness of the monarch.
Not only is the network big V bad comments like a tide, for a thousand years, Zhu Wen's reputation has not been good. Take a look at the bad comments of the ancient celebrities on Zhu Wen:
Li Keyong: Quan Zhong (Zhu Wen) is jealous of his ability to do good, and he is a cunning thief, and he will be a national disaster in the next day.
Wang Fuzhi: Zhu Wen started from a group of thieves, fierce and cunning like a snake, no size of the merit to Tang, and seized his three hundred years of rock society.
Fang Junshi: If he takes cao pi's father's concubine, Zhu Wen's adulterous son and wife... alack! Man is different from the beast.
Ouyang Xiu: Liang's evil is extremely bad! Since the beginning of the thieves, as for the dead Tang, its legacy of poison has been flowing all over the world. The world is full of heroes, rising on all sides, and no one wants to slash the blade in the chest.
If I said that Zhu Wen's absurd and evil deeds were deliberately demonized by later generations, and some of them could not stand the test at all, zhu Wen's contribution was far greater than his transgressions, and even comparable to Cao Cao's, would you believe it? Don't believe it, let's take a look at what a comprehensive Juwen looks like.
Portrait of Zhu Wen, Taizu of Later Liang
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" > contribution: no less than Cao Cao's Zhu Wen</h1>
Although the novels represented by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms regard Cao Cao as a "traitor", Cao Cao's contribution cannot be erased, he suppressed the Yellow Turban Rebellion, crusaded against Dong Zhuo, eliminated the division, surrendered to Wuhuan, Xianbei, etc., gradually unified the north, restored economic development, stabilized social order, and laid the foundation for the Wei state to represent the Han Dynasty and the return of the three families to the Jin Dynasty.
What about Zhu Wen? In fact, Zhu Wen's contribution was more than Cao Cao's, but it was rarely positively affirmed.
I. Zhu Wen's history of origins, from the Huangchao Rebellion to the usurpation of Tang Dynasty
Zhu Wen, a native of Zhongshan, Anhui Province, was born into a family of scholars, and his grandfather and both were well-known scholars in the local area, but Zhu Wen lost his father at an early age, and his family fell into the middle of the road, and he had to live with his mother as a maid. Zhu Wen, who lost his father, not only lived poorly, but also lacked his father's love and education, and when he grew up, he became a little like Liu Bang, doing nothing all day and being idle, but unlike Liu Bang, Zhu Wen had a fierce and fierce personality, always promised himself heroically and heroically, and was a famous rogue overlord in the eight townships, and most of the neighbors were disgusted with him.
How can such a rogue rogue + social asshole have a job? However, Liu Bang, who was also a rogue and a rogue and was not favored by others, was able to conquer the jiangshan, defeat Xiang Yu, and establish the Han Dynasty, because he was born in the chaotic world at the end of the Qin Dynasty, and the times created heroes, and the heroes also changed the situation.
Zhu Wen's luck was also very good, because he lived in a chaotic world at the end of the Tang Dynasty, even more chaotic than the late Qin. At that time, there was a famine in Shandong, Henan and Anhui for many years, the imperial court was ineffective in disaster relief, the people were displaced, and the hungry people were in droves, and the Huangchao Uprising broke out in this situation. The rebel army continued to enlist hungry people, and its scale grew rapidly, sweeping across the north, and the situation was very chaotic. This chaotic situation is the stage for people like Zhu Wen to show their ambitions, and Zhu Wen, who has always been "heroic and heroic", threw himself into the HuangChao Army at this time and became an ordinary soldier.
Zhu Wen was brave and good at war, and was like a fish in the army, he assisted Huang Chao in capturing Chang'an, made great achievements, and became one of the top generals under Huang Chao, but the Tang Dynasty's national fortunes did not decline, gathering forces to launch a counterattack against the rebel army, the huangchao rebel army had a bad prospect, plus some people deliberately excluded Zhu Wen, Zhu Wen for personal consideration, he listened to the advice of his subordinates, led his troops to surrender to the Tang Dynasty, and instead suppressed the Huangchao rebel army.
Roadmap of the Huangchao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty
It doesn't matter how unjust Zhu Wen is, but he is really good at fighting, whether he is on the side of the rebel army or on the side of the Tang Dynasty, he is invincible and invincible, and his battle achievements are greater than anyone, these are facts that no one can hide, so Zhu Wen was given the name "Quan Zhong" by the Tang Dynasty, and constantly added officials to the knighthood. In 883, at the age of 32, zhu Wenguan paid homage to the assassin shi of Bian Prefecture and the Emissaries of Xuanwu Army, and was enfeoffed as the King of Liang. A rogue rogue with no background, after seven years of hard work in the army, grew into a feudal official on the side of Jiezhen, Zhu Wen's experience is legendary enough and inspiring enough.
The establishment of the festival is the highest goal in the minds of countless people, but at this moment it has become a new starting point for Zhu Wen. When the Huangchao Rebellion was basically suppressed, Zhu Wen's main opponent was the strong feudal town that always coveted and wanted to annex him, while Zhu Wen was just a gangster with no background, surrounded by other old clan towns, simply a fat sheep to be slaughtered.
No one expected that Zhu Wen, who was surrounded by strong enemies, and Zhu Wen, who had no background, had to rely on his cunning, fierceness, and fierceness to bring out a unit with extremely strong combat effectiveness; in the course of twenty years, Zhu Wen fought in the east and the west, fought in the south and the north, suppressed rebellions one after another, defeated one opponent after another with more generals than himself, made outstanding military achievements for the Tang Dynasty, and his official position became higher and higher.
In 884, at the Battle of Chenzhou, Huang Chao was completely defeated, and the inspector Situ and Tongping Zhangshi were sealed.
In 886-887, the Battle of Caizhou, pacifying Qin Zongquan, adding the title of Inspector Taiwei and concurrently serving as Zhongshu Ling, entered the King of Dongping.
From 892 to 897, he pacified Yun Yan and completely defeated the Tianping Army, which made Zhu Xuan and the Taining Army make Zhu Jin.
From 900 to 903, he pacified Fengxiang, defeated Fengxiang and Li Maozhen, the envoy of Longyou Jiedushi, rescued the captured Tang Zhaozong, and made military envoys such as Shou Taiwei, Zhongshu Ling, and Xuanwu, deputy marshals of the Various Dao Soldiers and Horses, and entered the Liang King, and gave him the title of "Returning to Heaven to Rebuild and Do His Best to Defend the Righteous Heroes".
With the continuous expansion of the territory, the continuous improvement of his position, Zhu Wen's ambitions also grew, he regarded the emperor as his puppet, the king could not satisfy his appetite, he began to brew step by step to usurp the Tang Dynasty. In April 907, after four years of meticulous planning, step by step, Zhu Wen accepted the Tang Emperor's Zen concession under the "persuasion" of hundreds of officials, that is, the emperor's throne, the founding name of Daliang, historically known as Hou Liang, for Liang Taizu.
Later Liang Territory (Situation in the Early Period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms)
Second, Zhu Wen's four major contributions, from saving the Tang Dynasty to destroying the Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was nominally destroyed by Zhu Wen's usurpation, but in the last few decades of its life, the Tang Dynasty was already extinct in name only. Tracing back to the source, the decline of the Tang Dynasty began with the Anshi Rebellion, after the Anshi Rebellion, the dispute between the party, the division of the feudal towns, and the dictatorship of the eunuchs became the three major factors that led to the decline of the Tang Dynasty's national strength, and the peasant revolt dealt a heavy blow to the tang Dynasty's rule, while Zhu Wen's strong rise suppressed the peasant uprising, ended the eunuch clique, swept away the clean flow of clothes, weakened the feudal town division, and finally with a gentle push, finally destroyed the crumbling Tang Empire.
There was no shortage of eunuchs in successive dynasties, and the Tang Dynasty was the most important. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs were strictly restricted from interfering in politics, but from the beginning of Tang Xuanzong, eunuchs began to be used by the emperor, and the first famous eunuch of the Tang Dynasty was Tang Xuanzong's most favored Gaolishi, and the princes and princesses called him "Awung", and the donkey horse was honored as "Ye", but during this period, the eunuchs did not do much harm. Later, the emperor did not trust the hundred officials, but trusted the eunuchs, and handed over the forbidden army "Divine Strategy Army" to the eunuchs, resulting in the eunuchs' increasing power and beginning the road of arbitrariness. The power of the eunuchs of the Tang Dynasty was unprecedented, and it had reached the point where hundreds of officials were appointed or dismissed, and even the emperor was deposed, Tang Xianzong, Tang Xianzong, etc. were all supported by eunuchs, Tang Xianzong and Tang Jingzong were even killed by eunuchs, and the emperor became a veritable puppet, no wonder Tang Wenzong lamented that he was not even as good as Emperor Xian of Han and King Zhao of Zhou.
In the late Tang Dynasty, all the emperors who wanted to make a difference tried to seize power from the eunuchs, and the "Yongzhen Reform" (that is, the "Two Kings and Eight Sima Incident" incident) during the Tang Shunzong period and the "Ganlu Change" during the Tang Wenzong period were all struggles between the emperor and the civilian official clique in an attempt to seize the power of the eunuchs, but they all ended in failure, and each time they were more miserable than the first, and the eunuch forces were more arrogant than ever.
It was Zhu Wen who ended this situation. The fundamental reason for the failure to seize the power of eunuchs before was that the forbidden army was in the hands of eunuchs, "the pen could not beat the barrel of the gun", and the emperor only united civilian officials who did not have military power, and obviously could not do the eunuchs who held military power. In 901, the chancellor Cui Yin tried to unite with Zhu Wen to kill the eunuch clique, but was preempted by the eunuchs, and the eunuch Han Quanzhi kidnapped Tang Zhaozong and ran to Fengxiang Li Maozhen, Zhu Wen and others sent troops to attack Li Maozhen, and finally forced Li Maozhen to kill Han Quanzhi and others and return Tang Zhaozong to Zhu Wen.
At this time, the combat effectiveness of the Divine Strategy Army was in decline, and it was no longer the same as in the past, and the real elite soldiers and strong generals were in the hands of the powerful clan towns, such as Zhu Wen, a local big man, and the eunuchs did not have the help of the Divine Strategy Army, just like the tigers without claws and teeth, no longer in the past. After Zhu Wen turned Tang Zhaozong into a puppet, with his personality, it was impossible for a group of eunuchs to compete with him for the emperor, and he killed more than 700 eunuchs in one go under the banner of Tianzi, killing more than 700 eunuchs in one go, and the blood of the killings flowed like rivers, and the corpses were all over the field, almost eliminating the eunuchs in the palace, leaving only a few dozen eunuchs to serve as miscellaneous servants.
Zhu Wen's methods were very bloody and violent, very simple and effective, the eunuch clique that lasted for more than a hundred years and was spurned by everyone was completely ended, and the eunuch dictatorship basically bid farewell to the stage of history, and in the five generations of the Song Dynasty, although there were individual eunuchs who gained power, they never suffered from the eunuch dictatorship.
The Change of Ganlu: A Microcosm of the Eunuch Dictatorship of the Tang Dynasty
Where there are people, there is politics, and where there is politics, there are friends.
The Tang Dynasty's partisan dispute is the "Niu-Li Party Struggle." The Li Party, represented by Li Deyu, and the Niu Party, represented by the Niu Monks and Children, have waged a protracted struggle for the highest power. The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty was not surprised by this fierce party struggle, and even deliberately maintained the balance of power on both sides, sometimes reusing the Niu Party and attacking the Li Party, sometimes reusing the Li Party and attacking the Niu Party, and the more fierce the struggle between the two parties, the more stable the position of the emperor.
The Niu-Li party dispute has both political disagreements, as well as portal views and disputes of will, and the more later, the more fierce the dispute between the wills, the two sides take revenge on each other as their own responsibility, rather than exerting efforts to govern, rich countries and strong troops, the Tang Empire in this way gradually declined in the endless internal friction. The members of the Niu and Li parties have different backgrounds, ranging from the sons of powerful people who have entered the army by relying on the shade of the door and becoming officials by fighting for their fathers, as well as officials and scholars who have come from the imperial examination and fought on their own, and it is difficult to separate them completely, but they have one common characteristic: they are self-assured and high-minded, and they have always despised Zhu Wen, a rough person from a poor background.
Zhu Wen was in a high position and intended to usurp The Tang Dynasty, many high-ranking officials in the imperial court called themselves "Qingliu" and looked down on him, Zhu Wen believed that these people were the biggest obstacle to his usurpation of The Tang Emperor, and he must find a way to eradicate them.
Zhu Wen has been fighting for decades and is accustomed to killing people and licking blood, and killing a person is a piece of cake for him. In 905, at the instigation of Li Zhen, Zhu Wen killed more than thirty people from powerful families, such as Pei Shu, DuGu, Cui Yuan, Zhao Chong, Lu Kang, Wang Pu, and Wang Zan, who were born in Baima Yi, Huai Prefecture, Henan Province. Zhu Wen laughed and followed, throwing the bodies of Pei Shu and others into the Yellow River, which is known in history as the "Disaster of the White Horse".
The Haomen Shi clan originated in wei and Jin, although the Sui and Tang dynasties took the shi and constantly attacked the haomen forces, but the haomen shi clan was still strong, with considerable energy in the party struggle, becoming a great obstacle to "bureaucratic politics", even after the great sweep of the Huangchao uprising, the haomen shi clan was like a hundred-footed worm, dead but not stiff. Zhu Wen created the "disaster of the white horse" and the bloody massacre of "clean clothes", although the method was simple and crude, it eliminated the last power of the rich shi clan in one fell swoop, made the hao meng shi clan completely withdraw from the historical stage, and also ended the endless party struggle. In the five subsequent dynasties of the Song Dynasty, officials and scholars from the Imperial Examination occupied the political arena and formed a clique of civilian officials, and China's feudal dynasty entered the stage of "bureaucratic politics".
Tang Dynasty's Crown Qingliu (manga)
The division of the feudal towns originated from the establishment of the Jiedu envoy, who was only a military official, and later the imperial court constantly gave them power, so that they grasped the military, financial, administrative, judicial and other powers, and became the real feudal officials. During the Anshi Rebellion, the central army of the Tang Dynasty was unable to suppress the rebellion, and the fanzhen became the main force in counterinsurgency, and it was out of control, blossoming everywhere in the country, they superficially obeyed the imperial court, but in fact they supported the army and respected themselves, divided one side, and passed down from generation to generation, one by one became an "independent and semi-independent kingdom", which once led to "the government order of the son of heaven not to leave Guanzhong".
The most unhappy of course is the emperor, but the town has money, power and soldiers, and the emperor has nothing to do with them. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, except for Tang Xianzong," who vigorously reformed the maladministration, quelled the rebellion in Fanzhen, and created a short period of "Yuan and Zhongxing", other emperors were helpless against the division of Fanzhen, allowing them to constantly fight with each other, seize population and land, and do not pay attention to the imperial court.
In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen's territory was located in Henan, which was a typical land of four wars, easy to attack and difficult to defend, and zhu Wen lacked the most background, completely relying on his own struggle, and his starting conditions were "slightly the same as Cao Cao's, and cunning was excessive", but Zhu Wen used nearly twenty years to continuously eliminate or control the surrounding disobedient clan towns and expand his territory. By the time he usurped the Tang Dynasty as emperor, he had already controlled twenty-one large and small feudal towns, so that the Territory of Houliang stretched from the Yellow River in the north to the sea in the east, to the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains in the south, and to Guanzhong in the west, which not only effectively weakened the division of feudal towns since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, but also laid the basic territory of the later five generations of power, and even laid the foundation for the basic unification of the Song Dynasty.
Map of the situation of the tang dynasty feudal towns
Zhu Wen did not count on killing people, but it was a political enemy who did not obey, in fact, he was an emperor who cherished talents and knew people well, he did not like to talk about the "clean clothes" of the wrong country, but he attached great importance to talents with real talents and practical learning, Wen Tao and martial strategy, and he gathered a large number of the most outstanding civilian and military generals at that time, Li Zhen, Jing Xiang, Pang Shigu, Yang Shihou, Wang Yanzhang, and others were all famous generals for a while, and assisted him in establishing the cause of wang hegemony. Zhu Wen also specially issued an edict to the military generals of the Wen Dynasty not to avoid their relatives, and to recommend to the imperial court outstanding talents who "have literary deeds to be desirable" and "use the road of extensive materials" to "broaden the road of materials."
In terms of governing the country, Zhu Wen's basic policy was to lightly dispense with thin endowments and recuperate, as recorded in the History of the Old Five Dynasties:
Emperor (Zhu Wen) was worried about the people and heavy farmers, especially thinking of enough food and foot soldiers... Liang Zuzhi's founding of the country also belonged to the Huangchao chaos, yimen a town, outside the strict waiting, the inner defiling lai, the vigorous cultivation of mulberry, thin its rent, although the soldiers fought hard, the people were happy to lose, between the two centuries, Russia became hegemonic. The last emperor and Emperor Zhuang confronted each other on the river, and the people of Henan, although trapped in luck, did not go into exile. Its righteousness is not his, the cover is light and the hill garden can be loved.
This record not only fully affirms Zhu Wen's governance policy of "cultivating mulberry vigorously and reducing his rent", but also sends a signal that "although soldiers fight hard, the people are happy to lose". That is to say, although Zhu Wen ruled the army strictly, fighting for many years and soldiers fought hard, the people were willing to pay taxes, which made Zhu Wen rise rapidly. What is even more incredible is that even if after Zhu Wen's death, the last emperor Zhu Youzhen succeeded to the throne, and fought fiercely with the Later Jin Dynasty for many years, the military expenditure was huge, and the tax burden of the people was increased, but there was no phenomenon of the people going into exile in Houliang. The fundamental lies in the policy of Hou Liang to lightly dispense with thin endowments, and although the people of Henan bear taxes, they are still relatively light compared with other places and can still live.
In addition, the Zizhi Tongjian, which has always belittled Zhu Wen, has this record:
Liang Taizu attacked Huainan, plundered tens of millions of cattle, and gave them to the peasants of the southeastern states, so that the years would lose rent. Since the beginning of the decades, the cattle have died and the rent cannot be removed, and the people have suffered greatly... Emperor (Guo Wei) knows its drawbacks... His fields, houses, cattle, and agricultural utensils, and gave the tenants eternal karma, and all the cattle rental classes were removed.
This passage of the record superficially talks about the "cattle rent" that harms the people, but it is the best proof of Zhu Wen's development of agricultural production. Cultivating cattle is the most important labor tool in ancient times, and ordinary farmers cannot afford to cultivate cattle at all, which directly affects farming efficiency and production enthusiasm. Zhu Wen leased tens of thousands of cattle to the people at a low price, which shows that his concern for agricultural production is not lip service, but has taken practical measures to effectively restore and develop agricultural production, and the five generations of regimes since Later Liang have all set the capital at Kaifeng or Luoyang in Henan, which to a large extent is Zhu Wen's implementation of the economic foundation laid for the restoration and development of agriculture, which is a major contribution that Zhu Wen cannot erase.
Ancient peasant farming map
How did the Later Tang Dynasty, who destroyed Hou Liang, treat the people? The History of the Old Five Dynasties has the following record:
and Emperor Zhuangzong pacified the Liang Room, and the official Kong Qian was appointed as a tenant envoy, and the law was stripped down, and the thick was offered, and although the people's property was exhausted, the army was still in deficit. Coupled with the revolution of the army, and therefore the famine, not more than three or four years, so that the turmoil, its righteousness is not his, the cover of heavy military service and the disappointment of the huan district.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" > misunderstanding: the demonized Zhu Wen</h1>
Why did Zhu Wen make such a contribution leave only the impression of tyranny and fornication in the eyes of posterity? This is related to the prejudices of later historians.
There are two main existing history books that systematically record the history of the five dynasties, one is the "History of the Old Five Dynasties" officially compiled in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the other is the "History of the New Five Dynasties" compiled by Ouyang Xiu himself. The "History of the Old Five Dynasties" is rich in historical materials, and the evaluation of Hou Liang and Zhu Wen is more objective, and there are certainly more, while the "New Five Dynasties History" has a very low evaluation of Hou Liang and Zhu Wen, and the records of Zhu Wen's tyranny and fornication are mostly from the "New Five Dynasties History", especially the plot of Zhu Wen's incest with his daughter-in-law and the occupation of the wife and daughter of subordinate Zhang Quanyi, which are all excerpted by Ouyang Xiu from the wild history novel "Northern Dream Trivia".
Also written in the Northern Song Dynasty, why does the History of the New and Old Five Dynasties have such a great evaluation of Hou Liang and Zhu Wen? Mainly a change in the view of historiography.
The revision of history books by china's ancient historians is deeply influenced by Confucianism, and following Confucius's "Spring and Autumn Brushwork", that is, paying attention to praise and depreciation in selecting historical materials and evaluating historical facts, "usurpers like Zhu Wen" violate Confucian orthodoxy and are objects that should be be degraded. However, during the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism had not yet gained a dominant position in the ideological circles, and Xue Juzheng and others who compiled the "History of the Old Five Dynasties" did not use the "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" to revise history, adding oil and vinegar to the historical materials subjectively, and cutting the pen with knives, so the evaluation of Zhu Wen was praised and depreciated, more objective and comprehensive.
Ouyang Xiu was the initiator and representative figure of Neo-Confucianism, the leader of the academic circles in the ideological circles of the Northern Song Dynasty, who promoted Confucian morality and evaluated Zhu Wen's general tone as critical, so he used the "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" in the selection of historical materials, adopted many records of Zhu Wen's tyranny and fornication in wild history novels, and abandoned Zhu Wen's good governance, Ouyang Xiu himself specifically expounded this point in the "New Five Dynasties History Liang Benji":
(Ouyang Xiu) said: "The sage's intention in the Spring and Autumn Period is deep, so he can exhort the precepts, for the sake of faith, and then good and evil are clear. The husband wants to sin in the hereafter, and cares about whether it is true or not. ...... Let the king not hide his evil, and then if he knows that the notoriety cannot be escaped, he will be spared by the evil. "Spring and Autumn" does not condemn the king of great evil, and does not harm his purpose of praising and degrading evil, but he does not believe in the hereafter with his sins, and instead of being a king, he must not hide his evil, and he will not be evil in order to stop people. I can know the meaning of "Spring and Autumn", and then know the purpose of not faking Liang. ”
Obviously, Ouyang Xiu made it clear that he was using the "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" in his revision of the "History of the New Five Dynasties", which greatly recorded the bad deeds of Zhu Wen and Hou Liang, with the purpose of establishing Zhu Wen as a typical example of a "usurper" and making his various evil deeds widely known to future generations.
History of the New Five Dynasties compiled by Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu's goal was indeed achieved, since the Southern Song Dynasty, the most important faction in Neo-Confucianism, Cheng Zhu Lixue, who emphasized feudal ethics, morality and order, had been continuously improved, and the historical concept of the New Five Dynasties History had become more and more "politically correct" and more and more recognized by the scholar group, while Zhu Wen, who usurped the Tang Dynasty and had a moral loss, was more and more disliked by later generations. Later, the "History of the Old Five Dynasties" gradually dispersed, and it was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was compiled from the "Yongle Canon", but its influence had been completely surpassed by the "New Five Dynasties History", and Zhu Wen's demonized image had become deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and was irreversible, so that when people mentioned Zhu Wen, they only knew about his usurpation, indiscriminate killing and incest, and knew almost nothing about his contribution.
Now that the millennium has passed, we should give Zhu Wen a more fair evaluation, he is the terminator of the eunuch clique, the sweeper of the clean clothes, the weakener of the feudal town, and the restorer of agricultural production.
References: "History of the Old Five Dynasties", "History of the New Five Dynasties", "Zizhi Tongjian", etc.
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