Speaking of macula, many people are confused, what is the macula? The first thing to say is that the macula is not a spot, it is a very important area in the eye.
What is macula? Where is it? What's the use?
The macula is located at the pole behind the eye and contains a lot of lutein, which looks like a "yellow patch". The macula is located in the optical center of the human eye, which is the projection point of the axis of vision, and the light enters the eyeball from front to back, and the structure facing the retina is the macula.
The macula is the most important place for us to produce vision, responsible for light, color, shape, to help people see all bright things, identify the three-dimensional sense of things, and distinguish the colors of various things. Under normal circumstances, the visual examination of the human eye is to check the visual ability of the macular area, and the retinal vision outside the macular area is extremely low.
Does a laser pointer hurt the macula when it shines on the eyes?
The 5-year-old boy Binbin inadvertently got the laser pointer at home, out of curiosity, he used the laser pointer to look at his right eye for a few seconds, who knew that it was this short few seconds, but it caused permanent damage to Binbin's vision.
The examination results showed that Binbin's right eye vision after being irradiated by laser pointer was only 0.3, and the doctor said that the macula under Binbin's eyes was damaged by the laser, which was generally difficult to recover, and it was possible to further deteriorate later, causing macular cracks, resulting in further decline in vision. Here is a special reminder to primary school students and parents, be sure to be vigilant!
What are the symptoms of macular problems?
According to a doctor at the Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University, there is a typical symptom of macular disease - visual deformation, that is, the straight view is curved, the door frame is originally straight, but some people see that it is curved. Sometimes a macula in the eye is problematic and not easily detected, and the Amsler form can be used to test.
Put the checkered table at 30 cm in front of the eye, cover one eye with your hand, and gaze at the center point of the checkered table with the other eye, and find that any straight line of the checkered table appears curved, distorted or discontinuous, which may be a problem in the macula.
Doctors from the Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University remind that black shadows obscuring the eyes, dimming of vision, and enlarging or becoming smaller (one eye sees things are larger, the other eye sees things smaller) is also a symptom of macular disease.
Three common macular degenerations
1. Senile macular degeneration
The eye disease that reduces the quality of life of the elderly is the most severe, non-senile macular degeneration, and its incidence is related to genetics, environmental factors, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and other factors, which are divided into dry and wet. In the early stage of wetness, things are distorted, and there will be a shadow in the center, and the dark spots will grow larger and larger with the progression of the disease, and in the late stage, they can only rely on the afterglow, and the dryness is mainly a decrease in vision.
Once senile macular degeneration has occurred, if not in the case of doctor intervention, generally after two years of development, it can develop to what we call blind standards, vision below 0.1.
2. Macular cracks
The macular hiatus is a hole in the retina of the macular area, and the cause is trauma, inflammation, high myopia and many other factors, and there may be crank loss, deformation of seeing things, and decreased vision. After the discovery of the early surgery treatment, the chance of vision being saved is relatively large.
3. Premacular membrane
The vitreous and retina in the eyeball are originally very tightly glued, when the vitreous body is separated from the retina due to aging, the premacular membrane is produced during the separation process, which will wrinkle the macula or pull the drum, so that there will be vision loss, blurred vision, seeing words become larger or smaller, or look at objects distorted and other phenomena.
How is macular degeneration treated?
The doctor of Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University explained that the treatment of macular disease mainly includes intraocular injection, photodynamics, surgery, etc., and the best treatment method is taken according to the different causes and conditions.
(1) Senile macular degeneration, anti-angiogenic drugs, photodynamic lasers or combination therapy can be used;
(2) The anterior macular membrane and macular fissures are mainly treated by surgery;
(3) Central serous choroidal retinopathy is a viable photodynamic laser.
Reminder: If macular disease is not treated in time, the final rescue of vision is very small. Patients need to go to the hospital in time to clarify the diagnosis and treat them as soon as possible.
How to protect the macula?
1 Eat more vegetables and fruits
Because vegetables and fruits contain a lot of antioxidant substances, such as trace elements, vitamins, lutein and so on. Eat more fish, because fish contain a lot of unsaturated acids and have a strong antioxidant effect.
2 Quit smoking, exercise, weight control
Studies have shown a clear correlation between smoking and the occurrence of macular degeneration in old age. In addition, it is necessary to actively prevent high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, high blood sugar, eat less greasy food, strengthen exercise, control weight, help macular disease or slow down its development.
3 Regular check-ups
For people over 50 years old, with high degrees of myopia and traumatic eyes, the doctors of Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University recommend that these types of people should check their eyes regularly.
Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University was established on November 8, 1997, is a set of medical, teaching, scientific research, anti-blindness as one of the national tertiary first class eye hospital, national clinical key specialties, Singapore National Eye Center sister center, national residency training base, with national postdoctoral research workstation, academician expert workstation, translational medicine research institute, etc., and through the national drug clinical trial institution certification.
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